Common Core Flashcards
Conditions that led to the formation of the Navy
America’s first based offensive to cut off British resupply lines during the revolutionary war
Qualities that characterize the navy/marine corps team as instruments to support national policies
Readiness
Flexibility
Self sustainability
Mobility
Navy’s Birthday
Father of the Navy
October 13, 1775
John Paul Jones
What were the conditions that led to the creation of the Seabees?
During WWII armed construction workers were critically needed in combat
Significance of March 5, 1942 (Seabees)
Seabees name was granted
Bureau of yards and docks
Created by Admiral Ben moreell
Birthday of the Seabees
Battle of Coral Sea
May 6-8, 1942, battle fought entirely by aircraft launched from carriers, the two fleets never saw each other
Purpose was to stop invasion of Australia
USS Lexington was sunk
What carriers were involved in the battle of coral sea?
USS YORKTOWN
USS LEXINGTON
UN SHO HO
UN SHO KAKU
UN ZUI KAKU
Invasion of Normandy
June 4, 1944
Largest amphibious operation in history
Completed landings successfully and eventually pushed on into Germany
Omaha beach Utah beach Juno beach Sword beach Gold beach
Battle of midway
June 4-7, 1942
The turning point of the war in the pacific
USS Yorktown and USS Hammann sunk
The 6 first frigates and commission date
Constellation Constitution Congress Chesapeake President United States March 27, 1794
What do the 3 stars on the Coxswain pin mean?
The 3 operations of the Vietnam War
Market Time TF115
Game Warden TF116
Mobile Riverine Force TF117
Who is the father of the brown water navy
Admiral Elmo R Zumwalt jr
Launched the sealords
October 8, 1968
Conditions that led to the creation of navy explosive ordnance and divers
During WWII first volunteers trained with British UN-exploded ordinance (UXO) teams
1941-1945-19 classes graduated and were deployed throughout the pacific
Originally named Mobile Explosive Investigative Units (MEIU)
Handles, defuses and disposed of ammunition and explosives
SECNAV
Conducts recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping, training, and mobilizing and demobilizing
Oversees the construction, outfitting and repair of naval ships, equipment and facilities
Formulates and implements policies and programs that are consistent with the national security policies and objectives established by the president and the secdef
CNO
Responsible to the SECNAV for the command, utilization of resources and operating efficiency of the operating forces of the navy and of the navy shore activities assigned by the secretary
A member of the joint chiefs of staff the CNO is the principal naval advisor to the president and to the SECNAV on the conduct of war and is the principal advisor and naval executive to the secretary on the conduct of the activities of the department of the navy
MCPON
Senior enlisted person in the navy, serves as the senior enlisted leader of the navy and as an advisor to the CNO and to the chief of naval personnel in the matters dealing with enlisted personnel and their families
An advisor to the many boards dealing with enlisted personnel issues, is the enlisted representative of the department of the navy at special events may be called upon to testify on enlisted personnel issues before congress and maintains a liasion with enlisted spouse organizations
Fleet master Chief
The navy’s fleet force CNO directed and command master Chief program is a valuable asset, which stimulates free flowing communications and ensures the highest standards of professionalism are upheld at all levels within the chain of command.
Fleet M/C, Force M/C, CNO directed command M/Cs and command M/C strengthen the chain of command by keeping the commander/commanding officer aware of existing or potential situations as well as procedures and practices which affect the mission, readiness, welfare and moral of sailors in the command
Force master Chief
Report directly to their respective commanders/commanding officers. They participate in formulating and implementing policies concerning morale, welfare, job satisfaction, discipline, utilization, and training of navy enlisted personnel by reporting directly to their commanders
Keep their chain of command aware and informed of sensitive and current issues
Commanding Officer
As set forth in US navy regulations, the CO is charged with the absolute responsibility for the safety, wellbeing, and efficiency of his or her command.
Executive Officer
The XO is the direct representative of the commanding officer. The XO shall be primarily responsible under the CO for the organization, performance of duty and good order and discipline of the entire command. He will recognize the right and duty of a head of department to confer directly with the CO on matters specifically relating the his department
CMDMC
The CMDCM is the enlisted advisor to the command on the formulation and implementation of the policies pertinent to the morale, welfare, job satisfaction, discipline, utilization and training of all enlisted personnel and as such the CMC has direct access to the CO.
N1
Observe and report to the XO on the effectiveness of an administrative policy, procedures and regulations of the command
N3
Reports to the CO concerning operations, intelligence and tactical employment of the unit and assigned aircraft.
Reports to the XO for the administration of the operations department
N4
Under the CO, responsible for OPTAR funds, material items and COSAL inventory
N6
Operates and administers the end segments or operator positions of the radio and landline facilities at the communication activity
7 NECC commands
Coastal riverine force
Maritime civil affairs and training command
Explosive ordinance disposal
Naval construction force
Naval expeditionary intelligence command
Naval expeditionary logistics
Expeditionary combat readiness command
Development of the navy safety and occupational health program
Navy historically maintained SOH program to protect its people and property
Navy safety program includes: explosives safety, nuclear safety, aviation safety, acquisition and system safety, traffic safety and off duty safety
Chief of naval operations special assistant for safety matters has traditionally managed the overall SOH program
Safety and occupational health (SOH)
What is the purpose of ORM
Decision making tool used by personnel at all levels to increase effectiveness by identifying assessing and managing risks
OPNAVINST 3500.39C
3 types of ORM
Time critical -mental and oral review of situation
Deliberate- brainstorm to identify hazards and develop controls
In-depth - deliberate process involving thorough risk assessment
5 steps of ORM
I- identify hazards A- asses hazards M- make risk decisions I- implement controls S- supervise
4 principles of ORM
Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost
Accept no unnecessary risk
Anticipate and manage risk by planning
Make risk decisions at the right level
Hazard severity codes
Category 1- loss of mission capability, unit readiness or asset, death
Category 2- significantly degraded mission capability or unit readiness, severe injury or damage
Category 3- degraded mission capability or unit readiness, minor damage to equipment
Category 4- little or no impact to mission capability or unit readiness, minimal injury or damage
Mishap probability codes
Subcategory A- likely to occur: immediately or within a short period of time
Subcategory B- probably will occur in time: expected to occur several time to an individual item or person
Subcategory C- May occur in time: can reasonably be expected to occur sometime to an individual item or person
Subcategory D- unlikely to occur: not impossible
Hazard Severity
An assessment of the potential consequence that can occur as a result of a hazard and is defined by the degree of injury, illness, property damage, loss of assets (time, money,personnel) or effect on the mission or task.
