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Maternal OB > Common Gynecological Disease > Flashcards

Common Gynecological Disease Flashcards

Chapter 4

1
Q

Mentrual Disorder

Amenorrhea

A

No menses

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2
Q

Mentrual Disorder

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful period

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3
Q

Mentrual Disorder

Prementrual Syndrome

A

Mood swings

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4
Q

Mentrual Disorder

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

A

excessive, prolonged bleeding

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5
Q

Mentrual Disorder

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PDD)

A

Severe PMS that leads to depression

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6
Q

Mentrual Disorder

Endometriosis

A

Thickening of the uterus

Risk factors: infertillity, scar tissue; eggs and sperm are unable to penetrate (implantation)

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7
Q

Common Symptoms of Menopause

Premenopause

A

Cramps, anxiety, mood swings, irritatibility, nausea

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8
Q

Common Symptoms of Menopause

Perimenopause

A

Vaginal dryness, mood swingsm hot flashes, loss of libido, irregular periods

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9
Q

Common Symptoms of Menopause

Menopause

A

Hot flashes, loss of libido, night sweats, irregular periods

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10
Q

Common Symptoms of Menopause

Postmenopause

A

Inscreased risk of osteoporosis, Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), UTI

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11
Q

Medical Abortion

Misoprostol and Mifepristone Tablets

A
  1. Use misopristone to stop baby from growing.
  2. Adminsiter misopristol (cytotec) 24-48 hours afterwards for the uterus to dilate, contract, and expulse.
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12
Q

Abortion Procedure

Dilation & Curettage (D&C)

A

Cervix is dilated, then products are removed by suction.
Uterus is gently scraped by cutterage.
20 minutes procedure.

*Vacuum Aspiration can follow D&C to remove remnants. Complications: bleeding, retained tissue, cervical repair, infection.

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13
Q

Permanent Contraceptive

Vasectomy

Purpose & Pt. Education

A

Sterilzation for men with local anesthesia.
Vas deferens is cut out.

Post-Op Client Education:
* Patient must send sperm sample for 8-16 weeks until there is no sperm count.

*However procedure is eventually reversible.

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14
Q

Permanent Contraceptive

Tubal Ligation

A

Sterilization for women.
Fallopian tubes are either…
- cut and cauterized
- tied and cut
- clipped or banded

POST-OP Client Ed.: 3 months of contraception.

Complication: The surgucal cut cauterizes.

*This procedure is not recommended for younger women, because their cells regenerate quickly.

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15
Q

Abortion Procedure

Vacuum Aspiration

Most Comon Method & Potential Complications

A

Usage of vacuum source to remove and embryo or fetus.

Potential Complications include:
* Fever 100.4 F
* Chills
* Heavy bleeding
* Smelly discharge
* Severe abdominal pain or tenderness

*Includes anesthesia

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16
Q

Emergency Contraception

Progestin Pill - Plan B

A
  • Prevents implantation and does not disrupt implanted preganancy.

How to use:
* Take within 72-120 hourse after unprotected sex.
* Administer 1.5 mg.

17
Q

Emergency Contraception

Ulipristal Acetate (UPA) - Ella

A

An oral progesterone receptor agonist–antagonist.
* Take 120 hours post unprotected sex.
* Admnister 30 mg.

*Prescription required.

18
Q

Potential Complication of Intrauterine Device (IUD)

P.A.I.N.S.

A
  • Period irregularities
  • Abdominal pain (dyspareunia)
  • Infection (abnormal discharge)
  • Not feeling well
  • String missing
19
Q

Hormonal Contraceptive

The Nova Ring

A

A ring-shaped, flexible contraceptive inserted inside the vagina.
* Must be the inserted by the HCP after first time use.
* 99.7% effective
* S/S: Vaginal discharge.
* S/E: ring odor, expulsion.

*can still get pregnant

20
Q

Hormonal Contraceptive

Transdermal Patch

A

Sticker that seeps into the subcutaneous tissue to prevent the egg joining the sperm.

Pt. Ed:
- Rotate patches around different areas for every replacement.
- Most be worn for three weeks.

*prescription is required.

21
Q

Hormonal Contraceptive

Mini Pill

(ORAL)

A
  • Progesterone only.
  • Given in lower dose.
  • Can use while breastfeeding.

*DOES NOT PROTECT against STIs

22
Q

Signs of Potential Complication of Oral Contraceptives

A.C.H.E.S.

