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psa > common drug knowledge > Flashcards

common drug knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

A patient who has recently been started on antibiotics has experience flushing, headache, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and increased thirst whilst at the pub. What medication have they taken?

A

metronidazole

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2
Q

what is the management for H.pylori for someone with or without a penicillin allergy?

A

normal tripple therapy: PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicllin

pen allergy: PPI + clarithromycin + metronidazole

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3
Q

what medication accounts can cause neutrophillia ( raised wbc’s predominantly neutophils)

A

Glucocorticoid treatment (steroids)

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4
Q

what are 2 adverse affects of betabockers ?

A

confusion and bradycardia

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5
Q

what is the DVT prophylaxis dose of dalteparin?

A

5000 units

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6
Q

what is the recommended first line treatment for patients with PCOS?

A

COCP

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7
Q

How is GTN spray to be taken and when should an ambulance be called?

A

Spray it under the tongue and close the mouth.
Repeat in 5 minute intervals and if the pain persists 5 minutes after taken the second dose call ambulance.

common side affects headache and lightheadedness.

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8
Q

drugs that cause QT prolongation

A

Citalopram and escitalopram

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9
Q

How to manage a high InR

A

Less than 5 - nothing

No bleeding
INR: 5-8 -Withold warfrin
INR>8 - Vit K 1-5mg ORAL

Bleeding
minor - Vit K 1-3mg IV
major- Vit k 5mg IV
+ dried prothrombin complex
if not available FFP

Major bleeding (e.g. variceal haemorrhage, intracranial haemorrhage)

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10
Q

how does haliperiodol affect hallucinations

A

makes them worse.

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11
Q

what is LMWH commonly associated with

A

LMWH (Dalteparin sodium) is common or very commonly associated with immune-mediated, drug induced thrombocytopenia.

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12
Q

how many hours after giving digoxin should you monitor?

A

6 hours

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13
Q

How to manage hypoglycaemia ?

A

mild hypo (patient conscious)
- A-E
-consume fast acting carbs (e.g. glucose tablet, a small can of coke, sweets or fruit juice0
-consume some slow-acting carbs after (e.g. toast)
- AVOID CHOCOLATE

severe hypo (e.g. seizures/ patines unconscious)
- A-E
- Administer 200ml of 10% dextrose IV
- IF no IV access administer 1mg/kg of glucagon IM (wont work if hypo is caused by alcohol because of drug mechanism)

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14
Q

medications that exacerbate heart failure

A

verapamil
thiazolidinediones
NSAIDS/ gluticorticoids - should be used with caution as may cause fluid retention

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15
Q

are ACE inhibitors safe to use in pregnancy?

A

no they are teratogenic?l

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16
Q

what are the 3 main drug types that should not be used/used with caution in patients with asthma?

A

NSAIDS
beta-blockers
adenosine

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17
Q

what should you give for hyperthyroidism for pregnant ladies or people who cant have carbimazole (teratrogenic)

A

propylthiouracil

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18
Q

what are the two main side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

headaches and odema/ankle swelling

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19
Q

what is the medication treatment for acute dystonia?

A

Procyclidine hydrochloride

(an anti-muscanaric)

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20
Q

what are the main adverse reactions for these drugs?

ACEi
Amlodipine
Amiodarone
Carbamazepine

A

ACEi – cough, hyperkalaemia
Amlodipine – oedema
Amiodarone – pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid dysfunction
Carbamazepine – hyponatraemia

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21
Q

what are the main adverse reactions for these drugs?

Clozapine
Gliclazide
Metformin
Statins

A

Clozapine – agranulocytosis
Gliclazide – hypoglycaemia
Metformin – lactic acidosis
Statins – myalgia

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22
Q

what are the daily maintenance fluid requirements?

A

25-30ml/kg
1mmol/kg of Na and K

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23
Q

how do you take cyclical hrt (withdrawal bleed) as opposed to continuous (no withdrawal bleed)?

A

You’ll usually be recommended to take sequential (cyclical) combined HRT if you have menopause symptoms but still have periods.

It comes as tablets or patches.

There are 2 types:

monthly HRT if you’re having regular periods – you take oestrogen every day, and take progestogen alongside it for the last 10 to 14 days of your menstrual cycle every month
3-monthly HRT if you’re having irregular periods – you take oestrogen every day, and take progestogen alongside it for around 10 to 14 days every 3 months
You should have a period at the end of each progestogen cycle.

