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Common Drugs Flashcards

Important need-to-know drugs

1
Q

ACE Inhibitor impact the..

A

Cardiovascular system

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2
Q

ACE Inhibitors generic names

A

“pril”: captopril; enalapril; lisinopril

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3
Q

ACE Inhibitors brand names

A

Capoten; Vasotec; Prinivil

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4
Q

ACE Inhibitors side effects

A

*cough; hypotension

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5
Q

ACE Inhibitors severe effects

A

Angioedema; Agranulocytosis

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6
Q

ACE Inhibitors–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

*Obtain BP before administering–hold typically if SBP <90; Change position slowly–especially with elderly to prevent orthostatic hypotension; monitor for decreased WBC count, hyperkalemia as well as liver function, and GFR, creatinine (metabolized by liver–excreted by kidneys)

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7
Q

Beta Blockers impact the…

A

Cardiovascular system

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8
Q

Beta Blockers generic names

A

“olol”: atenolol; metoprolol; propranolol

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9
Q

Beta Blockers brand names

A

Tenormin; Lopressor; Inderal

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10
Q

Beta Blockers side effects

A

fatigue, weakness

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11
Q

Beta Blockers severe effects

A

bradycardia; CHF; pulmonary edema

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12
Q

Beta Blockers–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Obtain BP and HR before administering–hold typically is SBP <90 and HR <60; change position slowly–especially with elderly to prevent orthostatic hypotension; contraindicated in worsening CHF, bradycardia of heart block…use with caution in diabetes, liver disease

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13
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers impact the…

A

cardiovascular system

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14
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers generic name

A

Amlodipine; diltiazem; nifedipine; verapamil

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15
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers brand names

A

Norvasc; Cardizem; Procardia; Calan

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16
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers side effects

A

peripheral edema

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17
Q

Calcium Chanel Blockers severe effects

A

cardiac arrhythmias; CHF

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18
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Change position slowly–especially with elderly to prevent orthostatic hypotension; measure I&O closely and fluid status due to potential for edema; monitor liver and kidney function (metabolized in liver–excreted in kidneys); Obtain BP and HR before administering–hold typically if SBP <90 and HR <60

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19
Q

Vasodilators impact the…

A

Cardiovascular system

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20
Q

Vasodilators generic names

A

hydralazine; isosorbide; nitroglycerine

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21
Q

Vasodilators brand names

A

Apresoline; Isordil; Tridil

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22
Q

Vasodilators side effects

A

dizziness; headache; hypotension; tachycardia

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23
Q

Vasodilators–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A
  • Tolerance common and serious problem with long acting nitrates. Nitrates lose their effectiveness if transdermal patches remain on continually. Patches must be taken off at night and then reapplied in the morning.
  • Contraindicated if client taking any erectile dysfunction meds as these are a similar nitrate that improves blood circulation to the penis–synergistic effect can cause dramatic hypotension
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24
Q

Blood Pressure Agents

A

Vasodilators; Calcium Channel Blockers; Ace Inhibitors; Beta Blockers

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25
Q

Cholesterol Binding Agents

A

Statins

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26
Q

Statins impact the

A

cardiovascular system

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27
Q

Statins generic names

A

lovastatin; rosuvastatin; simvastatin; atorvastatin

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28
Q

Statins brand names

A

Mevacor; crestor; zocor; lipitor

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29
Q

Statins side effects

A

abdominal cramps; constipation; diarrhea; heartburn; rashes

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30
Q

Statins severe effect

A

rhabdomyolosis

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31
Q

Statins–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Give with or without food; Can cause liver injury/damage–watch AST-alk phos, bili levels closely; can cause muscle injury/damage. If CPK elevated DC use

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32
Q

Heart Rhythm Stabilizers

A

Class III antiarrythmics; digitalis

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33
Q

Class III Arrhythmic meds impact the

A

cardiovascular system

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34
Q

Class III Arrhythmic generic name

A

amiodarone

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35
Q

Class III Arrhythmic brand name

A

Cordorone

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36
Q

Class III Arrhythmic side effects

A

dizziness; fatigue; malaise; ataxia; bradycardia

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37
Q

Class III Arrhythmic severe effect

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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38
Q

Class III Arrhythmic meds–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

*Watch for QT prolongation–can lead to VT/VF with IV; assess HR before giving–hold if <60 with IV; Can cause pulmonary toxicity with chronic use–assess for crackles, diminished breath sounds, fatigue, pleuritic chest pain; Assess for neurotoxicity (ataxia, muscle weakness, tingling in fingers/toes, tremors); Assess for signs of thyroid dysfunction (lethargy, weight gain, edema…HYPOTHYROIDISM or tachycardia, weight loss, nervousness–HYPERTHYROIDISM); Monitor liver labs (AST-ALT-bili) and thyroid labs (T3/T4)

