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Pharmacology ATI > Common drugs > Flashcards

Common drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Fixed combination drug for Parkinson’s; converts to dopamine

A

Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)

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2
Q

Anti-migraine medication
Discontinue if you have muscle pain/tingling fingers
Don’t take during pregnancy

A

Ergotamine

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3
Q

Adverse reactions to antipsychotics known as extrapyramidal syndrome

A

Pseudoparkinsonism - masklike face and rigidity
Acute dystonia - muscle spasms
Akathisia - restless
Tardive dyskinesia - movements of the mouth, body, extremities

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4
Q

Mood stabilizing agent
excreted by kidneys
Monitor levels closely
Watch for tremors

A

Lithium (Eskalith)

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5
Q

0.5 to 1.2 mEq/L

A

Lithium levels

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6
Q

Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer

Do not use if pregnant

A

Valproic acid (Depakote)

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7
Q

Herbal medication known as “herbal Prozac”

Do not take with other antidepressants

A

St. John’s Wort

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8
Q 
Anticonvulsant - prevent seizures and taken for life
Levels must be closely monitored
Don't take if pregnant
IV can cause sloughing
Stop taking if develop a skin rash
A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

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9
Q

Therapeutic levels for phenytoin

A

10-20 mcg/mL

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10
Q

Benzodiazepine

Taken for seizures

A

diazepam (Valium)

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11
Q

Opioid analgesic

Used for AMI, cancer, PE, severe pain

A

Morphine sulfate

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12
Q

Antidote for morphine

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

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13
Q

NSAID
Risk of kidney damage so do not use for longer than 5 days
GI effects

A

Ketorolac (Toradol)

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14
Q

Opioid analgesic
May cause respiratory depression
Used for sedation, pain relief, pre-op med, adjunct to anesthesia

A

Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Ionys)

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15
Q

Opioid
Shorter duration of action than morphine
Can be used in pregnancy

A

Meperidine (Demerol)

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16
Q

Opioid
Can cause respiratory depression
Relieves severe pain, used for detox and maintenance of narcotic abstinence syndrome

A

Methodone (Dolophine)

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17
Q

Drugs used to support withdrawal from alcohol

A

Benzodiazepines - Valium and Ativan

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18
Q

Anticoagulant
Inhibits clot formation
Monitor PTT and APTT

A

Heparin sodium

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19
Q

Antidote for heparin

A

Protamine sulfate

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20
Q

Anticoagulant

PTT and APTT monitoring is not necessary

A

Low molecular weight heparin (Lovenox)

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21
Q

Anticoagulant
Treats venous thrombosis, atrial fibrillation, prevents MI and stroke
Monitor PT

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

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22
Q

Desired PT level for anticoagulant

A

1.5 to 2x control

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23
Q

Reversal agent for warfarin

A

Vitamin K

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24
Q

Desired level for INR with warfarin

A

2-3

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25
Q

Interactions for warfarin

A

Aspirin, NSAIDs, green leafy veggies

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26
Q

Antiplatelet
Used after MI or stroke
Can be used with aspirin

A

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

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27
Q

Thrombolytic

Dissolves formed clots

A

Alteplase (tPA)

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28
Q

Cardiac glycoside
Increases force of heart contraction to decrease heart rate
Used in heart failure and atrial fibrillation
Monitor for bradycardia, visual disturbances, GI disturbances

A

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

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29
Q

Desired level for digoxin

A

0.5 to 2 ng/mL

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30
Q

Used to treat Digoxin toxicity

A

Digibind

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31
Q

Sx digoxin toxicity

A 
Slow or fast HR
N/v
Loss of appetite
Blurred vision/yellow vision
Hyperkalmia
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32
Q

Beta blocker
Used to treat fast heart rates - slows HR
Check pulse

A

Propanolol (Inderal)

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33
Q

Calcium channel blocker, antianginal, antihypertensive
Do not use with grapefruit juice
Give without food

A

Nifedipine (Procardia)

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34
Q

Thiazide diuretic
Blocks reabsorption of water, sodium, potassium
Used for hypertension, heart failure
Eat foods high in potassium

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril)

35
Q

Loop diuretics
Inhibit sodium and water reabsorption
Take early in the day
Can cause hypokalemia and ototoxicity

A

furosemide (Lasix)

bumetanide (Bumex)

36
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics
Promotes sodium and water excretion
Avoid foods rich in potassium and salt substitutes
Used for heart failure

A

spirolactone (Aldactone)

