Common Mental Disorders Flashcards
What are the four methods of Mental Disorder Diagnosis
History
Mental Status Examination
Lab Investigations
Physical Examination
What are the most important tools that the psychiatrist has to make a mental disorder diagnosis
History and
Mental Status Examination
What information is collected in psychiatric patient history
Data Chief Complaint History of Present Illness Developmental/Perinatal History Social History Past Medical History Past Surgical History Allergies Past Psychiatric/forensic history Family History Medications
What is presented in the Case Report of the psychiatric patient
Present Complaint. eg: feeling sad for 6mths
History of presenting complaint
Review of psychiatric symptoms. eg: no mood or psychotic symptoms reported; tearfulness, insomnia
What is included in the Mental Status Examination (MSE)
COMMPAAASTT
Cognitive function (insight, judgement, attention, memory)
Orientation (time, place person)
Mood (Pts description of emotional state)
Motoric behaviour
Perception
Affect (observed emtional expressions)
Appearance (gait, dress, grooming)
Attitude (toward interviewer)
Speech (rate,loudness,clarity,spontaeity)
Thought process (flight of ideas,circumstantiality)
Thought Content (elusions, obsessions, suicidal thought)
What manual is used to help diagnose mental disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fouth edition, Text Revision (DSM IV-TR)
What information does Axis I in DSM-IV-TR provide
Axis I provided information about clinical disorders. Any mental health conditions, other than personality disorders or mental retardation
What information does Axis II in DSM-IV-TR provide
Axis II provided information about personality disorders and mental retardation
What information does Axis III in DSM-IV-TR provide
Axis III provided information about any medical conditions that were present which might impact the patient’s mental disorder or its management.
What information does Axis IV in DSM-IV-TR provide
Axis IV was used to describe psychosocial and environmental factors affecting the person
List some examples of disoders that would be listed in Axis I of DSM-IV-TR
Bipolar Disorder
Substance Related Disorder
List some examples of disoders that would be listed in Axis II of DSM-IV-TR
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Sleep Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
List some examples of disoders that would be listed in Axis III of DSM-IV-TR
Bronchial Asthma
List some examples of disoders that would be listed in Axis IV of DSM-IV-TR
Financial Stressors
What information does Axis V in DSM-IV-TR provide
Axis V was a rating scale called the Global Assessment of Functioning; the GAF went from 0 to 100 and provided a way to summarize in a single number just how well the person was functioning overall
What are the 6A s of the interview techniques, when interviewing a psychiatric patient
Appropriate question styles (open and closed) Attempt to build rapport Always show respect Achieve and demonstrate empathy Appropriate opening and closing Active listening
List four main types of mental disorders
Psychotic disorder
Major Depression
Anxiety Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Define Psychotic Disorders
They have a difficulty in differentiating what is real from what is not and experience delusions and hallucinations
What is a delusion
a fixed false belief that is not amenable to argument and is out of keeping with the individuals culture
a fixed false belief that is not amenable to argument and is out of keeping with the individuals culture
Delusion
What are hallucinations
A false sensory perception occuring in the absence of any relevant external stimulation of the sensory modality involved
A false sensory perception occuring in the absence of any relevant external stimulation of the sensory modality involved
Hallucinations
List four examples of psychotic disorders
Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform Disorder
Brief Psychotic Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
also Substance induced psychotic disorder delusional disorder shared psychotic disorder psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition
How is schizophrenia characterized
delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behaviour
also, affective flattening, alogia, avolition, anhedonia
what are the three phases of schizophrenia
prodromal, active, residual
How are the prodromal and residual phases of schizophrenia characterized
reduced forms of active symptoms
odd beliefs, magical thinking, self-care
What are 5 types of schizophrenia
paranoid disorganized cataconic undifferentiated residual
what are the childhood clinical presentations of schizophrenia
unexceptional in early childhood
What are the adolescent clinical presentations of schizophrenia
chnages in behaviour and personality and decrease in academic, social and interpersonal functioning
What are some clinical presentations of schizophrenia
Deficits in ability to pay attention Hallucinations and Delusions Loss of interest Poverty of speech Poorly dressed decresed emotional range Strange behaviour (hoarding, self-mutilation, sleep disturbance) unpredictably violent or bizzare
What is the management for schizophrenia
no cure
anti-psychotic medication
What can be observed in the mental status examination of the schizophrenic patient
oddly dressed poor hygiene delusions flat affect hallucinations thought block poor attention disorganized thinking odd movements orientation usually intact
What are the fivetypes of psychosocial therapy
Supportive therapy behaviour therapy group therapy family therapy social skills training
what is bipolar disorder
The disregulation of mood , attention and neurovegetative function
What are the domains of bipolar disorder
Manic Mood and Behaviour
Dysphoric or Negative Mood and Behaviour
Psychotic Sympotoms
Cognitive Symptoms
List some examples of Manic mood and behaviour in bipolar disorder
pressured speech excessive libido reduced need for sleep euphoria grandiosity impulsivity recklessness social intrusiveness
List some psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder
hallucinations
delusions
List some dysphoric/negative moods and behaviours seen in the bipolar patient
anxiety violence/suicide depression iritability hostility
List some cognitive symptoms of bipolar disorder
distractability
racing thoughts
inattentiveness
disorganization
List three therapeutic options for Bipolar Disorder
Anticonvulsants (mood stabilizers)
Lithium
Antipsychotics (conventional and atypical)
What are the characteristics of major depressive disorder
Sad Irritable empty tearful tense decreased pleasure/interest significant increase or decrease in appetite loss of energy restlessness reduced abiity to think, concentrate, remeber
What are some treatment options for MDD (major depressive disorder)
Medication
Psychotherapy/talk
combination
List four types of anxiety disorders
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Obsessive Complusive Disorder
Social Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Describe Panic Disorder
People with this disorder have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning
Describe Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Plagued by constant thoughts or fears that cause them to practice certain rituals.
Germophobe- excess hand washing
Describe Social Anxiety disorder
Overwhelming worry and self-conciousness about everyday social situations
Describe phobias
A specific phobia is an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as snales, heights or flying
Describe PTSD
This is a condition that can develop following a traumatic and/or terrifying event, such as a sexual or physical assault, the unexpected death of a loved one or a natural disaster
Describe Generalized Anxiety disorer
Ths disorder involves excessive unrealistic worry and tension, even if there is little or nothing to provoke the anxiety
List some symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder
restlessness easily fatigued difficulty concentrating muscle tension sleep disturbances
