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833P Family Practicum > Common Diagnoses > Flashcards

Common Diagnoses Flashcards

1
Q

Pediatric Acute otitis media

A 
amoxicillin (80-90kg/kg/day) bid for 7-10 days
Next augmentin (90mg/kg/day), then cefdinir (14mg/kg/day) for 7-10 days
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2
Q

optimal therapy length

A

for children younger than 2 or with severe symptoms, a 10 day course is recommended;
a 7 day course may be adequate for children 2-5 years with mild or moderate symptoms
for children 6 years and older with mild to moderate symptoms, a 5-7 day course is adequate

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3
Q

Adult AOM treatment

A

Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) 875/125mg bid for 7-10 days
or amoxicillin 500mg tid for 5-7 days or 875 mg bid

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4
Q

Adult AOM treatment with penicillin allergy

A

Cefdinir, 300 mg orally twice daily or 600 mg once daily.

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5
Q

Community-acquired pneumonia s/sx

A

more severe and came on very quickly with high fevers with pronounced consolidation (s.pneumoniae)

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6
Q

Atypical pneumonia s/sx

A

caused by a different organism not covered by amoxicillin-patient is not quite as sick, seems like a viral illness but they also have crackles and a cough; less obvious xray findings but may have some abnormalities

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7
Q

treatment of pediatrics CAP

A

amoxicillin 90mg/kg/day tid for 7-10 days

cefdinir or clindamycin may be used as an alternative for penicillin allergy

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8
Q

treatment of atypical pneumonia in pediatrics

A

azithromycin 10mg/kg day one, then 5mg.kg for days 2-5

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9
Q

Treatment of CAP in adults

A

(macrolides) azithromycin 500mg day 1 then 250mg day 2-5

doxycycline (tetracycline) 100mg bid for 7-10 days

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10
Q

Z-PAK (azithromycin) has who type of properties?

A

anti-inflammatory effects which make people feel better, even if their illness is viral and the abx isn’t treating the virus

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11
Q

Treatment for bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole 500mg bid for 7 days

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12
Q

If treating with metronidazole, what do you need to educate your patient about?

A

No alcohol until 48 hours after last dose

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13
Q

Other BV treatments

A

metronidazole gel 0.75%, one full applicator (5g) intravaginally once daily for 5 days
Clindamycin cream 2% one full applicator (5g) intravaginally at bedtime for 7 days

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14
Q

How do you diagnose BV

A

wet prep, UA, PCR testing-PCR is more definitive than wet prep

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15
Q

How quickly do you need to look at trichomonas on the slide?

A

within 15 minutes or it will be missed

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16
Q

S/Sx of BV

A

thin, gray, foul, distinct fishy odor

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17
Q

s/sx of yeast infection

A

irritated vulvar area, thick, white discharge

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18
Q

If a patient presents to the clinic for BV, should you treat it?

A

yes-usually doesn’t get better on its own and the patient is very uncomfortable with it. Especially if pregnant or symptomatic

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19
Q

UTI treatment in women

A

nitrofurantoin 100mg bid for 5 days or TMP/SMX (bactrim) 160/800mg double strength bid for 3 days

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20
Q

UTI treatment in men

A

ciprofloxacin 1000mg daily or 500mg bid for 14 days

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21
Q

Pediatric (2-24months) UTI treatment

A

TMP/SMX 8-12 mg/kg trimethoprim component BID for 7-10 days (<5 year old) or 3-5 days if > than 5 years old
augmentin 25mg/kg/day bid for 7-14 days
or cephalexin 50mg/kg/day bid for 7-14 days

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22
Q

UTI treatment in pregnancy

A

cephalexin 250-500mg QID for 7 days or nitrofurantoin (macrobid) 100mg QID for 7 days

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23
Q

Macrobid should be avoided in patients with?

A

renal failure or if concerns for pyelonephritis as it will not work in the renals (fever, CVA tenderness, chills, body aches)

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24
Q

Bactrim failure is what percent with e coli?

A

20%

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25
Q

do men have uncomplicated UTI’s?

A

no, so you need 14 days of cipro

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26
Q

what medication can you prescribe for UTI if the patient has renal impairment?

A

keflex

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27
Q

What medication is used for pyelonephritis?

A

Cipro

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28
Q

First-line medication treatment of depression?

A

SSRI

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29
Q

Starting dose of fluoxetine?

A

Prozac: 20mg daily

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30
Q

starting dose of sertraline?

A

zoloft: 50mg daily

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31
Q

Starting dose of paroxetine?

A

Paxil 20mg daily

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32
Q

Sarting dose of citalopram>

A

celexa: 20mg daily

33
Q

Starting dose of escitalopram?

A

Lexapro: 10mg daily

34
Q

SNRI dosages:
Venlafaxine
Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine

A

Effexor: 37.5mg daily
Pristiq: 50mg daily
Cymbalta: 60mg daily

35
Q

Dopamine Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor medication and dose

A

Bupoprion (wellbutrin) 150mg daily

36
Q

Goal of dosing anti-depressants

A

start low and slow but do not leave it at this dose: follow up in 6 weeks to titrate up

37
Q

Treatment failure of anti-depressants due to?

A

lack of titrating medication up

38
Q

Zoloft is typically used for patients with?

A

social anxiety

39
Q

What side effects are most bothersome

A

sexual side effects of SSRI

40
Q

Risk vs benefit of standard-dose to max-dose?