37
Q

Osmotic diuretic
Elevates GRF, inhibits reabsorption of water
Decreases ICP

A

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

38
Q

ACE inhibitor
“prils”
Promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion
Treats hypertension
May cause orthostatic hypotension or irritating cough

A

Captopril (Capoten)

Lisinopril (Zestril)

39
Q

Statins

Decrease manufacture of LDL and increase HDL

A 
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Simvastatin (Zocor)
Lovastatin (Mevacor)
Pravastatin sodium (Pravachol)
40
Q

Decrease LDL and triglyceride

Sometimes used with statins, causes flushing, take after meals

A

Niacin

41
Q

Antihyperlipidic
Lowers LDL, increases HDL
Take before meals

A

Gemfibrozil (Lobid)

42
Q

Drug of choice for hypothyroidism
Form of T4 given for long term treatment
Take on an empty stomach

A

levothyroxine (Synthroid)

43
Q

Onset for insulin lispro (Humulog)

A

5-15 min

44
Q

Peak for insulin lispro (Humulog)

A

30-90 min

45
Q

Duration for insulin lispro (Humulog)

A

2-5 hours

46
Q

Onset for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)

A

30 min

47
Q

Peak for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)

A

2-4 hours

48
Q

Duration for short-acting insulin (Humulin R)

A

6-8 hours

49
Q

Onset for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)

A

1-2 hours

50
Q

Peak for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)

A

6-12 hours

51
Q

Duration for intermediate-acting insulin (NPH, Humulin N)

A

18-24 hours

52
Q

Onset for insulin glargine (Lantus)

A

1 hour

53
Q

Peak for insulin glargine (Lantus)

A

none

54
Q

Duration for insulin glargine (Lantus)

A

24 hours

55
Q

Calcium regulator, bone reabsorption inhibitor

Causes esophageal irritation so take first thing in morning, 30 min before eating and stay upright for 30 min

A

alendronate (Fosamax)

56
Q 
Antineoplastic agent - alkylating
Kills cancer cells by altering DNA structure in multiple phases
Handle carefully
Do not give at bedtime
No immunizations
A

Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)

57
Q

Antimetabolites
Kill cancer cells by competing with enzymes
Used for cancer, RA, Crohn’s

A

Methotrexate (MTX, Rhematrex)

Fluorouracil

58
Q

Bronchodilator
Not for relief of acute episodes
Used as maintenance therapy for asthma prevention of exercise induced bronchospasm and COPD

A

Salmeterol (Serevent diskhaler)

59
Q

Glaucoma medications

A

Betaxolol (Betaoptic)
Timolol (Timoptic)
Echothiophate (phospholine iodide)

60
Q

Antinausea, antiemetic

Serotonin antagonist

A

ondansetron (Zofran)

61
Q

Antinausea
Dopamine antagonist
Increased risk of death in elderly with dementia related illnesses

A

prochlorperazine (Compazine)

62
Q

Antinausea, prokinetic

Used in chemo for prevention of n/v

A

metoclopramide (Reglan)

63
Q

Antacid

Promote ulcer healing by neutralizing hydrochloric acid and reducing pepsin activity

A 
Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
Mag hydroxide (Milk of Mag)
64
Q

Histamine 2 blockers
Suppress the secretion of gastric acid
Used for gastric acid and GERD

A

ranitidine hydrochloride (Zantac)
cimetidine (Tagamet)
nizatidine (Axid)
famotidine (Pepcid)

65
Q

Beta 2 agonist
Short acting
Take for an acute asthma attack

A

Albuterol

66
Q

Hemoglobin levels

A

men: 14-18
women: 12-16

67
Q

Hematocrit levels

A

men: 42-52%
women: 37-47%

68
Q

RBC levels

A

men: 4.7-6.1
women: 4.2-5.4

69
Q

WBC levels

A

5000 - 10000

70
Q

Platelet levels

A

150000 - 400000

71
Q

INR levels

A

0.7 - 1.8

72
Q

PT levels

A

11 - 12.5 seconds

73
Q

PTT levels

A

16 - 40

74
Q

ALT levels

A

8 - 20

75
Q

AST levels

A

5 - 40

76
Q

ALP levels

A

42 - 128

77
Q

Creatinine levels

A

men: 0.6 - 1.2
women: 0.5 - 1.1

78
Q

BUN levels

A

10 - 20

79
Q

Sodium levels

A

136 - 146

80
Q

Potassium levels

A

3.5 - 5

81
Q

Calcium levels

A

9 - 10.5

82
Q

Magnesium levels

A

1.3 - 2.1

83
Q

Phosphorus levels

A

3.0 - 4.5

Pharmacology ATI (1 decks)

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