Consideration must be given to exposure potential
Mishap probability
As assessment of the likelyhood that a potential consequence may occur as a result of a hazard and is defined by assessment of such factors as location, exposure (cycles or hours of operations) affected populations, experience, or previously established statistical information
Hierarchy or preferred control measures for fall hazards
Elimination-removing hazard
Prevention- isolating hazard
Engineering controls- design change
Administrative controls- implementing workplace practices
What is the purpose of the hazmat program
Identifies safety and occupational health functions and defines requirements and responsibilities for shore activity and region
Hazardous material control and management, focuses on preventing, minimizing or eliminating the introduction of hazardous materials
Safety handling and disposing of hazardous waste
Safety and occupational health training requirements
Safety orientations Hearing conservation Asbestos hazards Respiratory protection Lead Exposure monitoring Hazardous material Confined space entry Ergonomics Weight handling PPE
Purpose of safety standdown
Summer months
Winter months
Trends in command
Promotes safety by covering topics mishaps
(Drugs, alcohol, motorcycle, stress.. etc)
Mishap Classifications
Class A- resulting in total cost of property damages in an amount of 1 million or more or an injury or illness, result in a fatality or permanent disability
Class B- resulting in total cost of property damage in 200k or more but less than 1million. An injury or illness resulting in partial disability or when 3 or more persons are hospitalized
Class C- total cost of damages is 20k or more but less than 200k, an event involving one or more persons that results in one or more days away from work
Globally harmonized system
standard phrases assigned to a hazard class and category that describe the nature of the hazard. The symbols, signals words and hazard statements have all been standardized and assigned to specific hazard categories and classes as appropriate Hazard pictograms convey health, physical and environmental hazard information
At what decibel is single hearing protection requires
85-96 decibels
At what decibel is double hearing protection required
96 decibels and above
What are the risk factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD)
Force Repetition Awkward or static posture Vibration Contact stress
Palletization
The prevent damage to a units cargo and equipment during movement, it is essential to use proper palletizing techniques as listed in military standard 174D, palletized unit loads. Each pallet must be able to withstand inclement weather and rough handling.
Weighing and marking cargo
To correctly move equipment, it must be prepared, marked and labeled correctly. There are two main divisions; vehicle and general cargo
UIC Marking
NATO
Embarkation boxes, crates & pallet boards
Hazmat ID labels, chemical/safety
Hazmat label (generic shippers declaration) and out on 3 sides of container
SOLID 5 POINT BLACK STAR= used by NATO is to identify US military vehicles
Shoring
Shoring and dunnage May be required when loading cargo and equipment on all modes of transportation. The unit owning or presenting the equipment for shipment is responsible for purchasing and providing the shoring and dunnage required for movement
4 types of shoring
Sleeper
Rolling
Parking
Approach
Joint inspection
JI
Joint inspection is recorded on form DD-2133, joint airlift inspection record
All equipment must be properly prepared and documented before it can be loaded on any aircraft. Must be approved that equipment is safe and ready to fly
463L Pallet System
Aluminum shell with soft wood core framed on all sides by aluminum rails
22 tie down rings each of 7500lb restraint capacity 88x108x96in (84x104in usable)
Empty weight 290, 355 with cargo netting
Max load with the use of a complete set of nets is 10,000lbs of cargo
If loads exceeds the limit, shoring must be used to spread the load over a large area
C-130 Hercules
Primary use- intra theater
6 pallets, 90 passengers, 62k gallons fuel
Tactical airlift, provides airdrop and air land support to forward operating locations.
Typical missions include moving cargo from main theater staging bases to the front lines
Can take off on shorter distance and land on uneven ground
C-17 globemaster
Primary use-intra theater
18 pallets, 102 passengers, 184k gallons
Typical mission: tactical airlift of outsized items of cargo to small austere airfields at or near the battle area, be aerial delivery or air land methods
C5 galaxy
Primary use inter theater
36 pallets, 344 passangers, 332,500 gallons of fuel
Strategic airlift of outsized cargo
Typical mission: moves cargo such as large helos, tanks and communications vans.
Largest plane, opens from the front and back.
KC10 Extender
Primary use inter theater
22 pallets. 75 passengers, 356k gallons of fuel
Strategic airlift
Typical mission is for refueling
Calculating Center of balance for Cese equipment
Weigh all axles (combined weight of axle), establish a reference datum line (RDL) at the front axel, measure distance from RDL to all axels (to center of dual axels) compute moments for all axels or combines axels divide total movements by total weight to determine CB. Mark each axel weight, center balance, and gross weight. Moment equation from a reference datum line (RDL) (front line)
Weight x distance = moment
Time phased force deployment data (TPFDD)
The TFPDD is both a force requirements and a prioritized transportation movement document. The TFPDD defines the combatant commanders time-phases lift requirements for supplies, equipment and replacement personnel needed to sustain the forces specified during force planning
3 phases of TFPDD
Concept
Plan development
Review
Military sealift command mission
The mission of the MSC is to provide ocean transportation of equipment, fuel, supplies, and ammunition to sustain US forces worldwide across the romo for as long as operational RQMTs dictate. MSC provides the sea transportation component for USTRANSCOM. MSC operates ships that provide combat logistics support to USN
Military sealift command strategies
Sustainment of sealift capability
Preposition assets at strategic locations
Surge sealift capability of critical weapons and equipment
Maritime pre-positioning force (MPF) (13)
Marines, Seabees, HMs
Deploys MAGTF
(marines air-ground task force)
Locations- Rota, Diego Garcia, Guam
Afloat prepositioning force(APF) (over 30)
Op Funds
OPTAR funds are derived from the activity’s projected expenditures based on the amount used during the previous 12 months and their operating schedule for the next 12 months. The activity submits it’s budget request to their type commander who then consolidates until it makes its way to the POTUS. He then send Congress a budget. They then pass appropriation bills into law. Those funds are then distributed back through commands.
Army supply Class I
Rations- food, free health and comfort items
Army supply Class II
Expendables- individuals equipment, tentage, organizational tool sets and kits, hand tools, unclassified maps, administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment
Army Supply Class III
POL- petroleum, oil and lubricants: petroleum, fuels, lubricants, hydraulic and insulating oils, preservatives, liquids and gases, bulk chemical products, coolants, driver and antifreeze compounds and additives of petroleum and chemical products and coal
Army supply Class IV
Construction materials, including installed equipment and all fortification and carrier materials
Army supply Class V
Ammunition of all types, bombs, explosives, mines, fuses, detonators, pyrotechnics, missiles, rockets, propellants and associated items
Army supply Class VI
Personal demand items
Health and hygiene products, soaps, toothpaste, writing materials, snack food, beverages, cigarettes, batteries, alcohol, cameras
Army supply Class VII
Major end items such as launchers, tanks. Mobile machine shops, and vehicles
Army supply Class VIII
Medical material, equipment and consumables including repair parts to peculiar medical equipment.
