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Injuries > Common injuries > Flashcards

Common injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is a common ankle injury?

A

Achilles Tendinopathy

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2
Q

Who has the greatest risk of getting Achilles tendinopathy and how many times greater?

A

15 times greater risk in runners and 30 times greater risk as they age compared to non-active individuals

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3
Q

What are the COMMON causes of Achilles tendinopathy?

A

Midportion tendinopathy (including tendinosis with or without partial tears).
Insertional Achilles tendinopathy.

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4
Q

What are the THREE stages of tendinopathy?

A

REACTIVE TENDINOPATHY
TENDON DISREPAIR
DEGENERATIVE TENDINOPATHY

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5
Q

What are three causes of Achilles tendinopathy?

A

An overuse injury.
Using badly designed equipment, including footwear.
Training on sloping surfaces.

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6
Q

What are two symptoms of Achilles tendinopathy?

A

Pain in the heel (may be an ache or sharp pain, which feels worse after activity).
Swelling at the back of the ankle.

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7
Q

What is one of the most common knee injury?
What kind of athletes are most prone to getting it?

A

ACL sprain or tear.
Athletes who participate in high-demand sports like soccer, football, and basketball are more prone to getting it.

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8
Q

What are the THREE grades of a ligament sprain? Describe each.

A

Grade 1 - ligament is mildly damaged. Slightly stretched, but still able to keep the knee joint stable.
Grade 2 - stretches the ligament to the point where it becomes loose. often referred to as a partial tear.
Grade 3 - complete tear. The ligament has been torn in half and pulled directly off the bone, knee joint is unstable.

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9
Q

What THREE bones make up the knee?

A

Femur (thighbone).
Tibia (shinbone).
Patella (kneecap).

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10
Q

What does MCL and LCL stand for and where are they in the knee?

A

MCL - Medial Collateral Ligament is on the inside.
LCL - Lateral Collateral Ligament is on the outside.

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11
Q

What does ACL and PCL stand for and where are they in the knee, and what do they make when they cross over each other?

A

ACL - Anterior Cruciate Ligament is at the front of the knee.
PCL - Posterior Cruciate Ligament is at the back of the knee.
When they cross over each other they form an X.

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12
Q

What are THREE causes of an ACL injury?

A

Slowing down whilst running.
Landing from a jump incorrectly.
Stopping suddenly.

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13
Q

What are FOUR symptoms of an ACL injury?

A

Pain with swelling - within 24 hours.
Loss of full range of motion.
Tenderness along the joint line.
Discomfort whilst walking.

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14
Q

Which two imaging tests may a doctor use to confirm diagnosis of an ACL injury?

A

X-rays.
MRI scan.

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15
Q

What are the FOUR muscles in the hip and groin, where do they originate and where do they insert?

A

Semimembranosus - upper ischial tuberosity - posteromedial medial tibial condyle.
Semitendinosus - lower medial lateral ischial tuberosity - medial condyle of tibia.
Bicep femoris (long head) - medial ischial tuberosity - head of fibula.
Bicep femoris - lower lateral liner aspera - head of fibula.

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16
Q

What are the SIX types of tears?

A

0a.
0b.
1 (mild).
2 (moderate).
3 (extensive).
4 (complete tear).

16
Q

What are the THREE types of injuries in the hamstring?

A

ACUTE INJURY - direct result of an impact or traumatic event with sudden onset of pain.
OVERUSE INJURY - result of exposure to inappropriately high training load and/or volume over an extended period.
CHRONIC INJURY - reinjury of the same muscle site due to a reduction in function and/or a lack of appropriate healing and rehabilitation.

17
Q

What are THREE modifiable risk factors of a hip and groin injury?

A

Fatigue.
Flexibility.
High-speed running load.

18
Q

What are the TWO un-modifiable risk factors of a hip and groin injury?

A

Age.
Previous injury.

19
Q

What is ONE of the things the spine is responsible for?

A

Protecting your spinal cord

20
Q

How many segments make up the spine?

A

3

21
Q

How many vertebrae are in each segment of the spine?

A

Cervical spine - 7 small vertebrae that begin at the base of the skull and end at the upper chest.
Thoracic spine - 12 vertebrae that start from the upper chest and end in the middle of the back and connect to the rib cage.
Lumbar spine - 5 larger vertebrae. They are larger because they carry more of the body’s weight.

22
Q

What does an injury to the spinal cord often cause?

A

Permanent changes in strength, feeling and other body functions below the site of the injury

23
Q

The ability to control your arms and legs after a spinal cord injury depends on which TWO factors?

A

1 - where the injury occurred in the spinal cord.
2 - how bad the injury is.

24
Q

How can the ‘completeness’ of the injury be classified as?

A

COMPLETE - if all feeling and all ability to control movement are lost below the spinal cord injury.
INCOMPLETE - if some feeling and control of movement remain below the affect area.

25
Q

What are THREE symptoms of a spine injury?

A

Loss of bowel or bladder control.
Loss of movement.
Trouble breathing, coughing or clearing secretions from the lungs.

26
Q

What are TWO causes of a spine injury?

A

A sudden, traumatic blow to the spine can fracture, dislocate, crush or compress one or more of the vertebrae.
A gunshot or knife wound that penetrates and cuts the spinal cord can also cause a spinal cord injury.

27
Q

What is the percentage of shoulder injuries in swimming?

A

47-90%

28
Q

What THREE bones make up the shoulder?

A

Collarbone (clavicle).
Upper arm bone (humerus).
Shoulder blade (scapula).

29
Q

What runs around the edge of the shoulder socket?

A

The labrum

30
Q

What are the TWO types of dislocations?

A

COMPLETE DISLOCATION - the joint surfaces are completely separated.
PARTIAL DISLOCATION - the joint surfaces are only partially separated, also called a subluxation.

31
Q

When does the shoulder sliding forwards (anterior) occur?

A

When the shoulder dislocates while the arm is raised away from the body.

32
Q

When does the shoulder sliding backwards (posterior) occur?

A

When the shoulder dislocates while the arm is raised in front of the body. Usually happens following a seizure.

33
Q

What are SIX of the symptoms of a shoulder injury?

A

Deformity.
Swelling.
Numbness.
Weakness.
Bruising.
Pain - you may experience muscle spasms from the dislocation, and this can make it hurt more.

34
Q

What are the TWO different tears of the rotator cuff?

A

PARTIAL TEAR - does not completely detach the tendon from the bone.
FULL-THICKNESS TEAR - there is detachment of part of the tendon from the bone.

35
Q
A

Injuries (1 decks)

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