Continuous combined HRT
Continuous combined HRT is usually recommended if you’re post-menopause. This is when you have not had a period for 1 year.

Continuous combined HRT involves taking oestrogen and progestogen every day without a break.

If you’ve had a hysterectomy and take oestrogen-only HRT, you’ll take it every day.

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24
Q

what is the drug of choice for treating C DIFF

A

Vancomycin

25
Q

what are some side-effects of SSRIs?

A

High risk of bleeding
confusion

26
Q

fluid resuscitation/ fluid bolus for kids amount?

A

10ml/kg

27
Q

signs someone needs a fluid resucitation

A

If a patient has signs of hypovolaemic shock – (poor perfusion, tachycardia, drowsy, tachypnea, poor urine output, hypotension, hypotonia)

28
Q

anytime you are about to click and option to prescribe penicillin what do you need to check for?

A

penicilin allergy

29
Q

how should insulin be given the day before surgery?

A

the patients usual dose should be given as normal apart from their once daily long acting insulin analogues, which should be reduced by 20%.

30
Q

what is a major side effect of sodium valporate and so what is put in place?

A

teratrogenic therefore cautioned in women of child bearing age.

31
Q

what does 1 in 1000 mean in adrenaline

A

1g of adrenaline in 1000 ml

32
Q

what fluids should you give a diabetic going into surgery?

A

45% Nacl/potassium 0.15/0.3%/ glucose 5%

roughly 100ml over 8-12 hours (normal maintenance amounts)

33
Q

what is the optimal treatment and dose for giant cell arteritis

A

methylprednisolone sodium succinate 1g IV

34
Q

What is the application route of creams?

A

topical

35
Q

roughly how much fluids does a patient need a day and how many salty how many sweet?

A

3L - Normal adult (1L 6hrly)
2L - Elderly (2L 8hrly)
1 salty 2 sweet

36
Q

what is a contraindication for giving compression socks?

A

peripheral arterial disease

37
Q

two types of patients to avoid metoclopramide in

A

patients with parkinsons (makes symptoms worse)

young women (risk of dyskinesia)

38
Q

for antiemetics cyclizine is a good first-line treatment for almost all cases except?….

A

cardiac cases

39
Q

what should bp be before given alteplase

A

less than 185/110

40
Q

what type of laxative is first line in children?

A

osmotic laxatives

41
Q

how often do u give a dose of ondansetron?

A

8 or 12 hrly

42
Q

what drug is contraindicated in peripheral vascular disease and why ?

A

beta blockers as they cause peripheral vasoconstriction

43
Q

main drugs that predispose patients to vaginal candida?

A

antibiotics and steroids

44
Q

drugs that cause hyperkalemia 5

A

Ace inhibitors
spironolactone
NSAIDS
Heparin
digoxin

44
Q

what to do if statins cause raised CK

A

if more than 5 x the UL then stop the statin and if symptomps resolce and ck levels return to normal then the statin should be reintroduced at a lower dose.

44
Q

Drugs that cause urinary retention 4

A

opiods
NSAIDS
benzos
calcium channel blockers

45
Q

when do you use methylprednisolone over prednisolone and at what dose/

A

methylprednisolone is preferred with patients who have visual loss associated with gca.

dose 0.5-1g IV for 3 days initially.

if no access to IV medication then 60-100mg prednisolone oral for 3 days intitially.

46
Q

what drugs may need dose adjustment in the context of smoking ceasation

A

clozapine and theopphylline/aminophylline

because smoking reduces their effects so when a person stops smoking the dose may need to be decreased because they have a narrow therapeutic window.

47
Q
A
48
Q

Two drugs that cause congenital heat defects in pregnancy

A

Lithium and fluoxetine/paroxetine

49
Q

Which painkiller should not be continued peri opperatively

A

Ibuprofen

50
Q

Bone marrow suppresion sore thorat after staring..

A

Carbimazole… check fbc

51
Q

What drug should be stopped 1 week before surgery

A

Aspirin

52
Q

Out of allopurinal and aspirin which should be held in aki

A

Allopurinol

53
Q

When should nitrofunintonin be avoided

A

Egfr less than 45

54
Q

What should inr be before surgery

A

Less than 1.5

If higher use vit k

55
Q

What to do if creatinine rises in aki

A

A small rise in createnine (less than 20%) is expected when starting an ace inhibitor and does not require investigation or change in prescription

56
Q

Measure of efficacy in heart failure drugs

A

Exercise tolerance

psa (2 decks)

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