Army supply Class IX
Repair parts and components to include kits, assemblies and sub assemblies required for maintenance support of all equipment
Army supply Class X
Material to support nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and economic development
Army supply Miscellaneous
Water, salvage, captured material
Purpose of Table of allowance (TOA) TA77
An equipment allowance document which prescribed basic allowances of organizational equipment and provides the control to develop, revise or change equipment inventory data
Government commercial purchase card
Intended to streamline small purchase methods, minimize paperwork, eliminate petty cash, streamline payment process and simplify the admin effort associated with purchases of supplies and services
What is the purpose of shipper declaration of dangerous goods
Document hazardous cargo
Use a generic shippers declaration for dangerous foods format
Describe hazmat
Provides handling information
Units are required to have MCO P4030.19H readily available
(Preparing hazardous materials for military air shipments )
Cargo containers
Side opening container Flat rock loader Half-height container (halfcon) PALCON quadruple container Triple container ISO ISU
Embarkation
ACL
Allowable cabin/cargo load
Amount of the passengers/cargo that may be transported by a specific aircraft
Embarkation
CRE/CRT
Contingency response element
Contingency response team
Embarkation
Marshaling
Process by which units move equipment, cargo, and personnel to temporary staging area near embarkation points
Embarkation
AACG
Arrival airfield control group
Responsible for receiving all airlifted items and movement from airfield to deployment site
Embarkation
DACG
Departure airfield control group
Responsible for controlling the flow of personnel, cargo, and equipment from the marshaling area to the aircraft
How many types of shoring are used during embarkation operations?
4
Sleeper- under the frames of vehicles over 20k with balloon tires. Protects vehicles from bouncing
Rolling- protects aircraft parking ramp and cargo from cleated treads
Parking- 3/4” disperses weight
Approach- decreases the approach angle of loading ramps
Convoy troop leading procedures
receive the mission Issue warning order Make a tentative plan Initiate movement Reconnoiter Complete the plan Issue the convoy brief Supervise
Additional factors for convoy planning
Gun trucks
Use of forward security element
Maintain OPSEC
Destruction plan
How does the operating target (OPTAR)/budget impacts your department
Funds for administrative and housekeeping items, forms, routine maintenance tools not specifically related to but which may be used in, the repair equipment and other items having a limited shelf life such as lubricants, boiler compound and bilge cleaner
DD FORM 1348-6
The DD FORM 1348-6 is recommended for requisitioning material that is not identified by a national stock number (NSN) or NICN
NAVCOMPT 2276
Reimbursable work order
NAVSUP 1250-2
General MILSTRIP requisitioning forms- will be used only when facilities are not available to the requisitioning activity to enable automated transmission of documents or the requisition coding structure does not provide sufficient data to assist the supply source in making supply decisions
DD FORM 448 (MIPR)
Interdepartmental purchase request is a method for transferring funds by one military organization to another to procure purchases of supplies or equipment for the requiring service. The MIPR May be accepted on a direct citation or reimbursable basis
SF44
Purchase order/ invoice voucher
A pocket size multipurpose purchase order form designed primarily for on the spot over the counter purchases of supplies and non personal service.
It is a purchase order, receiving report, invoice and public voucher
DD FORM 1155
Fuel purchases- used to document all fuel purchases from commercial sources
SF30
Modification of change of price
DD FORM 200
Survey is the expenditure of material when it is lost, damaged, unserviceable or non-ready for issue (NRFI) and is not economically repairable
Table of allowance
An equipment allowance document that prescribes basic allowances of organizational equipment and provides the control to develop, revise, or change equipment authorization inventory data
Joint acquisition review board
The MNC-I joint acquisition review board is a review system to ensure the command is make good financial decisions
Joint facilities utilization board
A joint board that evaluates and reconciles component requests for real estate, use of existing facilities, inter-service support and construct to ensure compliance with joint civil military engineering board priorities
AKA JFUB
Procedure for gardening vehicles
Cover the cargo bed of troop carrying vehicles with at least a double interlocking layer of sandbags. Cover the cab floor of all vehicles with a double layer under the driver seat.
Place a heavy rubber or fiber mat over the sandbags to reduce danger from fragments of sand/metal parts.
Sandbags May also be placed on the good, fuel tank and fenders
Convoy commander/ ACC
The leader charger with responsibility for the planning, preparation, execution and tactical employment of a convoy
The ACC is prepared to assume the duties of CC and responsible for logistics and maintenance of vehicles, weapons, communications and other key equipment support of the convoy
Lead vehicle commander
Performs convoy navigation duties, communicates checkpoints, turns, danger areas, maintains convoy speed/interval as seen from their location or via radio
Vehicle commander
Responsible for standard equipment requirements (ammunition, food, water, fuel, etc)
As well as organizing and rehearsing crew drills of assigned vehicles
Diver/ A driver
Primary duty is to drive, scan assigned sector of observation, is prepared to return fire in extreme situations. Can be rotated out when required
Crew served weapons operator
Responsible for primary and alternative sectors of fire, targets greatest threat along the route
Designated marksman
The purpose of the designated marksman is to facilitate precision fires
Medic
Render medical treatment and supervise evacuation of casualties
Littler team
ARE personnel that are responsible for providing. Buddy aid, preparation of casualties for movement and or evacuation
Landing zone team
The LZ team consists of a minimum of two personnel responsible for establishing and marking the Liz for possible MEDEVAC or other required support provided by air
Assault team
Personnel with the convoy to act as an assault element in the event the convoy encounters heavy enemy action requiring the convoy to halt
Recovery team
Maintenance recovery personnel and vehicles should be designated to assist with maintenance and recovery of convoy assets along the route
Security personnel
All other personnel participating in the convoy
File formation
Best used with inexperienced or foreign drivers
Simple, usable at night but interval will have to be compress
Minimizes IED blast effects
Disadvantages- weak left flank security, reduced field of view, reduced headlight coverage at night
Staggered formation
Used only on multi lane roads
Allows for all around security, greater flexibility
Permits ease of maneuver during contact, greater headlight coverage at night
Disadvantages- requires more command and control and driver experience, more vulnerable to IED blast effects
Offset formation
Used to block third party traffic and assists in changing lanes
Combines flexibility of stagger with the ease of the file formation
Allows COnvoy commander to control third party traffic
Disadvantages- vulnerable to IED blast effects, difficult to command and control
Inverted T formation
Used on multi lane roads, convoy runs the centerline if their lanes limits third party vehicle infiltration
Disadvantages- requires experienced drivers, weak left flank security
Difficult to command and control without sufficient communications
Diamond formation
Used on multi lane roads
Limits third party vehicle infiltration
Disadvantages- requires experienced drivers, difficult to command and control without sufficient communications
Downed driver
Vehicle commander gains control of steering wheel- if possible third person pulls driver out of drivers compartment and vehicle commander moves into drivers seat
Bailout
Crew on the cold side dismounts, assumes hasty position to the rear of the vehicle and returns fire
Hot side returns fire until clear to dismount on the cold side. C moves to the front of the vehicle.
Assumes firing positions using the vehicle as cover
Establish 360 degree security
Look for indicators of enemy presence
Hasty vehicle recovery
Use a strap, cable, or chain. Position the tie downs beforehand
After fire superiority is obtained, recovery vehicle moves forward. Driver stays in vehicle while VC ties onto disabled. VC gets into disabled vehicle to steer/work on brakes.
