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USMLE Step 2 CS > Common DDx > Flashcards

Common DDx Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Headache ddx

A
  • Tension
  • Migraine
  • Cluster
  • Sinusitis
  • Meningitis/Encephalitis/Intracranial or epidural abscess
  • Tumor/Malignancy
  • SAH/brain bleed
  • Pseudotumor cerebri
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • CNS vasculitis; temporal arteritis
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2
Q

Confusion/memory loss ddx

A
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Vascular dementia
  • NPH
  • Creutzfeld-Jacob
  • hypoglycemia
  • chronic subdural
  • delirium
  • wernicke’s encephalopathy
  • intracranial tumor
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3
Q

Wernicke’s enchephalopaty

A
  • thiamine deficiency
  • common @ alcoholics/malnourished
  • oculomotor sx (nystagmus, rectus palsies, etc), confusion, ataxia
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4
Q

Dizziness ddx

A
  • labrynthitis
  • meniere’s disease
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • BPV
  • vestibular neuronitis
  • vertebrobasilar insufficiency
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5
Q

Meniere’s disease

A
  • hearing loss, episodic vertigo, and tinnitus caused by endolyph drops in labrynth
  • tests: VDRL/RPR, audiometry, vestibular testing, and MRI to rule out other causes of symptoms
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6
Q

Potential tests/workup for dizziness/hearing loss

A

Electronystagmography

audiogram

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7
Q

Vestibular neuronitis vs. Labryinthitis

A
  • both dizziness/nausea after URI
  • vestibular neuronitis = no hearing loss
  • labrynthitis = hearing loss
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8
Q

LOC ddx

A
  • seizure
  • syncope/vasovagal/orthostatic hypotension => syncope
  • cardiac arrhythmia
  • stroke
  • MI
  • PE
  • substance abuse/OD
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9
Q

Numbness/weakness ddx

A
  • TIA
  • Stroke
  • neuropathy: DM, B12, etoh
  • MS
  • seizure/Todd’s paralysis
  • GBS
  • myasthenia gravis
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10
Q

Fatigue/sleepiness ddx

A
  • hypothyroidism
  • sleep apnea
  • psych
  • malignancy
  • DM
  • insomnia/sleep deprivation
  • psych
  • anemia
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11
Q

Sore throat ddx

A
  • infectious mono
  • pharyngitis (viral vs. bacteria)
  • strep tonsillitis
  • acute HIV
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12
Q

Cough/SOB ddx

A
  • viral URI
  • bronchitis
  • COPD/COPD exacerbation
  • PNA/Lung abscess/atypical PNA
  • TB
  • Malignancy
  • CHF
  • GERD
  • UACS (post-nasal)
  • reactive airway/asthma
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13
Q

Chest pain DDx

A
  • serious six: MI, PE, aortic dissection, Pericard, Esoph rupture, PTX
  • pleuritic/cough-assoc.
  • PNA/lung abscess
  • costochondritis
  • GERD
  • angina
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14
Q

Palpitations DDx

A
  • cardiac arrhythmia
  • hypoglycemia
  • pheochromocytoma
  • carcinoid syndrome
  • hyperthyroidism
  • panic attacks
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15
Q

Weight Loss DDx

A
  • hyperthyroidism
  • malignancy
  • TB
  • HIV
  • malabsorption
  • diet/anorexia
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16
Q

Weight gain DDx

A
  • hypothyroidism
  • smoking cessation
  • cushing’s
  • PCOS
  • depression
17
Q

Dysphagia DDx

A
  • GERD
  • esophagitis
  • malignancy/tumor
  • achalasia
  • esophageal stricture
18
Q

Potential tests for dysphagia workup

A
  • CXR
  • barium swallow
  • esophageal manometry
  • Endoscopy
  • ?CBC
19
Q

N/V DDx

A
  • viral gastroenteritis
  • pregnancy
  • gastritis
  • hypercalcemia
  • diabetes mellitus
20
Q

