Common knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between פה שבעל תורה and שבכתב תורה?

A

TSBC–>written commandments + history book, groundwork for commentaries and such, given to Moshe @ Sinai, originally had details–>forgotten and reconstituted
TSBP–>orally given to Moshe at Sinai, fills in halachic gaps

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2
Q

Who compiled the משנה ?When? Why?

A

R Yehuda HaNasi –> 200 CE so he can give it to his students, Rav + Shmuel and pass it on in their two yeshivas in Bavel, etc…

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3
Q

What are the six sections of the משנה ?Please list each one and give a one-line summary of
what it’s about.

A
זרעים--agriculture
מועד--holidays
נשים--marriage/divorce (holds Kiddushin)
נזיקין--damages/courts
קדשים--korbanot/BHMK
טהרות--purity and tum'a
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4
Q

Torah legacy

A

Moshe–>Yehoshua–>Zekainim–>Neviim–>Anshei Knesset HaGedolah–>(unsure from here but) tanaim–>amoraim–>סבוראים–>geonim–>rishonim–>achronim

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5
Q

Moshe + Yehoshua

A

M appointed Y who had to learn and pass down all Torah while leading.

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6
Q

Zekainim

A

elders, disciples of M+Y

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7
Q

How did the transition from Neviim–>Anshei Knesset HaGedolah happen?

A

oral torah wasn’t working, 1st BHMK destroyed, then galut in bavel so they can return to Israel but most remain in Bavel. 2nd BHMK built, no more prophecy. instead led by chachamim –> anshei knesset haGedolah –>

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8
Q

Anshei Knesset HaGedolah composition and legacy

A

last neviim and first chachamim
additional takanot and gzerot, mitzvot drabanan
over generations gets narrowed down to a few leaders

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9
Q

how was the 2nd bhmk destroyed? what happened to Torah?

A

Romans attack Jews and destroy 2nd BHMK; center of Torah moves to Yavneh but in 138 they try to overthrow romans–many Jews killed. Torah learning suffers and many return to Bavel. R Yehuda HaNasi reacts w Mishna.

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10
Q

What is a ברייתא?

A

tanaitic source not included in mishna

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11
Q

ברייתא composition

A

Midrash Halacha and tosefta

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12
Q

Midrash Halacha + composition

A
all psukim, halachot and mitzvot from midrash
divided into 3
Michilta-->bereshit, shemot
Sifra/Torat Kohanim-->Vayikra
Sifrei-->Bamidbar + Devarim
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13
Q

Tosefta

A

collections of Baraitot organized similarly to Mishna

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14
Q

What is a תנא ?What is an אמורא?

A

תנא–all teachers of Torah until R Yehuda HaNasi, referred to as Rabi (unbroken authority chain)
אמורא–> everyone afterward including Gemara people, referred to as Rav (no semicha in Bavel)

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15
Q

Rav

A

R Yehuda HaNasi’s student, either last Tana or first Amorah

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16
Q

What is a מימרא?

A

something an amorah said, turns into a well compiled book and edited for consistency (tanu rabanan and b’chtiv)

17
Q

Sura and Pumbedita

A

two main yeshivot

18
Q

What is the דגמרא סתמא?

A

dialect of Gemara, makes it flow (=editors put in narrative)

19
Q

Which אמוראים began the formal process of compiling the גמרא?

A

R Ashi and Ravina take all traditions and convos from Sura and Pumbedita and compile/begin writing them down
500-700 CE ish

20
Q

Who are the סבוראים?

A

editors and opinions that helped after Talmud originally written down

21
Q

Talmud Yerushalmi

A

process had already ended in 400 CE in Israel but not nearly as well edited or copied over and not many learn it bc it’s v messy and difficult

22
Q

Geonim

A

post סבוראים
700-1040
leaders of Sura (which is still going!)
invent שו׳׳ת and explain according to Gemara

23
Q

שו׳׳ת

A

שאלות ותשובות

question and answer style learning dear abby style invented by geonim

24
Q

Rishonim

A

after 1040, split btwn Ashkenaz and Sephardim (fun fact: I always wanted to be Sephard bc kitniyot and generally better food)
wrote שו׳׳ת and commentaries on Tanach and Gemara
invented codes

25
Q

codes

A

major source in deciding halacha—highly organized bottom line halacha

26
Q

רי׳׳ף

A

R Yitzchak Alfasi starts codes 1013–1103

27
Q

Who is the Rambam include his full name)? When did he live? What major halakhic work did
he write? How many sections does it have?

A

R Moshe b Maimon
wrote first real code–Mishna Torah, 14 parts
1135-1204
(lol what about Moreh Nevuchim??)

28
Q

What is the טור ?Who wrote it?

A

codes only about practical halacha for the time pd organized into 4 parts
R Yaakov b Asher, רא׳׳ש
1269-1343

29
Q

R Yosef Karo

A

wrote the code שולחן ערוך and Beit Yosef (a commentary on the Tur)
1488-1575
either last Rishon or first Acharon

30
Q

Shulchan Aruch/Tur sections and summaries

published year…

A
אורח חיים––timeline of day/year
יורה דעה--   איסור והתר
אבן העזר -- marriage and divorce 
חושן משפט -- court/monetary law 
published 1563
31
Q

Who is the רמ׳׳א) include his full name)? What did he write?

A
R Moshe Isserles
wrote a code for Ashkenaz halacha 
comments differences for Ashkenaz
1520-1572
הגה are the words by which he's always introduced
32
Q

What is the משנה ברורה ?Who wrote it?

A

modern day piskei halacha and commentary on Orach Chaim (Shulchan Aruch) by R Yisrael Meir Kagan (aka Chofetz Chaim, name of a different one of his sefarim)
pub. 1904

33
Q

אחרונים

A

שו׳׳ת and commentaries on Gemara, analysis of Rishonim (supercommentaries), Torah commentaries