Common Method Variance

Question 1

4 potential causes

Answer 1

Rater effects Item characteristic effects Item context effects Measurement context effects

Question 2

Common rater effects (cause)

Answer 2

Consistency motif Social desirability Positive and Negative affect (mood state) Leniency Acquiescence (Yea or nea sayers)

Question 3

Item characteristic effects (cause)

Answer 3

Item social desirability Item demand characteristics Item ambiguity Common scale formats or anchors (e.g., Likert, faces; always, never) Pos. or neg. wording

Question 4

Item context effects (cause)

Answer 4

Priming Scale length Context-induced mood Item embeddedness (neutral in a pos or neg group will take on that property)

Question 5

Measurement context effects (cause)

Answer 5

Measured at…. the same time the same location by the same medium