Common Oral Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Tori and Exostoses
(4)
A
- Benign, reactive bony protuberances arising
from the cortical plate - Torus palatinus
- Torus mandibularis
- Exostosis
2
Q
Palatal Torus
(5)
A
- More common than mandibular tori
- 25% of US population
- Females (2:1)
- Asians and Inuits (Eskimo)
- No treatment
3
Q
Mandidbular Torus
(7)
A
- Less common than palatal tori
- 10% of US population
- Most are bilateral
- Single or multiple nodules
- Slight male gender predominance
- Asians and Inuits
- No treatment
4
Q
Traumatic (Irritation) Fibroma
(3)
A
- Most common “tumor” of the oral cavity
- Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
- Not a true neoplasm of fibroblasts - a
reactive lesion rather than a true neoplasm
5
Q
Giant Cell Fibroma
(2)
A
- Distinct from irritation fibroma – may not be
associated with an identifiable source of
chronic irritation and occurs at younger age - Often exhibits a papillary surface and may be
clinically mistaken for papilloma
6
Q
Epulis Fissuratum
* Synonyms
(4)
A
– Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia
– Denture injury tumor
– Fibrous epulis
– Denture epulis
7
Q
Epulis Fissuratum
(2)
A
- Redundant fibrous tissue
- Associated with denture flange
8
Q
Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
(3)
A
- Denture papillomatosis
- Poor oral hygiene combined with ill-fitting
prosthesis - Surgical excision and correct prosthesis
9
Q
Medication Associated
Gingival Enlargement
(4)
A
- Enlargement begins in the interdental
papillae and forms pseudopockets - Non-specific clinical appearance
- Multiple drugs are synergistic
- Severity is related to patient susceptibility
and local factors
10
Q
Medication Associated
with Gingival Enlargement
(3)
A
- Anticonvulsants
- Calcium channel blockers
- Immunosupressants
11
Q
- Anticonvulsants
A
– Dilantin (phenytoin) – 50%
12
Q
- Calcium channel blockers
A
– Procardia (nifedipine) – 25%
13
Q
- Immunosupressants
A
– Sandimmune (cyclosporin) – 25%
14
Q
Drug-Related Gingival Enlargement -
Treatment
(4)
A
- Control local factors - anti-plaque agents
(chlorhexidine) - Drug substitution
- Drug therapy - folic acid, metronidazole,
azithromycin - Surgical excision - gingivectomy
15
Q
Pyogenic Granuloma
(5)
A
- A reactive vascular lesion - essentially a capillary
hemangioma - Definite female predilection - vascular effects of
hormones - Name is a misnomer. It is unrelated to infection. It is not
“pyogenic” and is not a true granuloma - May exhibit rapid growth
- Gingiva most common site, but not limited to gingiva. It
occurs throughout the body on any skin or mucosal
surface
16
Q
Clinical Variants of
Pyogenic Granuloma
(4)
A
- Pyogenic granuloma
- Granuloma gravidarum
- Epulis granulomatosum
- Pulp polyp
17
Q
- Granuloma gravidarum
A
– Pregnancy tumor
18
Q
Granuloma Gravidarum:
Pregnancy Tumor
(2)
A
- A clinical variant of pyogenic granuloma
- May involute without treatment post
partum and undergo fibrous maturation
19
Q
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
(7)
age, where, 5 facts
A
- Reactive lesion – not a neoplasm
- Teenagers and young adults
- Not related to
central ossifying fibroma - Occurs exclusively on the gingiva
- Fibrous hyperplasia with osseous metaplasia - may
appear radio-opaque - May recur
- May move teeth
20
Q
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
(5)
A
- Reactive lesion – not a neoplasm
- Older adults
- Occurs exclusively on gingiva and edentulous
alveolar ridge - Contains hemosiderin - may be bluish-purple
- May recur
21
Q
Human Papilloma Virus
(3)
A
- Squamous papilloma
- Verruca vulgaris
- Condyloma acuminatum
22
Q
Squamous Papilloma
(3)
A
- Solitary lesion in adult
- Pedunculated, exophytic papule
- Numerous surface projections
23
Q
Verruca Vulgaris
(4)
A
- Skin of hands in children
- Multiple, clustered lesions common
