Common injuries of the knee Flashcards
1
Q
Knee function
A
- Posterior and anterior guide
- Largest joint in the body
- Loose packed position is 20-30 degrees flexion
- Closed packed position is full extension with lateral rotation
2
Q
Quadriceps considerations
A
- Impacts knee and hip
- Provides dynamic restraint for the knee
- Rectus femurs assists in hip flexion and position must be considered in knee rehabilitation
3
Q
Hamstring considerations
A
- Hamstrings flex knee, extend hip and cause tibial rotation
- Biceps femoris: lateral tip rotation
- Semi men and tend: medial tip rotation
4
Q
Extensor lag
A
- Full passive motion present but active extension is poor
- Terminal extension, difficult for weakened quads
5
Q
Equipment: Braces
A
- Prophylactic (prevent or reduce severity of injury)
- Rehabilitative (restrics ROM)
- Functional (improves stability)
6
Q
Considerations in knee management
A
- Fatigue reduces knee proprioceptive function
- Agility requires proprioceptive feedback for proper execution
- Organisation of agility: introduce it early
7
Q
Common injuries
A
- ACL
- PLC
- MCL/LCL
- Meniscus
- PFPS
- Patella tendinitis
- Hamstring strains
8
Q
ACL
A
- Maximum stress at 90 degrees flex or full extension
- Grade III surgical repair
- Graft from either patella tendon or medial hamstring tendon
9
Q
PCL
A
- Not frequently surgically repaired
- Only reconstruct if unstable or other structures are effected
- Reconstructions using semi-tend, patella tendon or medial gastrocnemius
10
Q
MCL/LCL
A
- More frequent
- Rarely surgically repaired
- Except if instability from MCL and ACL
- Even then, may only repair ACL
11
Q
Meniscal
A
- No longer complete removal
- Isolated meniscal injuries do not cause instability
- Isolated tears and to be degenerative
- Lateral repairs have a greater success
12
Q
Dislocations and subluxations
A
- Crutches but weight baring to tolerance
- Immobiliser brace progress to functional (patella) brace
- All exercises should be pain free
- Average recovery time 4-10 weeks
13
Q
Patellofemoral pain symptoms
A
Causes:
- Direct trauma
- Tightness in ITB, hamstrings and gastrocnemius
- Weakness in VMO
- Imbalance of VMO v VL
- Excessive pronation
- Increased Q-angle
- Knee hyperextension
14
Q
Early criteria
A
- Resolution of active inflammatory process
- Pain-free functional active ROM
- Normalised pain-free gait
- Good voluntary muscle action
15
Q
Intermediate criteria
A
- No effusion
- Full ROM
- Good squat control
- Balance