Recovery vehicle moves and pulls disabled
Recovery vehicle moves to rally point to reconfig to more stable towing. If unable to get in front of disabled vehicle, push through is an option. Premounting a used tire on the front of the vehicle assists in push through
In stride hasty vehicle recovery
If vehicle is disabled, the driver and VC extend the strap from both the disabled and recovery vehicle.
Recovery vehicle moves alongside disabled vehicle.
VC and driver attach connecting device and release straps
Recovery vehicle continues to move forward slowly taking up the slack and pulling the vehicle out.
Dismount/remount procedures
Dismount is called by the VC
Dismounts do not get in between any vehicles but protect space between vehicles. Dismounts use buddy teams to over watch each other. They already maintain line of sight with the buddy. Rear security is the only one behind a vehicle but should stay off to the side. If necessary dismounts use hand motions and verbal commands to motion civilians back. If that fails they use weapons at port arms to to motion civilians back. If more force is required dismounts ensure actions taken are in accordance with ROE. Remount given by CC
React to contact- Blow through
Speed up
Signal, visual signal to indicate general direction of enemy
Return fire, proportional and accurate fires within the ROE
Send a report
Move to a rally point away from site based on SOP and METT-TC
Establish 360 degree security
Send ACE report
Continue the mission
React to contact, recovery, no obstacle
Convoy is forced to stop. Dismount and establish 360 degrees of security. Maintain sector of scan/fire. Look for indications of enemy presence. Achieve fire superiority. Report to higher and request assistance if needed. Recover casualties from cold side. Recovery vehicle executes hasty recovery. Convoy continues movement to rally point, establishes 360 security. CC sends ACE report and convoy continues mission
React to contact- recovery- obstacle
Crowd or other impediment prevents movement and convoy is forced to stop. VC and other personnel in vehicles dismount. drivers and CSW operators remain on vehicle and remain ready to react. Establish 360 security, maintain sector, scan for enemy presence, achieve fire superiority. Dismounts recover casualties from cold side
CC assessed situation, establishes a hasty defense and awaits QRF or directs escorts force to assault through ambush using fire and maneuver
Hasty attack
Gun trucks, designated marksman, assault force suppress identified threat with accurate fires
Gun trucks maneuver to suitable position to protect convoy and cutoff enemy egress route by fire
Sectors of observation and fields of fire in a convoy
Sector of observation is comprised of the entire area visible to the crew member
Drivers sector of observation is from 9 o’clock to 1 o’clock
VCs sector is from 11 o’clock to 3 o’clock
Sector of fire is the area that be covered with direct fire
Drivers sector of fire is from 9 to 11 o’clock
VC sector of fire is from 1 to 3 o’clock
Convoy communications
Vehicle internal
Vehicle to vehicle
External to convoy
Characteristics of IED/VBIED
Constructed using mortar shells, mines, diesel fuel, rockets
Can be hidden in pot holes, dead animals, on poles, vehicles
Disguised as trash, buckets, bags, cans
Command detonated, victim detonated, timed
Dropped or attached to things
Enemy will usually have line of sight to kill zone
IEDs can be daisy chained.. one sets off all
5 Cs (IED)
Confirm Clear Cordon Control Check
Purpose of first aid
To save lives and prevent further injury
Asphyxiation
Drowning, choking, exposure to poisonous fumes
Treatment: maintain open airway, head tilt chin lift/ jaw thrust maneuver, remove individual from the hazardous environment
Hemorrhage
Loss of blood from the circulatory system due to gun shots, stab wounds, punctured and IED
Treatment: direct pressure/ compression, elevation and pressure points
Cardiac arrest
Irregular beating of the heart, lower chambers
Treatment- CPR, AED, higher medical care
Fractures
A break in a bone or cartilage due to blunt force trauma, falls, auto accident or weak bones
Treatment- control bleeding if present, splint as found, seek higher medical attention
Burns
Caused by sun, electricity, chemical agents and scalding heat
Treatment- remove from source, remove constricting clothes, treat for shock, control bleeding, and loose apply moist dressing
Shocks
Result from trauma, blood loss, heat stroke and allergic reaction
Treatment- keep casualty warm and calm, treat any life threatening injury, transport to higher medical care
2 types of fractures
Simple(closed) a simple fracture is one in which the injury is entirely internal
Treatment-splint,do not move casualty until injury has been splinter unless necessary to save life or prevent further injury
Compound (open) an open fracture is where the bone protrudes through the flesh
Treatment- stop bleeding by direct pressure, treat wound then fracture
Arterial bleed
Bright red blood spurts from the wound
Venous bleed
Dark red blood flows from the wound
Capillary bleed
Bleeding is slow oozes from the wound
Bleed control techniques
Direct pressure- first and most effective
Pressure dressing- aid in blood clotting and compress the open blood vessel
Indirect pressure- in conjunction with direct pressure and elevation
Tourniquet- last resort
Systems of shock
Anxiety Nausea Weak pulse Thirst Pale skin Shallow breathing Enlarged pupils
Treatment of shock
Maintain open airway Control breathing Keep warm Elevate legs Give nothing by mouth Request medical assistance
Rule of 9s
Of greater importance that the depth of the burn in evaluating the seriousness of the condition is the extent of the burned area. A first degree burn over 50% of the body surface area may be more serious than a third degree burn over 3%. The rule of 9s is used to give a rough estimate of the surface area affected
Thermal burn
Caused by fire Hot objects Hot liquids Gases Nuclear blast it fireball
Electrical burn
Caused by electrical wires, current or lighting
Treatment- monitor basic functions, CPR, treat for shock, cover entrance and exit wounds, transport to medical facility
Chemical burn
Contact with wet or dry chemicals or white phosphorus
Treatment- quickly flush the area with water, remove all clothing, neutralize any chemical remaining on affected area, flush again with water, pat dry and move to medical facility
First degree burn
Slight redness, mild swelling, tenderness and painful at sight
Second degree burn
Skin blisters, fluid plasma loss at the surface, severe pain and redness at sight
Third degree burn
Extends through all layers of the skin, skin may look white or charred. Skin, muscle and even bone may be destroyed
Chest wounds
Stop the bleeding, seal wound on both sides, give nothing by mouth, monitor and treat for shock
Abdominal wounds
Stop the bleeding. Keep exposed intestines moist and covered with abdominal dressing, treat for shock, place casualty in most comfortable position tolerable, do not push intestines back into body
Head wounds
Give no medications, lightly wrap injury, monitor away, lie victim down and maintain C-spine precautions, treat for shocks, seek higher medical care
Eye injury
Cover one or both eyes, seek higher medical care
Facial wounds
Maintain airway, remove any obstructions such as teeth, place victim into a recover position to prevent choking in blood or other items that may induce vomiting. Give nothing by mouth.
