Common Pattern Errors

Question 1

Backing

Answer 1

Error pattern in which alveolar consonants are replaced by velar consonants;

Example; tee pronounces as [ki]

Question 2

Denasalization

Answer 2

Error pattern in which nasal consonants are pronounced as oral consonants (typically oral stops);

Example: me pronounced as bi

Question 3

Cluster Reduction

Answer 3

A error pattern in which a consonant or consonants in a consonant cluster are deleted;

Example: speed is pronounces as [pid] or [sid]

Question 4

Epenthesis

Answer 4

Error pattern in which a vowel is inserted between consonants in a consonant cluster;

Example: treat is pronounced as t(e upside down)rit)

Question 5

Final consonant deletion

Answer 5

Error pattern in which a consonant occurring at the end of a syllable or word is deleted;

Example, beet is pronounced as [bi]

Question 6

Fronting

Answer 6

Error pattern in which velar consonants (sometimes postal oral affricates) are pronounced as alveolar consonants;

Example, key is pronounced as[ti]

Question 7

Final consonant devoicing

Answer 7

And error pattern in which voiced obstructs are devoiced at the end of a syllable or word;

Example: mead is pronounced as [mit]

Question 8

Glottal replacement

Answer 8

Error pattern in which a consonant is pronounced as a glottal stop;

Example: boot is pronounced as [bu?]

Question 9

Gliding

Answer 9

Error pattern in which a fluid consonant is pronounced as a glide

Example, Lee is pronounced as [wi] or [ji] but this is less typical

Question 10

Labial assimilationist

Answer 10

Error pattern in which consonants assimilate to the place of production of a labial consonant

Example: bead is pronounced as [bib]

Question 11

Lisping

Answer 11

Error pattern in which alveolar consonants (usually fricatives) are pronounced with the tongue either on or between the front teeth. Also called a frontal lisp. Lateral lisps are the same as lisping except the airflow comes over the sides of the tongue

Question 12

Initial consonant deletion

Answer 12

Error pattern in which the consonant being ing the word is a deleted for example, bee is pronounces as [i]

Question 13

Lateralization

Answer 13

Error pattern in which sounds typically procedures with central air emission (most commonly [s] and [z]) are pronounced with lateral air emission : for example , see is pronounced [lsi] (see section on diacritics).

Question 14

Provocative voicing

Answer 14

Error pattern in which consonants are voiced when they occurs before a vowel

Example: pea pronounced as [bi]

Question 15

Metathesis

Answer 15

Error pattern in which the order of sounds in a word is reversed

Example peek is pronounced as [kip]

Question 16

Redupliciton

Answer 16

Error pattern in which a syllable is repeated; for example the pronunciation of water is [wawa]

Question 17

Stopping

Answer 17

Error pattern in which a continuing (usually a fricative) is pronounced as an oral stop;

Example : see is [ti]

Question 18

Syllable deletion

Answer 18

Error pattern in which an unstressed syllable is deleted

Example: banana is pronounced as [nae ne(upside down e)

Question 19

Velar assimilation

Answer 19

Error pattern in which consonants assimilate to the place of production of a velar consonant

Example: teak is pronounced [kik]

Question 20

Vowel neutralization

Answer 20

Error pattern in which a vowel is replaced with a neutral vowel

Example: bat is [b(e upside down)t]

Question 21

Focalization

Answer 21

Error pattern in which a syllabic consonant is replaced by a neutral vowel; for example beetle is pronounced [bi ?]

Question 22

Affrication

Answer 22

error pattern in which stops or fricatives are pronounced as affricates:

Example: see pronounced as [tsi]