Common drugs Flashcards
Fixed combination drug for Parkinson’s; converts to dopamine
Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
Anti-migraine medication
Discontinue if you have muscle pain/tingling fingers
Don’t take during pregnancy
Ergotamine
Adverse reactions to antipsychotics known as extrapyramidal syndrome
Pseudoparkinsonism - masklike face and rigidity
Acute dystonia - muscle spasms
Akathisia - restless
Tardive dyskinesia - movements of the mouth, body, extremities
Mood stabilizing agent
excreted by kidneys
Monitor levels closely
Watch for tremors
Lithium (Eskalith)
0.5 to 1.2 mEq/L
Lithium levels
Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer
Do not use if pregnant
Valproic acid (Depakote)
Herbal medication known as “herbal Prozac”
Do not take with other antidepressants
St. John’s Wort
Anticonvulsant - prevent seizures and taken for life Levels must be closely monitored Don't take if pregnant IV can cause sloughing Stop taking if develop a skin rash
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Therapeutic levels for phenytoin
10-20 mcg/mL
Benzodiazepine
Taken for seizures
diazepam (Valium)
Opioid analgesic
Used for AMI, cancer, PE, severe pain
Morphine sulfate
Antidote for morphine
Naloxone (Narcan)
NSAID
Risk of kidney damage so do not use for longer than 5 days
GI effects
Ketorolac (Toradol)
Opioid analgesic
May cause respiratory depression
Used for sedation, pain relief, pre-op med, adjunct to anesthesia
Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Ionys)
Opioid
Shorter duration of action than morphine
Can be used in pregnancy
Meperidine (Demerol)
Opioid
Can cause respiratory depression
Relieves severe pain, used for detox and maintenance of narcotic abstinence syndrome
Methodone (Dolophine)
Drugs used to support withdrawal from alcohol
Benzodiazepines - Valium and Ativan
Anticoagulant
Inhibits clot formation
Monitor PTT and APTT
Heparin sodium
Antidote for heparin
Protamine sulfate
Anticoagulant
PTT and APTT monitoring is not necessary
Low molecular weight heparin (Lovenox)
Anticoagulant
Treats venous thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, prevents MI and stroke
Monitor PT
Warfarin (Coumadin)
Desired PT level for anticoagulant
1.5 to 2x control
Reversal agent for warfarin
Vitamin K
Desired level for INR with warfarin
2-3
Interactions for warfarin
Aspirin, NSAIDs, green leafy veggies
Antiplatelet
Used after MI or stroke
Can be used with aspirin
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Thrombolytic
Dissolves formed clots
Alteplase (tPA)
Cardiac glycoside
Increases force of heart contraction to decrease heart rate
Used in heart failure and atrial fibrillation
Monitor for bradycardia, visual disturbances, GI disturbances
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Desired level for digoxin
0.5 to 2 ng/mL
Used to treat Digoxin toxicity
Digibind
Sx digoxin toxicity
Slow or fast HR N/v Loss of appetite Blurred vision/yellow vision Hyperkalmia
Beta blocker
Used to treat fast heart rates - slows HR
Check pulse
Propanolol (Inderal)
Calcium channel blocker, antianginal, antihypertensive
Do not use with grapefruit juice
Give without food
Nifedipine (Procardia)
Thiazide diuretic
Blocks reabsorption of water, sodium, potassium
Used for hypertension, heart failure
Eat foods high in potassium
Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)
Loop diuretics
Inhibit sodium and water reabsorption
Take early in the day
Can cause hypokalemia and ototoxicity
furosemide (Lasix)
bumetanide (Bumex)
Potassium sparing diuretics
Promotes sodium and water excretion
Avoid foods rich in potassium and salt substitutes
Used for heart failure
spirolactone (Aldactone)
Osmotic diuretic
Elevates GRF, inhibits reabsorption of water
Decreases ICP
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
ACE inhibitor
“prils”
Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion
Treats hypertension
May cause orthostatic hypotension or irritating cough
Captopril (Capoten)
Lisinopril (Zestril)
Statins
Decrease manufacture of LDL and increase HDL
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) Rosuvastatin (Crestor) Simvastatin (Zocor) Lovastatin (Mevacor) Pravastatin sodium (Pravachol)
Decrease LDL and triglyceride
Sometimes used with statins, causes flushing, take after meals
Niacin
Antihyperlipidic
Lowers LDL, increases HDL
Take before meals
Gemfibrozil (Lobid)
Drug of choice for hypothyroidism
Form of T4 given for long term treatment
Take on an empty stomach
levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Onset for insulin lispro (Humulog)
5-15 min
Peak for insulin lispro (Humulog)
30-90 min
Duration for insulin lispro (Humulog)
2-5 hours
Onset for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)
30 min
Peak for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)
2-4 hours
Duration for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)
6-8 hours
Onset for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)
1-2 hours
Peak for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)
6-12 hours
Duration for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)
18-24 hours
Onset for insulin glargine (Lantus)
1 hour
Peak for insulin glargine (Lantus)
none
Duration for insulin glargine (Lantus)
24 hours
Calcium regulator, bone reabsorption inhibitor
Causes esophageal irritation so take first thing in morning, 30 min before eating and stay upright for 30 min
alendronate (Fosamax)
Antineoplastic agent - alkylating Kills cancer cells by altering DNA structure in multiple phases Handle carefully Do not give at bedtime No immunizations
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Antimetabolites
Kill cancer cells by competing with enzymes
Used for cancer, RA, Crohn’s
Methotrexate (MTX, Rhematrex)
Fluorouracil
Bronchodilator
Not for relief of acute episodes
Used as maintenance therapy for asthma prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm and COPD
Salmeterol (Serevent diskhaler)
Glaucoma medications
Betaxolol (Betaoptic)
Timolol (Timoptic)
Echothiophate (phospholine iodide)
Antinausea, antiemetic
Serotonin antagonist
ondansetron (Zofran)
Antinausea
Dopamine antagonist
Increased risk of death in elderly with dementia related illnesses
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
Antinausea, prokinetic
Used in chemo for prevention of n/v
metoclopramide (Reglan)
Antacid
Promote ulcer healing by neutralizing hydrochloric acid and reducing pepsin activity
Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) Mag hydroxide (Milk of Mag)
Histamine 2 blockers
Suppress the secretion of gastric acid
Used for gastric acid and GERD
ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac)
cimetidine (Tagamet)
nizatidine (Axid)
famotidine (Pepcid)
Beta 2 agonist
Short acting
Take for an acute asthma attack
Albuterol
Hemoglobin levels
men: 14-18
women: 12-16
Hematocrit levels
men: 42-52%
women: 37-47%
RBC levels
men: 4.7-6.1
women: 4.2-5.4
WBC levels
5000 - 10000
Platelet levels
150000 - 400000
INR levels
0.7 - 1.8
PT levels
11 - 12.5 seconds
PTT levels
16 - 40
ALT levels
8 - 20
AST levels
5 - 40
ALP levels
42 - 128
Creatinine levels
men: 0.6 - 1.2
women: 0.5 - 1.1
BUN levels
10 - 20
Sodium levels
136 - 146
Potassium levels
3.5 - 5
Calcium levels
9 - 10.5
Magnesium levels
1.3 - 2.1
Phosphorus levels
3.0 - 4.5