Hypothermia
Abnormally low body temperature, due to a prolong exposure to the cold elements
Shivering, drowsiness, troubled breathing, eyes glossy, weak or absent pulse
Treatment- remove from environment, observe airway, CPR if needed, treat other injuries, remove wet clothing, warm by water or skin to skin, treat for shock
Frost bite
Ice crystals form in tissue
Reddens, numbness, hard to touch, loss of feeling in toes and fingers
Treatment- remove wet clothing, warm thawed extremities, do not rub, sterile gauze between tors and fingers
5 methods to transporting a victim
Stokes stretcher Blanket drag Fireman carry Arm carry Pack strap carry
**move casualty feet first
Heat stroke
Extremely high body temperature 104 degrees or more
Headache, nausea, dizziness, or weakness, flushed, dry and hot, pupils will constrict and pulse fast and strong
Move casualty to cool area, remove as much clothing as possible, douse with cool water, apply ice packs to head, neck, arm outs, groin and ankles, IV fluids
Move to higher medical care
Heat exhaustion
Signs similar to shock
Temperature 99-103.9 degrees
Ashen gray, skin is cool, moist and clammy and the pupils may be dilated
Most common heat related injury
Treat as if in shock, give cool water, loosen clothing and apply wet clothes to head, maxilla, groin and ankles
Heat cramps
Move victim to cool place and gently massage muscles to relieve spasms, give cool water: salt (1 tsp/quart water)
Excessive sweating can lead to pain cramps in the muscles in the abdomen, legs and arms. Heat cramps may also result from drinking too much ice water or other cold drinks or drinking them too quickly
Tactical casualty combat care (TCCC) triage
Immediate- require lifesaving surgery
Delayed- in need of time consuming surgery
Minimal- relatively minor injuries, can care for self
Expectant- wounds so extensive; survival would be unlikely; provide comfort measures for these casualties
TCCC Care under fire
- Expect casualty to stay engaged as a combatant if appropriate
- Return fire as directed or required
- Try to keep yourself from being shot
- Try to keep casualty from sustaining additional wounds
- Airway management is generally best deferred until tactical field care phase
- Stop any life threatening external hemorrhage
TCCC Tactical field care
- casualties with an altered mental status should be disarmed immediately
- airway management
- breathing
- bleeding
- IV
- Fluid resuscitation
- Inspect and dress known wounds
- check for additional wounds
- Analgesia as necessary
- Sprint fractures and recheck pulse
- Antibiotics: for all open wounds
- Communicate with patient .. 13. CPR
TCCC tac-evac
- airway management
- breathing 3. Bleeding
- IV 5.fluid resuscitation
- Prevent hypothermia 7. Penetrating eye tra
- inspect and dress known wounds
- Check for additional wounds
- Provide analgesia
- reassess fractures and recheck pulses
- Antibiotics
- The pneumatic anti-shock garment (PSAG) May be useful for stabilizing pelvic fractures and controlling pelvic and abdominal bleeding
- Documentation of care
What special gauze is used in the field to aid in the control of bleeding?
Combat gauze- used on extremities only, applied with at least 3 minutes of direct pressure
What does most stand for?
M- mechanism of injury
I- injuries or illness
S- symptoms and vital signs
T- treatment given
Given after a 9 line MEDEVAC
What are the 3 methods of communications in areas where oral communication is not reliable?
Whistle signals
Special signals (horn, klaxon, Siren, pistol, rifle)
Arm and hand signals
What is the comms plan?
The primary purpose of tactical communication is to enable and support C2. Communications planning must be detailed enough to provide clarity, but also flexible enough to respond to the chaos inherent in the battle space and during the conduct of military operations
Command and control
Enables the naval commander to understand the situation in his battle space
As defined in joint publication 142 command and control is “the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission
Process of command and control
Plan , directing, coordinating, and controlling of forces and operations from a high level
It’s a continuous cyclical process called the decision and execution cycle AKA the OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, act)
Command and control allows a commander to make effective decisions and direct the successful execution of military operations
What are the 3 levels of intelligence
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
What is the purpose of naval intelligence
Intelligence is the product resulting from the collection, exploitation, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas
What are the 5 principles of intelligence
Know the adversary Ensure unity of intelligence effort Commanders needs are paramount Plan for combat Use an all source approach
7 key attributes of intelligence
Timeliness Objectivity Usability Availability Thoroughness Accuracy Relevance
What are the 5 steps of the intelligence cycle
Planning and direction Collection Processing Production Dissemination
OPLAN
Operation plan- detained statement of a course to be followed to accomplish a future mission
OPORD
Operation Order- OPORD puts the OPLAN in effect, it is a formal statement issued by the senior commander to subordinate commanders that outlines the coordinated execution of a future operation in the field
WARNORD
Warning order- a brief statement outlining the patrols general or special organization, specific uniforms, ammo, weapons, equipment, chain of command, time schedule
FRAGO
Fragmentary order- an abbreviated form of an operation order issued as needed after an operation order to change or modify that order or the execute a branch or sequel to that order
EXORD
Execution order- initiates supply personnel and admin procedure required for a unit movement
DEPORD
Deployment order- May be contained in a warning order. Is a change to alert status of units and movement of selected forces to preposition for impending operations
CONOPS
Concept of operations- a doctrine, defined as being the “a verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses what the joint force commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources
Message precedence
R- routine: 6 hours or less
P- priority: 3 hours or less
O- immediate: 30 minutes or less
Z- flash: ASAP, objective less than 10 minutes
Two-person integrity (TPI)
Two person integrity is the security measure taken to prevent single person access to COMSEC keying material and crypto maintenance manuals
Access
The ability and opportunity to obtain knowledge of classified information
Classification
The determination that official information requires in the interest of national security, a specific degrees of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made
FOUO, unclass, classified, secret, top secret
Compromise
A security violation which has resulted in confirmed exposure of classified information or material to a person
Need to know
A determination made by an authorized holder of classified information that a prospective recipient requires access to specific classified information
Clearance
A formal determination that a person meets the personnel security standards and is thus eligible for access to classified information other than that protected in a special access program
3 types of clearances
Confidential
Secret
Top secret
EEFI codes
01- position 02- capabilities 03- operations 04- electronic warfare 05- personnel 06- COMSEC 07- wrong circuit
EEFI
Elements of friendly information, identify specific items of information which is revealed, transmitted immediately to and correlated with other information, which would degrade unit safety and security.
Bead window
Real time procedure used to alert circuit operators that an unauthorized disclosure has occurred over a non-secured circuit
HF radio Freq
High frequency
3MHZ - 30MHZ
VHF radio Freq
Very high frequency
30MHZ - 300MHZ
UHF radio freq
Ultra high frequency
300MHZ - 3GHZ
SATCOM radio freq
Satellite communications
CEOI
Communications electronic operating instruction
Instruction that contains your command and signal portion of your SMEAC, passwords and challenges, call signs, frequencies, crypto, circuits, phone directories
What is he purpose of a day time group on a message?
