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Phys Rehab Comp Med 2023 > Common Injuries and Sports Medicine in Companion Animals > Flashcards

Common Injuries and Sports Medicine in Companion Animals Flashcards

1
Q

What history questions should you ask for canine athletes

A
  • Age at which they started training: Higher risk of injury with high impact/repetitive training before maturity
  • Gonadectomy Status: Predisposed to orthopedic injury if neutered before reaching puberty
  • Activity Level: How often and how long are they training
  • Diet/Supplements
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2
Q

Low impact activities

A

Rally and conformation

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3
Q

Common injuries in Agility

A

Soft tissue injuries – shoulder, iliopsoas strains and CCL

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4
Q

Common injuries in obedience

A

Shoulders – usually the left due to chronic uneven weight distribution, head always looks
to right at the owner

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5
Q

Common injuries in Flyball

A

Chronic repetitive stress injuries – shoulder, carpus, iliopsoas, MSS, hip arthritis

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6
Q

Common injuries Dock diving

A

Back pain and hips

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7
Q

Common injuries in Feild trials/ hunt trials

A

Feet, carpus and shoulders, arthritis, carpal hyperextension

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8
Q

Common injuries in working dogs

A

Mainly related to overuse and repetitive stress or trauma

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9
Q

Common Conditions and Surgical Interventions (Hip)

A
  • Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy (FHO)
  • Total Hip Replacement (THR)
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10
Q

Common Conditions and Surgical Interventions (stifle)

A
  • Extracapsular Suture Repair
  • Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)
  • Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA)
  • Tibial Tuberosity Transposition (TTT)
  • Patella Groove Replacement (PGR)
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11
Q

Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy (FHO)

A

Salvage procedure, excision arthroplasty – femoral head and neck are removed
* Creates a pseudoarthrosis (false joint) –
formed from fibrous tissue
* Treatment – severe OA, irreparable fracture
involving the joint, severe/recurrent joint
luxation, or congenital joint deformities
* Complications – incorrect ostectomy (bone-
on-bone contact)

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12
Q

FHO Prognosis

A
  • Good
  • Patients can return to daily function, however normal gait and function are not achieved due to biomechanical changes
  • Specifically hip extension remains limited – patient will be able to walk and trot mostly normal
  • Functional shortening of the limb is expected and slight gait
    abnormality
  • More difficult recovery process for larger patients
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13
Q

FHO rehab considerations

A

Control Pain:
* Usually need NSAIDs longer than most post-
operative patients, during entire recovery period (up to 3 months)
* Consider Gabapentin

Maintain range of motion
* Need to start immediately to prevent too much fibrosis
* Active stretching exercises AROM, PROM, stretching

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14
Q

When should you start rehab for an FHO

A

Immediately

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15
Q

Total Hip Replacement (THR)

A
  • Salvage procedure – femoral head is removed and replaced
    with a femoral prosthesis and the acetabulum is replaced
    with a prosthetic acetabular cup
  • Eliminates the joint therefore eliminating joint-associated
    pain
  • Treatment – severe OA
  • Complications – luxation, infection, fracture, implant
    failure/loosening
  • Prognosis: Very Good to Excellent
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16
Q

Total Hip rehab considerations

A

Prevent post-surgical luxation and promote tissue regeneration

  • Hip dislocation is the most common complication
  • Extreme care should be used up to 3 months post-operative
  • CAUTION with rehabilitation – no Abduction/Adduction, leg should ONLY move in a sagittal plane
  • Owner education important – some surgeons do not even instruct owners to perform PROM at home bc of this
17
Q

What can’t you do in rehab with a total hip

A

no Abduction/Adduction, leg should ONLY move in a sagittal plane

18
Q

Luxation can happen up to _________ post of from a total hip

A

3 months

19
Q

THR-Rehab limb function

A

Week 2-10: Limb placement
* Early limb use can be encouraged with gentle weight shifting exercises
* Mandatory slow leash walks ONLY starting with 5 minutes

Week 10-12: begin limb strengthening
* Usually do not begin until recheck radiographs are taken and surgeon clears the patient for re-introduction

20
Q

Menisci

A
  • Between condyles of femur and tibia
  • Medial meniscus - connected to tibia and medial collateral ligament
  • Lateral meniscus – connected to tibia, allowing for higher range of motion
21
Q

Cranial cruciate ligament

A

prevents “cranial drawer” or cranial displacement of tibia and internal rotation of tibia towards the femur

22
Q

Caudal cruciate ligament

A

prevents “caudal drawer” or caudal displacement of tibia toward femur

23
Q

Lateral Fabellar Suture (LFS)

A
  • Extracapsular stabilization technique – use
    of heavy gauge synthetic suture is wrapped
    around the lateral Fabella and through a pre-drilled hole in the proximal tibia in a
    figure-8 pattern
  • prevents cranial displacement of the tibia
  • Scar tissue will eventually form over the joint for long-term stabilization

Prognosis is good

24
Q

Lateral Fabellar Suture (LFS) Rehab considerations

A
  • Control Inflammation
  • TENS and massage to reduce edema
  • Control Pain
  • Improve range of motion
  • PROM should start on Day 1
  • Therapeutic U/S
25
Q

Lateral Fabellar Suture (LFS) Rehab Limb ROM and Function

A

Day 1: begin PROM immediately

Week 2: add in gentle passive stretching, UWTM intro
* Avoid extreme flexion and extension

Week 4-5: add in more active range of motion
* Cavaletti poles
* Continue to avoid extreme flexion and extension
* No stair climbing until week 5-6

26
Q

When can LFS patients climb stairs?

A

not until week 5/6

27
Q

TPLO and TTA Rehabilitation

A

Both techniques are osteotomy procedures that alter the
biomechanics of the joint in order to provide dynamic
stabilization
* Rehabilitation is similar to Extracapsular Repair with some precautions
* Can begin UWTM as early as 2 weeks post-op

28
Q

TPLO and TTA Prognosis

A
  • Good to excellent
  • Return to full function
29
Q

TPLO and TTA Rehab considerations

A
  • Caution: Avoid TENS or Laser directly over the plate
  • Avoid extreme flexion/extension until Week 6
  • Until Week 8-10: Avoid increased loading exercises until radiographs show appropriate bone healing and surgeon releases to increase activity
  • Patient should NOT be walking any longer than 20 minutes 2x/day until recheck radiographs
30
Q

Patella luxation repair

A

Tibial Tuberosity Transposition and trochlear wedge
recession (TTT)
* Surgical correction to deepen the patella groove and
change the position of the tibia in order to correct the
tracking of the patella ligament over the patella groove

31
Q

TTT: Prognosis

A

Prognosis:
* Long-term success is varied
* Depends on the severity of the grade
* Often luxation reoccurs at a lesser severity

Complications:
* Implant loosening

32
Q

TTT – Rehab Considerations

A

Improve Range of Motion
* Caution: sagittal plane only

Week 2-4: heavier limb use can begin with caution
* Avoid exercises that cause extreme flexion and
extension, explosive activity, jumping, running, active
play

Week 6-8:
* Gradually increase to higher impact activity
* Stairs, inclines, weave poles

Phys Rehab Comp Med 2023 (7 decks)

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