Common Eye Patholgies Flashcards
How is glaucoma formed?
excess accumulation of aqueous humor in anterior chamber
what is the most common type of glaucoma?
open angle glaucoma
what is closed angle glaucoma and how is it treated?
when the iris is squeezed against the cornea, which blocks drainage. Can be treated with an iridectomy.
How are cataracts formed?
by the breakdown of proteins and fibers in the eye lens.
What type of cataract usually occurs on the interior lens and is age related?
senile cataracts
What is the most common surgery for cataracts and how is it done?
phacoemulsification. achieved by high frequency vibrations that softens and breaks up the lens into small pieces to be sucked out.
What is extracapsular cataract surgery?
incision in the nucleus of the lens that can be removed all in one piece. while the posterior half of the outer lens covering is left in place.
is intracapsular cataract surgery often performed?
rarely performed. reserved for advanced cataract development or trauma. the entire lens and its capsule are removed through one large incision.
what is macular degeneration?
destruction of fovea centralis
What type of macular degeneration occurs when blood or fluid leaks into the macula?
wet macular degeneration
what is dry macular degeneration?
atrophy and deterioration of macula. no known treatment.
What causes retinal detachment?
when vitreous humor leaks behind the retina and causes it to detach from the choroid, causing a blind spot.
What are some causes for retinal detachment?
eye injury, age, diabetic retinopathy, or macular degeneration.
what retinal detachment surgery is for minor cases and uses lasers to create a preventative scar?
photocoagulation surgery
what type of retinal detachment surgery is used for medium/large tears using a gas bubble and freeze tool?
pneumatic retinopexy