A
  • Abdominal pain (gallbladder/liver)
  • Chest pain (SOB, blood clot, PE)
  • Headaches (sudden or constant CVA/HTN)
  • Eye problems (vascular or HTN)
  • Severe leg pain (DVT)
23
Q

Hormonal Contraceptive

Depo-Provera Injection

IM Injection

A
  • Consists of **progestin **that injected to the woman’s arm or butt.
  • Effective for 12 weeks.
  • Safest option for the mother.

S/E: wt gain, ACHE, and depression

*DOES NOT protect against STIs, must be prescribed.

24
Q

Hormonal Contraceptive

Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) IUD

Hormonal vs. Nonhormonal, Nurse Considerations

A
  • “T” Shaped
  • Hormonal IUD (minera) - lasts for 3 to 7 years
  • Nonhormonal (Copper)* - lasts for 10 years

Nursing Considerations
- teach patient for presence of string (during ADLs)

*IUD feels like menstrual cramps

25
Q

Hormonal Contraceptive

The Pill

Benefits, Contradindications, Nurse Implications

A

Benefits:
- decreased menses
- decreased risk for iron deficiency anemia
- regulated menstual cycle
- decreased S/S in PMS
- improves acne
- protects against ovarian/endometrial cycle
- decreases in benign breast disease

Contraindications
- Hx of thromboembolic disorders, cerebrovacular/ heart disease, breast cancer, gallbladder disease, pregancy, liver disease, smoker (>35 y/o), HTN, Diabetes (>20 years)

Nursing Implications
- If one pill is missed, take one ASAP. Then use a back contraceptive (i.e. condoms)

*Birth control can increase blood clots.

26
Q

Client Education for Hormonal Method

A
  • COC: estrogen and progesterone
  • Hormonal pill supresses ovulation
  • Thickens cervical mucus
  • Alters uterine lining to prevent implantation
  • Observe for adverse effects
  • Take pill ASAP if pilled missed and use a back up.
  • Herbals (i.e St. John’s disease) decreases effectiveness.
  • AntiTB, antifungals, anticonvulsants, anti-HIV, and protease inhibitors decrease effectiveness.
27
Q

When to use procedural and medicinal methods for abortion?

D&C, Vacuum Aspiration, and Medices

Abortion: The interuption of pregnancy before 20 weeks of gestation. Types: Elective; Spontaneous (Miscarriage)

A
  • Before 12 to 13 weeks of gestation use abortion pills (misopristol and mifepristone).
  • After the 12th or 13th week, remove remnants from D&C and/or V.A.
28
Q

Barrier Method

Condoms

For both females and males.

A
  • Female Condoms: Made of polyurethane (95% effective)
  • Male Condoms: latex or plastic (98% effective)
29
Q

Barrier Method

Diaphragm

A

Replace every 1-2 years and/ or after 10 lbs weight gain or loss; abdominal surgery or pregnancy.
Must be inserted 2 hours and stay 6 hours afterwards, but no longer than 24 hours.
Use spermicide.

*Prevents STIs

30
Q

Barrier Method

Cervical Caps

A
  • Can be inserted 36 hours prior intercourse.
  • Can be changed after one year.
  • Must go to HCP for fitting.

*Prevents STIs

31
Q

Barrier Method

Contraceptive Sponge

A
  • Insert 24 hours prior intercourse
  • No fitting is required by HCP

*DOES NOT prevent STIs

32
Q

Behavorial Contraceptive

Abstinance

A

Not have intercourse - at all.

33
Q

Behavorial Awareness

Fertility Awareness

Cervical Mucus, Ovulation, Basal Body Temp, Symptothermal, Standard Days, 2 Day Methods

A
  • Cervical Mucus Ovulation Method: observe vagina for jelly like symptoms
  • Basal Body Temp: Assess increase in body temp by 0.5 to 1 degrees up to three days during ovulation
  • Symptothermal: combination of cervical and basal methos
  • Standard Days: county days to most fertile
  • 2 Day Methods: noting to see if fertile by looking at secretions on days 1 and 2
34
Q

Behavorial Method

Withrawal Method (Coiptus Interuptus)

A

Pulling out penis prior ejaculation.

35
Q

Behavorial Method

Lactational Amenorrhea Method

A

The mother with no menses continuously breast feed until unable to get pregnant.

36
Q

Infertility

Manifestations & Nurse Interventions

A

Manifestations
- Overweight, STIs, genetics, thyroids, abortions, amenorrhea, drugs, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (POCs), smoking

Nursing Interventions
- Infertility leads to stress, and vice versa.
- Explain the role of the genetic counselor, reproductive specialist etc.
- Allow couples to express feelings
- Monitor the use of medications*
- Help consider options

*using medications puts future at risk for multiple birth defects

Maternal OB (12 decks)

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