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Child health > common diseases > Flashcards

common diseases Flashcards

1
Q

development red flags

A 
asymmetry of movement 
not reaching for objects by 6 months
unable to sit unsupported by 12 months
unable to walk by 18 months 
concerns re vision of hearing 
loss of skills
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2
Q

autism triad

A

communication
social interaction
flexibility of thought

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3
Q

6 weeks

projectile vomiting

A

pyloric stenosis

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4
Q

investigations of pyloric stenosis

A

abdominal ultrasound

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5
Q

duchennes muscular dystrophy

A

X-linked
weakness, fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance
cardiomyopathy

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6
Q

diagnosis of duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

creatine kinase > 10000
then genetic tests
not walking at 18 months

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7
Q

management of pyloric stenosis

A

laparoscopic pyloromyotomy

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8
Q

what is intussusception

A

bowel invaginates into itself
thickens the overall size of the bowel and narrows the lumen at folded area
palpable mass in abdomen

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9
Q

presentation of intussusception

A 
severe, colicky abdominal pain 
pale, lethargic child 
redcurrant jelly stool
right upper quadrant mass
vomiting
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10
Q

management of intussusception

A

therapeutic enemas: air pumped into the colon

surgical reduction

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11
Q

presentation of appendicitis

A

central abdominal pain into RIF
McBurneys point
vomiting

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12
Q

investigations for appendicitis

A

see if patient can jump
US of abdomen
raised inflammatory markers

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13
Q

management of appendicitis

A

laparoscopic appendicectomy

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14
Q

bile stained vomit

A

malrotation volvulus

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15
Q

investigation for malrotation volvulus

A

constrast CT

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16
Q

treatment for malrotation volvulus

A

open surgery

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17
Q

what virus is measles

A

paramyxovirus

18
Q

febrile convulsions

A

generalised seizures with no focal features

high fever

19
Q

presentation of bronchiolitis

A 
coryzal symptoms 
heavy breathing 
fast breathing 
poor feeding 
mild fever 
wheeze and crackles on auscultation 
use of accessory muscles 
nasal flaring
20
Q

cause of bronchiolitis

A

RSV

21
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

congenital condition where the nerve cells of the myenteric plexus are absent in the distal bowel and rectum

22
Q

menteric plexus

A

forms the enteric nervous system
runs all the way along the bowel wall
controls peristalsis

23
Q

pathophysiology of hirschsprung’s disease

A

absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a section of the colon

24
Q

presentation of hrischsprung’s disease

A 
delay in passing meconium 
chronic constipation since birth 
abdominal pain and distension
vomiting 
poor weight gain and failure to thrive
25
Q

investigations of hrischsprungs disease

A

abdominal Xray

rectal biopsy

26
Q

Erb-Duchenne palsy

A 
due to trauma to to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus 
during obstructed labour 
paralysis of 
- musculotaneous nerve
- radial nerve
- axillary nerve
27
Q

cephalohaematoma

A

form of subperisteal haemorrhage caused by birth injury

associated with prolonged second stage of labour

28
Q

presentation of cephalohaematoma

A

well circumscribed
fluctuant mass
over the parietal bone
skin discolouration not present

29
Q

caput succedaneum

A

form of birth trauma
usually secondary to pressure exerted on the presenting part by the cervix
diffuse swelling of the scalp and moulding

30
Q

subgaleal haemorrhage associated with

A

instrumental delivery

31
Q

jaundice 24-72 hours

A

physiological

32
Q

cause of physiological jaundice

A

fetus RBC break down more rapidly than adults releasing more bilirubin

33
Q

cause of breast milk jaundice

A

components of breast milk inhibit the ability of the liver to process the bilirubin

34
Q

presistent jaundice in otherwise healthy baby

A

breast milk jaundice

35
Q

presentation of measles

A

fever, coryzal, conjunctivitis
KOPLIK spots
rash on face, classically behind ears

36
Q

presentation of scarlet fever

A 
associated with strep tonsilitis
red, flushed cheeks 
rough like sandpaper- red-pink blotchy
fever, lethargy
strawberry tongue 
cervical lymphadenoapthy
37
Q

cause of scarlet fever

A

streptococcus pyogenes

38
Q

treatment of scarlet fever

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin for 10 days

39
Q

associated conditions with scarlet fever

A

post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

acute rheumatic fever

40
Q

presentation of rubella

A

erythematous macular rash
starts on face and spreads
fever, joint pain, sore throat

Child health (2 decks)

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