Common Mental Disorders Flashcards by Shadekiel Kassie

What are the four methods of Mental Disorder Diagnosis

History
Mental Status Examination
Lab Investigations
Physical Examination

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What are the most important tools that the psychiatrist has to make a mental disorder diagnosis

History and

Mental Status Examination

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What information is collected in psychiatric patient history

Data
Chief Complaint
History of Present Illness
Developmental/Perinatal History
Social History
Past Medical History
Past Surgical History
Allergies
Past Psychiatric/forensic history
Family History
Medications

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What is presented in the Case Report of the psychiatric patient

Present Complaint. eg: feeling sad for 6mths
History of presenting complaint
Review of psychiatric symptoms. eg: no mood or psychotic symptoms reported; tearfulness, insomnia

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What is included in the Mental Status Examination (MSE)

COMMPAAASTT
Cognitive function (insight, judgement, attention, memory)
Orientation (time, place person)
Mood (Pts description of emotional state)
Motoric behaviour
Perception
Affect (observed emtional expressions)
Appearance (gait, dress, grooming)
Attitude (toward interviewer)
Speech (rate,loudness,clarity,spontaeity)
Thought process (flight of ideas,circumstantiality)
Thought Content (elusions, obsessions, suicidal thought)

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What manual is used to help diagnose mental disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fouth edition, Text Revision (DSM IV-TR)

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What information does Axis I in DSM-IV-TR provide

Axis I provided information about clinical disorders. Any mental health conditions, other than personality disorders or mental retardation

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What information does Axis II in DSM-IV-TR provide

Axis II provided information about personality disorders and mental retardation

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What information does Axis III in DSM-IV-TR provide

Axis III provided information about any medical conditions that were present which might impact the patient’s mental disorder or its management.

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What information does Axis IV in DSM-IV-TR provide

Axis IV was used to describe psychosocial and environmental factors affecting the person

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List some examples of disoders that would be listed in Axis I of DSM-IV-TR

Bipolar Disorder

Substance Related Disorder

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List some examples of disoders that would be listed in Axis II of DSM-IV-TR

Antisocial Personality Disorder
Sleep Disorders
Anxiety Disorders

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List some examples of disoders that would be listed in Axis III of DSM-IV-TR

Bronchial Asthma

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List some examples of disoders that would be listed in Axis IV of DSM-IV-TR

Financial Stressors

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What information does Axis V in DSM-IV-TR provide

Axis V was a rating scale called the Global Assessment of Functioning; the GAF went from 0 to 100 and provided a way to summarize in a single number just how well the person was functioning overall

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What are the 6A s of the interview techniques, when interviewing a psychiatric patient

Appropriate question styles (open and closed)
Attempt to build rapport
Always show respect
Achieve and demonstrate empathy
Appropriate opening and closing
Active listening

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List four main types of mental disorders

Psychotic disorder
Major Depression
Anxiety Disorder
Bipolar Disorder

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Define Psychotic Disorders

They have a difficulty in differentiating what is real from what is not and experience delusions and hallucinations

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What is a delusion

a fixed false belief that is not amenable to argument and is out of keeping with the individuals culture

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a fixed false belief that is not amenable to argument and is out of keeping with the individuals culture

Delusion

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What are hallucinations

A false sensory perception occuring in the absence of any relevant external stimulation of the sensory modality involved

Hallucinations

List four examples of psychotic disorders

Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder

also
Substance induced psychotic disorder
delusional disorder
shared psychotic disorder
psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition

How is schizophrenia characterized

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behaviour

also, affective flattening, alogia, avolition, anhedonia

what are the three phases of schizophrenia

prodromal, active, residual

How are the prodromal and residual phases of schizophrenia characterized

reduced forms of active symptoms | odd beliefs, magical thinking, self-care

What are 5 types of schizophrenia

``` paranoid disorganized cataconic undifferentiated residual ```

what are the childhood clinical presentations of schizophrenia

unexceptional in early childhood

What are the adolescent clinical presentations of schizophrenia

chnages in behaviour and personality and decrease in academic, social and interpersonal functioning

What are some clinical presentations of schizophrenia

``` Deficits in ability to pay attention Hallucinations and Delusions Loss of interest Poverty of speech Poorly dressed decresed emotional range Strange behaviour (hoarding, self-mutilation, sleep disturbance) unpredictably violent or bizzare ```

What is the management for schizophrenia

no cure | anti-psychotic medication

What can be observed in the mental status examination of the schizophrenic patient

``` oddly dressed poor hygiene delusions flat affect hallucinations thought block poor attention disorganized thinking odd movements orientation usually intact ```

What are the fivetypes of psychosocial therapy

``` Supportive therapy behaviour therapy group therapy family therapy social skills training ```

what is bipolar disorder

The disregulation of mood , attention and neurovegetative function

What are the domains of bipolar disorder

Manic Mood and Behaviour Dysphoric or Negative Mood and Behaviour Psychotic Sympotoms Cognitive Symptoms

List some examples of Manic mood and behaviour in bipolar disorder

``` pressured speech excessive libido reduced need for sleep euphoria grandiosity impulsivity recklessness social intrusiveness ```

List some psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder

hallucinations | delusions

List some dysphoric/negative moods and behaviours seen in the bipolar patient

``` anxiety violence/suicide depression iritability hostility ```

List some cognitive symptoms of bipolar disorder

distractability racing thoughts inattentiveness disorganization

List three therapeutic options for Bipolar Disorder

Anticonvulsants (mood stabilizers) Lithium Antipsychotics (conventional and atypical)

What are the characteristics of major depressive disorder

``` Sad Irritable empty tearful tense decreased pleasure/interest significant increase or decrease in appetite loss of energy restlessness reduced abiity to think, concentrate, remeber ```

What are some treatment options for MDD (major depressive disorder)

Medication Psychotherapy/talk combination

List four types of anxiety disorders

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Obsessive Complusive Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder

Describe Panic Disorder

People with this disorder have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning

Describe Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Plagued by constant thoughts or fears that cause them to practice certain rituals. Germophobe- excess hand washing

Describe Social Anxiety disorder

Overwhelming worry and self-conciousness about everyday social situations

Describe phobias

A specific phobia is an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as snales, heights or flying

Describe PTSD

This is a condition that can develop following a traumatic and/or terrifying event, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one or a natural disaster

Describe Generalized Anxiety disorer

Ths disorder involves excessive unrealistic worry and tension, even if there is little or nothing to provoke the anxiety

List some symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder

``` restlessness easily fatigued difficulty concentrating muscle tension sleep disturbances ```