For identification purposes
Day-time- time zone-month and year
What is the purpose of an unexploded ordnance report?
Takes immediate action to prevent death, injury or damage to material, reported UXO hazard using the UXO spot report format
OPCON
Operation control commanders at or below the combatant commander exercise OPCON as their command authority. OPCON is inherent in COCOM and is the authority to perform the functions of command over subordinate forces.
TACON
Tactical control the CNIC uses TCON to limit the authority to direct the tactical use of combat forces. Normally limited to the detailed and specified local direction of movement and maneuvers of the tactical force to accomplish assigned task
ADCON
Administrative control direction or exercise of authority necessary to fulfill military department statutory responsibilities for admin and support
COCOM
Combatant commands commands authority authorized by title 10, us code, section 164 or as directed by the president. Provides full authority to organize and employ commands and forces as the combatant commander considers necessary to accomplish assigned missions
OPREP 3, NAVY BLUE
Incidents of high level, US NAVY interest
Armed attack against navy vessel
OPREP 3, UNIT SITREP
Incidents that do not meet the PINNACLE OR NAVY BLUE reporting criteria
(DUI, Domestic violence)
Factors that affect radio comms
Weather, terrain, antenna, power, location of radio
Trying to communicate near man made objects (bridges/buildings)
Static interference (near power lines/generators)
Interference from other radio stations, bad weather or enemy jamming
Dug in emplacements
Fighting positions provide cover and camouflage/concealment for personnel and physical assets. At the same time, fighting positions must allow soldiers/marines and their weapon systems to engage and destroy enemy forces from the position
Survivability operations
Survivability is quality or capability of military forces which permits them to avoid or withstand hostile actions or environmental conditions while retaining the ability to fulfill their primary mission
Individual fighting positions
Individual fighting positions protect one or more dismounted soldiers/marine armed with individual weapons intended to be operated by an individual rather than by a crew while supporting their ability to engage the enemy from the position
Individual fighting positions are generally constructed in defense in generally rural areas, made as small as possible to present the smallest target to the enemy but wide enough to accommodate an mans shoulders and deep enough to use entrenching tools at the bottom
Hasty
Dig up dirt in front and quick as possible
One man fighting
Rifle length and width.
The height is up to the armpits. 30% angle for a genade sump, 10% angle for the water sump.
Two man fighting
2 rifle length and one rifle width, the height is up to the shorted mans armpit, 30% angles for a genade sump, 10% angle for the water sump
Three general rules for camouflage
Take advantage of all available natural concealment
Camouflage by altering the for , shadow, texture, and color of objects
Camouflage against both ground and air observation
Utilizing BAMCIS, describe the planning process for issuing a five paragraph order
Troop-leading steps (BAMCIS)
The troop leading steps are a sequence of events which unit leaders use in most tactical operations. These steps do not always occur in a specific order, many times two or more may occur concurrently. The troop leading steps are simply a tool which aids leaders in formulating initial plans and time schedules upon receipt of a mission
BAMCIS
- B
Begin planning
The receipt of a mission triggers the entire BAMCIS cycle, however, tactical planning is anticipatory and continuous. To make effective use of available time, the leader issues a warning order to his subordinates.
BAMCIS
- A
Arrange for reconnaissance
If possible the unit leader arranges for a physical reconnaissance of his objective, route or defensive position. He considers the route, security, subordinates to accompany him and the time for available for reconnaissance. If a physical reconnaissance is impossible the commander should at least use a map, aerial photo or visual reconnaissance from a vantage point in order to conduct his leaders reconnaissance.
BAMCIS
- M
Make reconnaissance
The commanders recon will either confirm his plan or cause him to make adjustments. On a physical reconnaissance selected subordinate leaders normally accompany him. The personnel accompanying the leader will vary according to the tactical situation. The leader should take as many subordinate leaders as the situation requires, while other subordinate leaders supervise the preparations necessary for the upcoming mission
BAMCIS
- C
Complete the plan
After updating his estimate of the situation (METT-T) with information gained during his reconnaissance, the leader makes his decision as to how he will accomplish the mission and completes his operation order
BAMCIS
- I
Issue the order
The leader issues his order orally to his subordinate leaders. Combat orders introduces operation orders and order issuing techniques
BAMCIS
- S
Supervise
The leader ensures that his plan is adhered to by listening to his subordinate leaders as they issue orders by inspecting marines and their equipment and by observing them as they conduct rehearsals. He also ensures adherence to any established time line. If any changes to the original plan are required due to recent changes in the situation. The commander must adjust his plan accordingly
2 tapes of compass
Lensatic
M2
Lad Nav requires what
Map
Compass
Pace count
Grid system utilized on all military maps
The military grid reference system is the geo coordinate standard used by NATO militaries for locating points on earth
Land nav
Intersection
The location of an unknown point by successively occupying at least two, preferably the known positions and sightings on the unknown point. It is used to locate features not depicted on the map or not readily identifiable.
Land nav
Resection
Is the location of the users unknown position by sighting on two or three known features that are identifiable on the map
SALUTE
S-size A-activity L-location U-unit T-time E-equipment
When observed activities of the enemy do not pose a threat
SPOT
S-size
P-position
O-observation
T-time
Modified salute report
Rapid way to inform COC of the vital information and should be followed up with a salute report
Security Patrol
Concerned with defensive combat
Reconnaissance Patrol
Information gathering patrols
Twelve Patrol and planning and preparation steps
- Study Mission
- Plan the used time
- Study terrain and situation
- Organize Patrol
- Select equipment/personnel
- Issue warning order
- Coordinate
- Make recon
- Complete detail plans
- Issue Patrol order
- Supervise
- Execute
Organization of a Patrol for movement
The patrols task organization establishes the elements and teams needed to accomplish the mission in the objective area to and from the objective. The patrol leader determines the formation in which the patrol moves to the objective area
What is the purpose of combat hand and arm signals?
Communicate without sound. Short and to the point
What are the 4 Fire team formations
Column
Wedge
Skirmishers
Echelon
Fire team formation
Column
Permits rapid, controlled movement favors fire and maneuver to the flanks
Vulnerable to fire from the front and provides the least amount of fire to the front
Fire team formation
Wedge
Permits good control
Provides all around security
Formation is flexible
Fire is adequate in all directions
Fire team formation skirmishers
Maximum firepower to the front
Used when the location and strength of the enemy are known, during the assault, mopping up and crossing short open areas
Fire team formation echelon
Provides heavy firepower to front and echeloned flank
Used to protect an open or exposed flank
Article 1 code of conduct
I am an American, fighting in the forces which guard my country and our way of life. I am prepared to give my life in their defense
Article II of code of conduct
I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist.
Article III code of conduct
If I am captured I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and to aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy.
Article IV code of conduct
If I become a prisoner of war, I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information or take part in any action which might be harmful to my comrades. If I am Senior I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of those appointed over me and will back them up in every way.
