Common drugs Flashcards by Cara Cribelar

Fixed combination drug for Parkinson’s; converts to dopamine

Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)

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Anti-migraine medication
Discontinue if you have muscle pain/tingling fingers
Don’t take during pregnancy

Ergotamine

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Adverse reactions to antipsychotics known as extrapyramidal syndrome

Pseudoparkinsonism - masklike face and rigidity
Acute dystonia - muscle spasms
Akathisia - restless
Tardive dyskinesia - movements of the mouth, body, extremities

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Mood stabilizing agent
excreted by kidneys
Monitor levels closely
Watch for tremors

Lithium (Eskalith)

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0.5 to 1.2 mEq/L

Lithium levels

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Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer

Do not use if pregnant

Valproic acid (Depakote)

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Herbal medication known as “herbal Prozac”

Do not take with other antidepressants

St. John’s Wort

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Anticonvulsant - prevent seizures and taken for life
Levels must be closely monitored
Don't take if pregnant
IV can cause sloughing
Stop taking if develop a skin rash

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

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Therapeutic levels for phenytoin

10-20 mcg/mL

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Benzodiazepine

Taken for seizures

diazepam (Valium)

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Opioid analgesic

Used for AMI, cancer, PE, severe pain

Morphine sulfate

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Antidote for morphine

Naloxone (Narcan)

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NSAID
Risk of kidney damage so do not use for longer than 5 days
GI effects

Ketorolac (Toradol)

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Opioid analgesic
May cause respiratory depression
Used for sedation, pain relief, pre-op med, adjunct to anesthesia

Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Ionys)

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Opioid
Shorter duration of action than morphine
Can be used in pregnancy

Meperidine (Demerol)

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Opioid
Can cause respiratory depression
Relieves severe pain, used for detox and maintenance of narcotic abstinence syndrome

Methodone (Dolophine)

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Drugs used to support withdrawal from alcohol

Benzodiazepines - Valium and Ativan

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Anticoagulant
Inhibits clot formation
Monitor PTT and APTT

Heparin sodium

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Antidote for heparin

Protamine sulfate

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Anticoagulant

PTT and APTT monitoring is not necessary

Low molecular weight heparin (Lovenox)

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Anticoagulant
Treats venous thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, prevents MI and stroke
Monitor PT

Warfarin (Coumadin)

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Desired PT level for anticoagulant

1.5 to 2x control

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Reversal agent for warfarin

Vitamin K

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Desired level for INR with warfarin

2-3

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Interactions for warfarin

Aspirin, NSAIDs, green leafy veggies

Antiplatelet Used after MI or stroke Can be used with aspirin

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Thrombolytic | Dissolves formed clots

Alteplase (tPA)

Cardiac glycoside Increases force of heart contraction to decrease heart rate Used in heart failure and atrial fibrillation Monitor for bradycardia, visual disturbances, GI disturbances

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Desired level for digoxin

0.5 to 2 ng/mL

Used to treat Digoxin toxicity

Digibind

Sx digoxin toxicity

``` Slow or fast HR N/v Loss of appetite Blurred vision/yellow vision Hyperkalmia ```

Beta blocker Used to treat fast heart rates - slows HR Check pulse

Propanolol (Inderal)

Calcium channel blocker, antianginal, antihypertensive Do not use with grapefruit juice Give without food

Nifedipine (Procardia)

Thiazide diuretic Blocks reabsorption of water, sodium, potassium Used for hypertension, heart failure Eat foods high in potassium

Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

Loop diuretics Inhibit sodium and water reabsorption Take early in the day Can cause hypokalemia and ototoxicity

furosemide (Lasix) | bumetanide (Bumex)

Potassium sparing diuretics Promotes sodium and water excretion Avoid foods rich in potassium and salt substitutes Used for heart failure

spirolactone (Aldactone)

Osmotic diuretic Elevates GRF, inhibits reabsorption of water Decreases ICP

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

ACE inhibitor "prils" Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion Treats hypertension May cause orthostatic hypotension or irritating cough

Captopril (Capoten) | Lisinopril (Zestril)

Statins | Decrease manufacture of LDL and increase HDL

``` Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Rosuvastatin (Crestor) Simvastatin (Zocor) Lovastatin (Mevacor) Pravastatin sodium (Pravachol) ```

Decrease LDL and triglyceride | Sometimes used with statins, causes flushing, take after meals

Niacin

Antihyperlipidic Lowers LDL, increases HDL Take before meals

Gemfibrozil (Lobid)

Drug of choice for hypothyroidism Form of T4 given for long term treatment Take on an empty stomach

levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Onset for insulin lispro (Humulog)

5-15 min

Peak for insulin lispro (Humulog)

30-90 min

Duration for insulin lispro (Humulog)

2-5 hours

Onset for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)

30 min

Peak for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)

2-4 hours

Duration for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)

6-8 hours

Onset for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)

1-2 hours

Peak for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)

6-12 hours

Duration for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)

18-24 hours

Onset for insulin glargine (Lantus)

1 hour

Peak for insulin glargine (Lantus)

none

Duration for insulin glargine (Lantus)

24 hours

Calcium regulator, bone reabsorption inhibitor | Causes esophageal irritation so take first thing in morning, 30 min before eating and stay upright for 30 min

alendronate (Fosamax)

``` Antineoplastic agent - alkylating Kills cancer cells by altering DNA structure in multiple phases Handle carefully Do not give at bedtime No immunizations ```

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

Antimetabolites Kill cancer cells by competing with enzymes Used for cancer, RA, Crohn's

Methotrexate (MTX, Rhematrex) | Fluorouracil

Bronchodilator Not for relief of acute episodes Used as maintenance therapy for asthma prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm and COPD

Salmeterol (Serevent diskhaler)

Glaucoma medications

Betaxolol (Betaoptic) Timolol (Timoptic) Echothiophate (phospholine iodide)

Antinausea, antiemetic | Serotonin antagonist

ondansetron (Zofran)

Antinausea Dopamine antagonist Increased risk of death in elderly with dementia related illnesses

prochlorperazine (Compazine)

Antinausea, prokinetic | Used in chemo for prevention of n/v

metoclopramide (Reglan)

Antacid | Promote ulcer healing by neutralizing hydrochloric acid and reducing pepsin activity

``` Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) Mag hydroxide (Milk of Mag) ```

Histamine 2 blockers Suppress the secretion of gastric acid Used for gastric acid and GERD

ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac) cimetidine (Tagamet) nizatidine (Axid) famotidine (Pepcid)

Beta 2 agonist Short acting Take for an acute asthma attack

Albuterol

Hemoglobin levels

men: 14-18 women: 12-16

Hematocrit levels

men: 42-52% women: 37-47%

RBC levels

men: 4.7-6.1 women: 4.2-5.4

WBC levels

5000 - 10000

Platelet levels

150000 - 400000

INR levels

0.7 - 1.8

PT levels

11 - 12.5 seconds

PTT levels

16 - 40

ALT levels

8 - 20

AST levels

5 - 40

ALP levels

42 - 128

Creatinine levels

men: 0.6 - 1.2 women: 0.5 - 1.1

BUN levels

10 - 20

Sodium levels

136 - 146

Potassium levels

3.5 - 5

Calcium levels

9 - 10.5

Magnesium levels

1.3 - 2.1

Phosphorus levels

3.0 - 4.5