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39
Q

Digitalis impacts the

A

cardiovascular system

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40
Q

Digitalis generic name

A

digoxin

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41
Q

Digitalis brand name

A

Lanoxin

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42
Q

Digitalis side effects

A

fatigue; bradycardia; anorexia; N/V

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43
Q

Digitalis sever effect

A

arrythmias

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44
Q

Digitalis–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Apical pulse for 1 minute before giving–hold if <60; increase fall risk for elderly–assess closely; Monitor K+, Mg+, Ca+ levels closely–if these are low more likely to become a digoxin toxic. Elderly more likely; Assess serum levels of digoxin (norm 0.5-2.0); Assess for TOXICITY–abdominal pain, anorexia, N/V, bradycardia, visual changes)

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45
Q

Diuretics

A

Loop; K+ Sparring; Thiazides

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46
Q

Loop diuretics impact the

A

cardiovascular system

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47
Q

Loop diuretics generic name

A

furosemide

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48
Q

Loop diuretics brand name

A

Lasix

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49
Q

Loop diuretics side effects

A

dehydration; hypovolemia; hypokalemia; hyponatremia; hypomagnesemia

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50
Q

Loop diuretics–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Change position slowly–especially with elderly to prevent orthostatic hypotension; Obtain BP before administering–hold typically if SBP <90; Monitor sodium and K+ levels closely as well as GFR and creatinine; Assess for signs of hypokalemia (weakness-fatigue-increased PVC’s on cardiac monitor)

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51
Q

Potassium Sparring Diuretics generic name

A

spironlactone

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52
Q

Potassium Sparring Diuretics brand name

A

Aldactone

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53
Q

Potassium Sparring Diuretics side effect

A

hyperkalemia

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54
Q

Potassium Sparring Diuretics-Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Aldactone and ACE Inhibitors can cause resultant hyperkalemia; If on Aldactone–make sure does not use potassium base salt substitutes or foods rich in K+

55
Q

Thiazides generic name

A

hydrochlorothiazide

56
Q

Thiazides brand name

57
Q

Thiazides side effect

A

hypokalemia

58
Q

Thiazides–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Monitor BP, I&O, daily weight and for presence of edema; If on DIGOXIN, assess closely for signs of digoxin toxicity since they are at higher risk of developing because of the K+ depleting effects of the diuretic; Monitor K+, Na+, Mg+ and creatinine levels closely

59
Q

Anticoagulants impact the

60
Q

Anticoagulants generic names

A

warfarin; heparin (IV/SQ); Lovenox (SQ)

61
Q

Anticoagulants brand names

A

Coumadin (warfarin); Heparin; Lovenox

62
Q

Warfarin severe side effect

A

GI bleeding most common

63
Q

Warfarin–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Assess for bleeding: tarry black, or maroon stools, nosebleeds, bruising, hematuria; Monitor Hbg, INT (therapeutic range 2-3 for anticoagulation); Excreted by liver–assess AST/ALT

64
Q

Heparin/Lovenox side effects

A

anemia; thrombocytopenia

65
Q

Heparin/Lovenox severe effect

66
Q

Heparin/Lovenox–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Assess for bleeding: tarry black, or maroon stools, nosebleeds, bruising, hematuria; Administer SQ in abd, NOT proximal to umbilicus; Assess for decreased platelets(heparin induced)

67
Q

Analgesic classes

A

narcotics; combo; non-narcotic; NSAIDS

68
Q

Narcotics impact the

69
Q

Narcotics generic names

A

hydromorphone; morphine; oxycodone; codeine

70
Q

Narcotics brand name

A

Dilaudid; MS Contin; Oxycontin; Codeine

71
Q

Narcotics side effects

A

confusion; sedation; hypotension; constipation

72
Q

Narcotics severe effect

A

respiratory depression

73
Q

Narcotics–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Assess BP-HR-R and LOC closely after giving–especially when during its peak; Elderly more senstivie to effects of opioid analgesics and develop SE and respiratory complications more frequently; Assess bowel function closely due to risk of constipation; Tolerance develops with long-term use–will need higher doses to achieve adequate pain relief

74
Q

Combo pain meds impact

75
Q

Combo generic names

A

oxycodone-acetaminophen; hydrocodone-acetaminophen; codeine-acetaminophen

76
Q

Combo brand names

A

Percocet (O/A); Vicodin (H/A); Tylenol #3 (C/A)

77
Q

Combo pain meds side effects

A

confusion; sedation; hypotension; constipation

78
Q

Combo pain meds severe effect

A

respiratory depression

79
Q

Combo Pain Meds–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Assess pain relief to med 1 hour (PEAK) after giving PO; Assess BP-HR-R and LOC closely after giving–especially when drug is peaking; Elderly more sensitive to effects of opioid analgesics and develop SE and respiratory complications more frequently; Assess bowel function closely due to risk of constipation; tolerance develops with long term use–will need higher doses to achieve adequate pain relief.