Article V code of conduct
When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service member and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will make no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause.
Article VI code of conduct
I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions and dedicated to the principles which made my country free. I will trust in my god and in the United States.
Procedures for handling detainees/ enemy prisoners of war
Never attack those who surrender Never kill, torture 9or mistreat prisoners Never take personal property Do not violate their civil rights You may have to relocate civilians You may not use poison or poison weapons
What are the 6 S and T of Enemy prisoner of war
Search Secure Silence Segregate Safeguard Speed Tag
Firing techniques
Pieing
The weapon is aimed at a sector of a window, doorway, corner or hallway and slowly moved at different angles, sectoring off the window, doorway, corner, or hallway until each sector is cleared of any threat. As soon as a hostile threat is seen, immediate, accurate fire can be placed on the threat.
Firing techniques
Aim quick fire
As the rifle is brought up the firing eye looks through or just over the rear sight aperture and the front sight post is used to aim at the target. The marine fires two quick shots. Focus remains on the front sight post throughout the aiming process
Firing techniques
Pointed quick fire
When a target appears the marine will keep both eyes open, concentrating intensely on a small specific focal point near the base of the target mass. The rifle is brought simultaneously to the hollow of the shoulder. The head is held high, stock welded to the jaw. The eyes are 2-3 inches over the top of the sights, staring intently at the Target. As soon as the rifle is brought to the shoulder, two quick shots are fired. Focus on the target is not broken during the interval between seeing the target and discharging the rifle.
Firing techniques
Instinctive shooting
If possible the marine should engage the threat by using the tip of the front sight post. However, speed may be more important. The marines weapon and body are quickly pointed and the target is engaged. It is important that the body be turned with the weapon in order to achieve a natural point of aim.
Trajectory
Path of a projectile through the air
Burst of fire
The number of shots in a burst of fire is limited by several factors, including the size and shape of the target, ground formation and ammunition supply.
Cone of fire
When a burst is fires, the vibrations of the gun and tripod, variations in ammunition and conditions of the atmosphere give each bullet a trajectory differing slightly from that of the others. The resulting group of trajectories is known as the cone of fire.
Beaten zone
the area on the ground which the cone of fire falls
Dead space
An area within the maximum range of a weapon which cannot be covered by fire or observation from a particular position because of intervening obstacles, the nature of the ground, the characteristics of the trajectory or the limitations of the pointing capabilities of the weapon
Danger spaces
The area from the muzzle of the gun, out to and including the beaten zone, where a standing man will be hit, somewhere on his body by some part of the cone of fire.
Point targets
Targets having a width or depth no greater than the beaten zone for the ground in which they are located are considered as point targets and are engaged by fixed fire
Wide targets
When a pair of guns engage frontal targets which are 100 miles or less in width for the heavy gun and 50 miles or less in width for the medium gun and are also less than the length of the beaten zone in depth, the normal traversing Method is used
Oblique targets
Using a squad of guns, oblique targets are engaged with combined traversing and searching fire
Area targets
Targets which cannot be covered by either traversing fire or searching fire alone or by combined traversing and searching fire are called area targets. The area which can be covered effectively by a squad of guns or by a selection of four guns is small because of time and ammunition required by this type.
Moving targets
The fundamentals used to hit loving targets are the small as those needed to hit stationary targets. However, the procedures to engage moving targets vary as the angle, speed, and range of the target vary. Targets moving directly at the gunner are engaged the same as the stationary target. There is no change in the application of the fundamentals. Fast moving targets are varying ranges and angles do require changes in the application of steady position and aiming.
Sectors of fire and fire discipline
Lateral limit- line of sight
Forward limit- firing range
Elements of mission planning
Mission analysis COA development COA war game COA comparison and development Order development
Elements of a mission plan
SMEAC
S- situation M- mission E- execution A- administration and logistics C- command and signal
METT-TC
M- mission analysis E- enemy forces T-terrain/weather another analysis T- troop and support available T- time available C- civilian consideration
KOKOA
K- key terrain O- observation C- cover and concealment O- obstacles of approach A- avenue of approach
SAFE
S- secure area
A- automatic weapons
F- fields of fire
E- entrenchments
DRAW-D
D-defend R-re-enforce A-attack W-withdraw D-delay
METOC
Meteorological and oceanographic
Provides detailed data on topography and environmental parameters
FPCON Normal
General threat
FPCON Alpha
Increased threat
FPCON Bravo
More predictable threat
FPCON Charlie
Intel indicates or an actual event occurs
FPCON Delta
Area in which an attack has occurred
Antiterrorism and force protection plan
Specific measures and procedures to protect critical assets, capabilities, infrastructure and personnel. Based on terrorist threat level, assets critical to the mission, ability to execute mission of attacked, risk of attack and capability to penetrate physical security systems.
Assessment zone
Assessment zone around the ECP includes the visual range of the base gate guard, pier watch or quarterdeck watch. It is within the assessment zone that active and passive security measures are employed to identify, detect, classify and assess possible threats
Warning zone
The warning zone at an ECP is a physically separated area closer to the critical asset than the assessment zone where unknown and authorized personnel are inspected and identified. In this zone, IDs and access lists are checked and the purpose of the visits is confirmed.
Threat zone
The area past the ECP standoff zone to the protected asset or area. No unauthorized personnel should be allowed in this area. All watch standers should clearly understand authorized used of force in the threat zone.
Performing a vehicle search
Note time of inspection Walk completely around vehicle Tap drivers side front tire Tap passengers side front tire Tap passengers side rear tire Tap drivers side rear tire Check trunk Close trunk Look in exhaust pipe
Deadly force
Force that a person uses causing or that a person knows or should know would create a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily harm
8 circumstances for deadly force
- Inherent right of self defense
- Defense of others
- Assets vital to national security
- Inherently dangerous property
- National critical infrastructure
- Serious offense against persons
- Arrest or apprehension
- Escape
Escalation of force
Presence Verbal Soft control Hard control Intermediate weapons Deadly force
What is the purpose of SROE?