A

may have more side effects with max dose and no additional benefit that they feel

41
Q

Hypertension first line treatments

A

thiazide diuretics, ACE, ARB, CCB

42
Q

Hypertension first line treatments for AA

A

thiazide diuretics, CCB

43
Q

Thiazide diuretic medication and dose

A

HCTZ 12.5-25mg once daily

chlorthalidone 12.5-25 mg once daily

44
Q

ACE

A

Lisinopril 10-20 mg once daily
benazepril 1-20mg once daily
have kidney protection so they are preferred for DM2

45
Q

ARB

A

Valsartan 40-80mg once daily

losartan 50mg once daily

46
Q

CCB

A

amlodipine 2.5-5mg once daily

Diltiazem ER 180-240 mg once daily

47
Q

Hyperlipidemia medications

A

Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin

48
Q

More body aches associated with which HLD med?

A

atorvastatin

49
Q

More medication interactions associated with which HLD med?

A

simvastatin

50
Q

Atorvastatin intensities and dosages

A

medium: 10-20mg/day

high 40-80mg/day

51
Q

rosuvastatin intensities and dosages

A

medium: 5-20mg/day
high: 20-40mg/day

52
Q

Influenza treatment choices

A

zanamivir (relenza)

oseltamivir (tamiflu)

53
Q

Zanamivir treatment dosages

A

Age 7 and up: 10mg, 2 inhalations, twice daily for 5 days

54
Q

Zanamivir chemoprophylaxis dosage

A

Ages 5 and up: 10mg, 2 inhalations, once daily for 10 days

55
Q

Oselamivir treatment dosages

A 
Adults: 75mg bid for 5 days
Peds (starting at 1 year old): <15kg=30mg bid for 5 days
15-23kg=45mg bid for 5 days
24-40kg=60mg bid for 5 days
>40mg=75mg bid for 5 days
56
Q

Oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis treatment for adults

A

Adults 75mg once daily for 10 days

57
Q

Oseltamivir chemoprophylaxis treatment for pediatrics greater than 1 year old

A

Peds (starting at 1 year old): <15kg=30mg daily for 10 days
15-23kg=45mg daily for 10 days
24-40kg=60mg daily for 10 days
>40mg=75mg daily for 10 days

58
Q

Tamiflu can do what?

A

decrease the severity and duration of the infection if given within 72 hours of infection

59
Q

Is prophylaxis of tamiflu indicated for everyone?

A

not needed for healthy immunocompetent individuals in the household

60
Q

Adult acute sinusitis treamtent

A

Amoxicillin/clavulanate (augmentin) 875mg bid for 7 days

61
Q

Pediatric acute sinusitis treatment

A

3 months and older

Augmentin 20-45mg/kg/dau bid for 7 days

62
Q

treatment for sinusitis in adults if allergic to amoxicillin

A

doxycycline 100mg bid for 7 days or levofloxacin 750mg daily for 5 days

63
Q

Treatment of acute sinusitis in pediatrics who are allergic to amoxicillin

A

cefdinir: 6-12 years old= 14mg/kg/day once daily for 7 days

13 and older= 600mg once daily for 7 days

64
Q

strep throat treatment in adults

A

penicillin V=500mg bid or tid for 10 days

amoxicillin= 1g daily or 500mg bid for 10 days

65
Q

strep throat treamtent in pediatrics

A

penicillin V=<27kg=250mg BID or TID for 10 days
>27kig=500mg bid or tid for 10 days

Amoxicillin 50mg/kg daily for 10 days

66
Q

strep throat treatment in adults if amoxicillin allergy

A

cephalexin=500mg bid for 7-14 days
clindamycin 20mg/kg/day tid
azithromycin 500mg on day one then 250mg days 2-5

67
Q

strep throat treatment in pediatrics if allergic to amoxicillin

A

cephalexin: 50mg/kg/day bid for 10 days

azithromycin= 12mg/kg/day once daily for 5 days (max dose 500mg)

68
Q

Need to treat strep throat for how long and why?

A

10 days to prevent rheumatic heart disease

69
Q

Why is amoxicillin used for kids?

A

It is easy and they like the taste

70
Q

Treatment for type 2 DM

A

metformin 500mg bid or 850mg once daily

71
Q

metformin common side effect?

A

diarrhea, but usually improves over time: ER can usually help with this as well

72
Q

Other treatments for DM2

A

diabetic educator, dietician, eye exam

73
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis treatment for non contact lens wearer

A

trimethoprim-polymycin B one drop to affected eyes four times daily for 7-10 days: 5 days may be sufficient but for sure use it 2 full days beyond when all of the symptoms are gone

74
Q

Acute bacterial conjunctivitis treatment for contact lens wearers

A

ciprofloxacin opthalmic solution 0.3% one to two drops every 2 hours while awake for 2 days, then 1-2 drops every 4 hours while awake for the next 5 days

75
Q

allergic rhinitis treatment orally

A

ceftirizine (zyrtec), fexofenadine (allegra), loratadine (claritin)

76
Q

allergic rhinitis treatment with nasacort

A 
intranasal steroids
triamcinolone acetonide (nasacort) 
2-5 y.o 1 spray each nostril daily
6-11 year old=2 sprays each nostril daily
12 and up=2 sprays each nostril once or twice daily
77
Q

allergic rhinitis treatment with budesonide

A

intranasal steroid rhinocort

6 years and up 2 sprays each nostril twice daily for 4 sprays each nostril in the morning

78
Q

allergic rhinitis treatment with fluticasone

A

flonase intranasal steroid
4 years and up 1 spray each nostril daily
adult=2 sprays each nostril daily

79
Q

allergic rhinitis treatment with intranasal antihistamines

A

azelastine (astelin)
6-11 years old=1 spray twice daily
12 years and older=1-2 sprays twice daily

833P Family Practicum (2 decks)

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