Abdominal Pain DDx

A
  • gastroenteritis (viral, bacterial, parasitic)
  • cholecystitis
  • pancreatitis
  • appendicitis
  • SBO
  • nephrolithiasis
  • pyelonephritis
  • malignancy (pancreatic, gastric, colon)
  • constipation
  • PUD/gastritis
  • diverticulitis
  • chron’s, UC
  • IBS
  • mesenteric ischemia
  • hepatitis
  • ascending cholangitis
  • splenic rupture
  • ovarian torsion/ectopic pregnancy/ruptured ovarian cyst
  • PID
21
Q

Constipation DDx

A
  • Dietary
  • Hypothyroid
  • Drug-induced
  • colon cancer
  • bowel obstruction
  • IBS
22
Q

Diarrhea DDx

A
  • IBD
  • gastroenteritis
  • celiac disease
  • lactose intolerance
  • chronic pancreatitis
  • IBS
  • C. diff (watery)
23
Q

Upper GI bleeding DDx

A
  • bleeding peptic ulcer
  • gastritis
  • gastric cancer
  • MW tear
  • esophageal varices
24
Q

Blood in Stool DDx

A
  • malignancy
  • hemorrhoids
  • diverticulosis
  • ischemic bowel disease
  • IBD
  • UGI bleed
  • anal fissure
  • bacterial gastroenteritis
25
Q

Hematuria DDx

A
  • UTI
  • bladder cancer/renal cell carcinoma
  • nephrolithiasis
  • polycystic kidney disease
  • acute glomerulonephritis
  • pyelonephritis
26
Q

Urinary Sx DDx

A
  • UTI = urethritis, cystitis, prostatis
  • BPH
  • Prostate cancer
  • pyelonephritis
  • renal cell carcinoma
27
Q

Erectile Dysfxn DDx

A
  • drug-related ED
  • ED caused by HTN
  • ED caused by DM
  • psychogenic ED
  • peyronie’s disease
28
Q

Amenorrhea DDx

A
  • pregnancy
  • PCOS
  • anovulatory cycle
  • thyroid disease
  • hyperprolactinemia
  • primary amenorrhea/DSD
  • menopause
  • sheehan’s syndrome
29
Q

Vaginal Bleeding DDx

A
  • dysfxnal uterine bleeding
  • coag d/o (VWB)
  • SAB
  • molar preg/ectopic preg
  • malignancy: cervical, endometrial
  • PID/cervicitis
30
Q

Vaginal Discharge DDx

A
  • bacterial vaginitis
  • candidal vaginitis
  • trichomonal vaginitis
  • cervicitis (chlamydia, gonorrhea)
31
Q

Dyspareunia DDx

A
  • menopause/atrophic vaginitis
  • endometriosis
  • vaginismus
  • cervicitis
32
Q

Joint Pain DDx

A
  • trauma
  • OA
  • autoimmune joint disease/RA/SLE
  • gout
  • septic arthritis
  • reactive arthritis/disseminated gonorrhea
33
Q

Limb Pain DDx

A
  • trauma
  • domestic violence
  • stress fracture
  • osteomyelitis
  • plantar fascitis
  • peripheral vascular
  • DVT
  • cellulitis
  • rhabdomyolysis
34
Q

Shoulder pain ddx

A
  • fracture
  • rotator cuff strain/tear
  • impingement
  • AC joint separation
  • subluxation/dislocation
35
Q

Elbow pain

A
  • lateral epicondylitis

- stress fx

36
Q

Wrist pain

A
  • fracture

- carpal tunnel

37
Q

Low back pain

A
  • lumbar muscle strain
  • lumbar spinal stenosis
  • disk herniation
  • vertebral compression fracture
  • AAA
  • ankylosing spondylitis
38
Q

Child with fever

A
  • UTI
  • meningitis
  • PNA
  • neonatal sepsis
  • acute otitis media
  • strep pharyngitis
  • measles
  • gastroenteritis

USMLE Step 2 CS (8 decks)

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