Common knowledge Flashcards
What is the difference between פה שבעל תורה and שבכתב תורה?
TSBC–>written commandments + history book, groundwork for commentaries and such, given to Moshe @ Sinai, originally had details–>forgotten and reconstituted
TSBP–>orally given to Moshe at Sinai, fills in halachic gaps
Who compiled the משנה ?When? Why?
R Yehuda HaNasi –> 200 CE so he can give it to his students, Rav + Shmuel and pass it on in their two yeshivas in Bavel, etc…
What are the six sections of the משנה ?Please list each one and give a one-line summary of
what it’s about.
זרעים--agriculture מועד--holidays נשים--marriage/divorce (holds Kiddushin) נזיקין--damages/courts קדשים--korbanot/BHMK טהרות--purity and tum'a
Torah legacy
Moshe–>Yehoshua–>Zekainim–>Neviim–>Anshei Knesset HaGedolah–>(unsure from here but) tanaim–>amoraim–>סבוראים–>geonim–>rishonim–>achronim
Moshe + Yehoshua
M appointed Y who had to learn and pass down all Torah while leading.
Zekainim
elders, disciples of M+Y
How did the transition from Neviim–>Anshei Knesset HaGedolah happen?
oral torah wasn’t working, 1st BHMK destroyed, then galut in bavel so they can return to Israel but most remain in Bavel. 2nd BHMK built, no more prophecy. instead led by chachamim –> anshei knesset haGedolah –>
Anshei Knesset HaGedolah composition and legacy
last neviim and first chachamim
additional takanot and gzerot, mitzvot drabanan
over generations gets narrowed down to a few leaders
how was the 2nd bhmk destroyed? what happened to Torah?
Romans attack Jews and destroy 2nd BHMK; center of Torah moves to Yavneh but in 138 they try to overthrow romans–many Jews killed. Torah learning suffers and many return to Bavel. R Yehuda HaNasi reacts w Mishna.
What is a ברייתא?
tanaitic source not included in mishna
ברייתא composition
Midrash Halacha and tosefta
Midrash Halacha + composition
all psukim, halachot and mitzvot from midrash divided into 3 Michilta-->bereshit, shemot Sifra/Torat Kohanim-->Vayikra Sifrei-->Bamidbar + Devarim
Tosefta
collections of Baraitot organized similarly to Mishna
What is a תנא ?What is an אמורא?
תנא–all teachers of Torah until R Yehuda HaNasi, referred to as Rabi (unbroken authority chain)
אמורא–> everyone afterward including Gemara people, referred to as Rav (no semicha in Bavel)
Rav
R Yehuda HaNasi’s student, either last Tana or first Amorah