80
Q

Non-Narcotic meds impact

81
Q

Non-Narcotic generic name

A

acetaminophen; Aspirin

82
Q

Non-Narcotic brand names

A

Tylenol; ASA

83
Q

Non-Narcotic severe effects

A

liver failure, toxicity w/ OD or high doses

84
Q

Non-Narcotic meds–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Max daily dose is 4000mg; Liver damage can result if reaches this level or is malnourished or abuse ETOH more likely to be toxic; Monitor liver labs (AST-ALT-bili-PT/INR) with Tylenol and Aspirin; Give Aspirin w/ food to minimize risk of ulcer/GI bleed

85
Q

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDS) impact

86
Q

NSAIDS generic name

A

ibuprofen; indomethacin; naproxsyn; ketorlac

87
Q

NSAIDS brand name

A

Motrin/Advil; Indocin; Aleve; Toradol

88
Q

NSAIDS side effects

A

headache; constipation; N/V

89
Q

NSAIDS severe effect

A

GI bleeding; hepatitis

90
Q

NSAIDS–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Give w/ food to minimize risk of ulcer/Gi Bleeding; Assess for GI bleeding: tarry black, or maroon stools, lightheaded, tachycardia; Elderly are at higher risk to develop GI bleeding; Monitor liver labs (AST-ALT-bili-PT/INR); Assess response to pain med 1-2 hours after giving; Increases bleeding times, be sure to discontinue before surgery. Effects last 24 hours after LAST dose

91
Q

Anti-anxiety meds impact the

92
Q

Anti-anxiety meds generic names

A

alprazolam; diazepam; lorazepam

93
Q

Anti-anxiety meds brand name

A

Xanax; Valium; Ativan

94
Q

Anti-anxiety meds side effects

A

dizziness; drowsiness; lethargy

95
Q

Anti-anxiety meds-Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Assess closely for dizziness, drowsiness with first doses; CNS side effects increase with elderly

96
Q

Anti-convulsant meds impact the

97
Q

Anti-convulsant meds generic names

A

carbamazepine; gabapentin; levetiracetam; phenytoin

98
Q

Anti-convulsant meds brand names

A

Tegretol; Neurontin; Keppra; Dilantin

99
Q

Anti-convulsant meds side effects

A

Drowsiness; ataxia; weakness

100
Q

Anti-convulsant meds–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Neurontin commonly used for neuropathic pain or chronic pain syndromes

101
Q

Anti-Depressant meds impact the

102
Q

Anti-Depressant meds are also known as

A

SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)

103
Q

Anti-Depressant meds generic names

A

citalopram; fluoxetine; paroxetine

104
Q

Anti-Depressant meds brand names

A

Celexa; Prozac; Paxil

105
Q

Anti-Depressant meds side effects

A

drowsiness; headache; insomnia; nervousness; tremors

106
Q

Anti-Depressant meds–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

Require 2 weeks to have physiologic effects with new medications; Assess for increased suicidal tendencies with new therapy

107
Q

Anti-Parkinson meds impact the

108
Q

Anti-Parkinson meds generic name

A

carbidopa-levodopa

109
Q

Anti-Parkinson meds brand name

110
Q

Anti-Parkinson meds side effects

A

N/V; involuntary movements

111
Q

Anti-Parkinson meds–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

OK to give with food to minimize GI discomfort; Assess for Parkinson’s effects improving: rigidity, tremors, shuffling gait, drooling

112
Q

Anti-Psychotic meds impact the

113
Q

Anti-Psychotic meds generic names

A

quetiapine; haloperidol

114
Q

Anti-Psychotic meds brand names

A

Seroquel; Haldol

115
Q

Anti-Psychotic meds side effects

A

constipation; dry mouth; blurred vision; extra-pyramidal reactions (EPSE)

116
Q

Anti-Psychotic meds–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

OK to give with food to minimize GI irritation; Assess mental status (mood-orientation-behavior) before and after giving; Monitor for increased restlessness/agitation after first dose–this is a side effect; Monitor for EPSE–there are Parkinson like: difficulty/speaking or swallowing, loss of balance, pill rolling, rigidity, shuffling gait and tremors; Monitor for dystonic reaction: muscle spasms, especially in neck causing head to stay fixed on affected side, weakness of extremities

117
Q

Gastric Acid Reducers are

A

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) and Histamine Blockers (H2)

118
Q

PPI impact the

119
Q

PPI generic names

A

pantoprazole; omeprazole

120
Q

PPI brand names

A

Protonix; Prilosec

121
Q

PPI side effect

A

abdominal pain

122
Q

PPI–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

May give with or without regards to food; Assess frequently for epigastric/abdominal pain and blood in stool, emesis

123
Q

H2 impacts the

124
Q

H2 generic names

A

cimetadine; famotidine; ranitidine

125
Q

H2 brand names

A

Tagamet; Pepcid; Zantec

126
Q

H2 side effect

127
Q

H2 severe effect

A

Arrythmias

128
Q

H2–Nursing Considerations/ Vital Assessments

A

Give with food to prolong effects; Assess frequently for epigastric/abdominal pain and blood in stool, emesis

129
Q

Anti-Nausea meds impact the

130
Q

Anti-Nausea meds generic names

A

ondansetron; prochlorperazine; promethazine

131
Q

Anti-Nausea meds brand names

A

Zofran; Compazine; Phenergan

132
Q

Anti-Nausea meds side effects

A

headache; constipation; diarrhea; extrapyramidal reactions (compazine)

133
Q

Anti-Nausea meds–Nursing Considerations/Vital Assessments

A

May develop

Nursing 275 (3 decks)

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