- White, verrucoid surface
- Autoinoculation of oral mucosa
24
Q
Condyloma Acuminatum
(5)
A
- Venereal wart - sexually-transmitted disease
- Multiple, clustered lesions common
- Sessile, pink exophytic mass, larger than squamous
papilloma - Low risk sub-types 6 and 11 frequently found
(vaccine) - High-risk sub-types 16 and 18 may also be present
25
Low virulence to High virulence and infectivity
Squamous Papilloma
Verruca Vulgaris
Condyloma Acuminatum
26
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
(3)
* Initial exposure to virus in an individual
without immunity
* Generally occurs at young age after physical
contact with infected individual
* Mostly subclinical disease - 80% of US
population has antibodies to HSV
27
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
Symptoms (2)
* Flu-like illness with fever, malaise,
arthralgia, headache
* Cervical lymphadenopathy
28
Clinical Forms of Recurrent
Aphthous Stomatitis
(3)
* Minor
* Major
* Herpetiform
29
Aphthous-like Lesions may be
Associated with Systemic Disease
(6)
* Behcet’s Syndrome
* Reiter’s Syndrome
* Inflammatory Bowel Disease
* Malabsorption Syndromes
* Cyclic Neutropenia
* HIV / AIDS
30
* Inflammatory Bowel Disease
(2)
– Ulcerative colitis
– Crohn’s Disease
31
* Malabsorption Syndromes
(1)
– Gluten Sensitive Enteropathy
32
Types of Gingivitis
(6)
1. Plaque-associated gingivitis
2. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
3. Medication-induced gingivitis
4. Allergic gingivitis
5. Specific infection-related gingivitis
6. Dermatosis-related gingivitis
33
2. Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
– NUG
34
3. Medication-induced gingivitis
– Drug-related gingival hyperplasia
35
4. Allergic gingivitis
– Plasma cell gingivitis
36
5. Specific infection-related gingivitis
– Herpes Simplex Virus
37
6. Dermatosis-related gingivitis
– Desquamative gingivitis
38
Periodontitis as a Manifestation of
Systemic Disease
(5)
* Diabetes mellitus
* Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection
* Decreased numbers of leukocytes
* Abnormal function of leukocytes
* Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome
39
* Decreased numbers of leukocytes
– Neutropenia
40
* Abnormal function of leukocytes
– Leukocyte dysfunction syndromes
41
Hairy Tongue
(3)
* Elongated filliform papillae
* Exogenous pigmentation may impart a brown
or black appearance
* Various associated factors
42
Hairy Tongue
* Various associated factors
(2)
– Heavy smoking
– Antibiotic therapy
43
Fordyce Granules
(2)
* Ectopic sebaceous glands
* Development stimulated at puberty
44
Leukoplakia
* A white patch or plaque that can’t be
characterized clinically or pathologically
as any other disease.
45
Erythroplakia
* A red patch or plaque that can’t be
characterized clinically or pathologically
as any other disease.
46
Ulcer
* A loss of continuity of the epithelium
that penetrates to the the underlying
connective tissue
47
Oral Melanotic Macule
(3)
* Focal increase in melanin
* Normal number of melanocytes
* Lower lip vermillion most common
48
Clinical Types Lichen Planus
(2)
* Reticular lichen planus
* Erosive lichen planus
49
Reticular Lichen Planus
(2)
* Bilateral asymptomatic white lesions of
posterior buccal mucosa (Wickham striae)
* Also papules and plaques
50
Geographic Tongue
(4)
* Benign Migratory Glossitis
* Erythema Areata Migrans
* Stomatitis Areata Migrans
* Wandering Rash of the Tongue
51
Geographic Tongue
(4)
* Cause unknown
– Hypersensitivity to environmental factor ?
* Common at tip and lateral border
* Red
* White
52
Geographic Tongue
* Red
– Multiple erythematous zones
– Atrophy of filliform papillae
53
Geographic Tongue
* White
* Elevated, yellow-white, serpiginous border
54
Histopathology: Geographic Tongue
(3)
* Psoriasiform mucositis
– Resembles psoriasis
* Exocytosis of neutrophils into epithelium
* Munro microabscesses
