common diseases of the body systems Flashcards
Bacteria (typically Streptococcus or Staphylococcus) enters the skin through cuts or abrasions and causes infection of connective tissue with severe inflammation of the skin.
cellulitis etiology
Allergic reaction to a specific allergen leading to inflammation of a region of the skin
dermatitis etiology
Believed to be caused by hereditary and environmental factors leading to inflammatory skin disease
eczema etiology
Damage to DNA of basal cells caused by ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure from the sun and tanning beds
Skin cancer: basal cell etiology
Excessive exposure to UVB rays
Skin cancer: melanoma etiology
The joint being pushed outside of its normal range of motion, leading to joint and ligament damage
sprain etiology
Many factors including malnutrition, inadequate calcium intake/absorption, endocrine disorders, immobilization and lack of exercise, and aging can lead to bone loss, making bone weaker and more prone to fracture.
osteoporosis etiology
Degeneration (breakdown) of articular cartilage and changes in the synovial membrane
osteoarthritis etiology
Autoimmune disorder leading to changes in the connective tissues of the body, especially the joints
rheumatoid arthritis etiology
Excessive accumulation of uric acid in a joint, forming needle-like crystals in the joint
gout etiology
Most common cause is blood loss.
Dysfunction in the creation of hemoglobin
Excessive destruction of red blood cells
anemia etiology
Hardening of the arteries due to fatty deposits causing narrowing of vessels potentially due to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and other diseases
arteriosclerosis etiology
The heart’s decreased ability to pump adequately due to coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease, or heart defects
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) etiology
An absence of clotting factors in the blood as the result of a genetic defect
hemophilia etiology
Genetics, smoking, obesity, stress, too much salt intake
hypertension etiology
Cardiac muscle becomes ischemic and dies, typically due to occlusion of the cardiac muscle because of atherosclerosis of the coronary artery.
myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack) etiology
Direct damage to the kidneys or other causes leading to a sudden change where the kidneys can no longer filter blood effectively, leading to dangerous levels of toxic waste in the body
acute renal failure etiology
Chronic and progressive disease in which the kidneys cannot adequately filter blood due to many potential factors including diabetes, high blood pressure and glomerulonephritis
chronic renal failure etiology
Hard crystalline deposits forming in the urine due to abnormally high levels of certain substances in the body
renal calculi (kidney stone) etiology
Loss of bladder control leading to leakage of urine, sometimes triggered by coughing, lifting, or sneezing
urinary incontinence etiology
Infection in the urinary system most commonly caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli)
urinary tract infection etiology
Inflammation in the appendix due to blockage of the opening to the appendix, leading to rapidly multiplying bacteria in the appendix
appendicitis etiology
Immune response triggered by gluten leading to damage of the small intestine and an inability to absorb nutrients
celiac disease etiology
Cancer of the colon
Risk factors are a high-fat diet, family history, and inflammatory bowel disease.
colorectal cancer etiology
Pouchlike herniations through the muscular wall of the colon caused by high pressure inside the colon pressing against weak areas of the colon wall
diverticulosis etiology
Lower esophageal sphincter muscle disfunction leading to stomach contents leaking back up the esophagus
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) etiology
Fluid buildup in the alveoli blocks oxygen from passing into the bloodstream following an acute injury, typically in those who are already critically ill or have had previous traumatic injuries.
Acute respiratory distress (ARDS) etiology
Airway inflammation causes lining of air passages to swell and tighten, leading to a reduction in the amount of air that can pass into and out of the lungs.
asthma etiology
Acute: Caused by viral illnesses such as colds and flu
Chronic: Caused by smoking
bronchitis etiology
Disease in which airflow into and out of the lungs is blocked, usually due to a combination of bronchitis and emphysema
Primary cause is smoking.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) etiology
Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nose, along with excessive production of mucus
Allergic rhinitis is triggered by allergens in the air.
rhinitis etiology
Most common form of progressive dementia caused by progressive destruction on brain cells
Alzheimer’s disease etiology
Caused by traumatic injury to the brain
concussion etiology
Occurs from compression of the sciatic nerve, typically due to a herniated disc, bone spur, or tumor
sciatica etiology
Caused by a decrease in blood supply to the brain or a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA; stroke) etiology
Caused by the varicella zoster virus (also causes chicken pox)
The virus can lie dormant for years following an infection of chicken pox.
shingles etiology
Most often caused by overuse of oral corticosteroid medications
Can also be caused by hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex
Cushing disease etiology
Chronic condition caused by lack of insulin production
This is a genetic, autoimmune condition that often develops in childhood and is commonly known as juvenile diabetes.
type 1 diabetes mellitus
Chronic condition caused by insulin resistance, due to a mix of genetics, obesity, and lifestyle choices
Typically begins in adulthood but is being seen more often in adolescents
type 2 diabetes mellitus etiology
Overproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland
hyperthyroidism etiology
Underproduction of the thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland
hypothyroidism etiology
Caused by malfunction in the body’s immune system that disrupts normal thyroid regulation, resulting in hyperthyroidism
graves’ disease etiology
Overgrowth of the fungal micro-organism Candida albicans
candidiasis etiology
Zygote implantation in an area other than the uterine wall, most commonly in the uterine tubes
ectopic pregnancy etiology
Occurs when pieces of endometrial tissue grow outside of the uterine lining, typically on the ovaries, intestines, or pelvic wall
endometriosis etiology
Caused by the herpes simplex virus spread through sexual contact
genital herpes etiology
A portion of the intestines protrudes thought a weak point of the abdominal wall.
inguinal hernia etiology
Some cases are unknown, others may be due to structural abnormalities, or there may be a mechanical problem.
cryptorchidism etiology
Some causes are unknown.
Some patients are born with no tissue holding the testes to the scrotum.
testicular torsion etiology
Causes are unknown but are believed to be linked to hormonal changes
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) etiology