To provide implementation guidance on the application of force for mission accomplishment and the exercise of the inherent right of self defense per joint chief of staffs
Combatant
Armed forces: uniformed/armed; participating directly in armed conflict during hostilities
Non-combatants
Civilian populace, non-uniformed/unarmed Includes: Medical officers Corpsmen Chaplains Technical representative Civilian war correspondents
Examples of violations of the LOAC
Offenses against non-combatants, wounded, sick, POWs, deliberate attacks on medical transports and unlawful destruction and pillaging of public and private property
Open fire
Gunners are clear to open fire assuming a clear field of fire exists
Cease fire
Gunners cease fire immediately while keeping positive control of their weapons
Check fire
Gunners stop firing to check the effect of rounds fired
Response to commands
Gunners depart all orders given by coxswain
MHE
Material handling equipment
Forklifts
WHE
Weight handling equipment
Cranes
9-11240/13
Operators inspection guide, trouble report
Record of discrepancies
DD 1970
Motor equipment utilization record or an activity generated trip ticket, shall be employed as the basic document for information concerning the utilization of motor vehicles and shall be prepared in accordance with instructions on the back of the form
Organic CESE
Basic allowance of equipment approved by CNO and published twice a year as a naval facilities engineering command notice
On our TOA(table of allowance)
Identify with blue triangle and white writing
Augment CESE
Requested when an assigned project requires more equipment then the organic allowance supplies
Not on out TOA(table of allowance) has to import equipment from another source
Identify with opposite of organic equipment. White triangle with blue writing
Standard form 91 mishap report
Detailed statement of incident, record damage to government motor vehicles
5Ws
P-300
Provides administrative and technical instructions to be used by all people concerned with the administration, operation, and maintenance of automotive vehicles, construction and railway equipment referred to as CESE
P-307
Provides requirements for the maintenance, inspection, test, certification, repair, alteration and/ or use of cranes under the technical cognizance of the naval facilities engineering command
OF/346
Standard government motor vehicle license. This form is carried when operating a government vehicle on and off base. It lists the types of vehicles the individual is licensed to operate.
Good for 3 years
11260/2
Construction equipment license. Maintained by the license examiner and kept in the operators record
Good for 2 years
Gives proper authority to operate the equipment
Class A assigned CESE
Continuing assignments, full-time assignment of a specific nonstandard vehicle to an individual billet
Class B assigned CESE
Recurring dispatch assignments, automotive vehicle authorized in writing by the local commander to an organizational unit of the command or a tenant activity on a regular or continuous basis for conduct of official business
Class C assigned CESE
Pool vehicles, all DOD vehicles not designated as class A or class B, pooled for performance of services on an on call basis
Security zones
Established to provide protection to HVAs and to control civilian/ commercial vessel traffic in a designated area. DOD has authority over security zones outside US government. USCG has authority over security zones within areas of Us government
What are the 3 security zones
React
Intercept
Assessment
React
Ideally zone extends 1000yds from HVA, distance for this zone may be based on FPCON in effect for AO
Intercept
Ideally zone extends 1000yds from the other boundary of react, distance for this zone may be based on the FPCON in effect for that AO, physical characteristic of terrain, activity and corresponding threat analysis
Assessment
Outermost security zone from HVA, extends to reach of organic and inorganic sensors, establishing authorities will specify procedures and limits of zone in appropriate OPORD or directive for operational area
What are the factors that determine navigability of waterways
Currents Depth of waterways Water levels Natural obstacles Manmade obstacles
SITREP
Report of a situation, disposition and status of forces including overview, intelligence, operations, logistics, communications, personnel and commanders assessment
high seas AT/FP
Provides comprehensive approach in addressing terrorist threats
Ships and aircrafts are sovereign diplomatic clearance for entry in foreign areas
Waterborne threat
Small craft
Personnel armed with small arms could injury personnel and cause equipment casualties, also assualts by explosives or RPGs
Waterborne threats
Aircraft
Determining hostile intent and engagement can be difficult, warning zones, broadcasts and procedures must be established that are consistent with ROE/RUF
Waterborne threats
Deep draft vessels
Block major port/waterways, cause closure of key ports, tankers, container ships, merchant ships can be used as a bomb transport vehicles
Waterborne threats
Subsurface threats
Come in the form of swimmers/divers, submerged delivery vehicles, mines; low cost and simple
Waterborne threats
Swimmers/divers
Used to insert recon and saboteur teams, mines or torpedos, summers will take advantage of night divers may use breathing apparatus/ bubble free rebreather equipment
Waterborne threats
Mines/IED
Can cause serious damage to shipping and block ports
SCOF Level 1
Show presence Hail by radio, warn to remain clear Verbal hail Sound siren/5 horn blasts/ flash lights Hand movements Man weapon stations Use ambiguous warning device Aggressively maneuver between COI and HVA to encourage COI change of course Herd contact to change to desired direction
SCOF Level II
Use of flares or other authorized visual/audible warning devices
Shines spotlight on COI pilothouse
Blocking the COI by positioning boat to counter the COIs heading
Shouldering/ herding the COU to cause course change in desired location
Train weapons on COI
SCOF level III
Warning the COI it will be fired upon Warning shots (across bow)
SCOF Level IV
Use disabling fire
Use directed destruction fire
Waterborne defense in depth
Established by creating assessment, warning and threat zones. Should be created large enough to determine hostile intent and to engage small boat threat as far as possible from HVA
SLIST chemical protective ensemble
Service lightweight integrated suit technology
Provides protection against liquid, solid and/or vapor CB agents and radioactive alps and beta particles. It is a lightweight garment and it can be laundered up to 6 times for personal hygiene
What is the shelf life of the SLIST chemical protective ensemble?
5 years
How long can the SLIST chemical protective ensemble last when opened?
45 days
How long can a SLIST chemical protective ensemble last while contaminated?
24 hours
What do you do after laundering the SLIST chemical protective ensemble?
Mark the tag after washing
What does NAAK stand for?
Nerve agent antidote kit
What does NAAK contain?
3 atropine injections
3- 2 Pam chloride
What are the 3 types of anti-personnel agents?
Chemical
Biological
Radiological
Chemical agents
Chemicals intended for military operation to kill, seriously injure or incapacitate personnel
Biological agents
Is the use of biological agents (pathogens or toxins) as a weapon
Radiological agents
Is when radiation (nuclear bomb) is used as a weapon
Effects of biological agents
Biological operations use living organisms to cause death or disease. They act on living matter only. Most organisms that produce disease enter the body of the victim and grow in the human tissues. Some organisms produce toxins in food and water and the poison causes disease after the victim eats or drinks it
Effects of nuclear weapons
Nuclear weapons produce explosions of great force and heat and release nuclear radiation. The primary purpose is the mass destruction of property and personnel. Their effects are divided into 3 categories, blast, heat, And nuclear radiation
What are he 4 categories of radiological warfare?
Blast
Thermal radiation (heat)
Nuclear radiation
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)
Blast
Extremely high temperature and pressure generated by a nuclear burst immediately converts all material in the fireball into hot compressed hard. The gases expand rapidly in all directions, creating a shock wave in the surrounding medium. Pressure increases sharply producing overpressure which is a crushing force with accompanying winds
Thermal radiation (heat)
Thermal energy is actually a form of electromagnetic radiation. As such it travels at the speed of light and it reaches the ship before most other weapon effects. The temperature reaches tens of millions in degrees
Nuclear radiation
Variable forms of emissions from both the detonation process and residual radioactive debris that result in subatomic rearrangement of matter or the formation of ion particles
Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)
An intense electromagnetic field that builds up to maximum strength within fractions of a second after a nuclear explosion. It can damage unprotected electrical and electronic equipment by inducing strong electric currents into the circuitry (similar to lightning)
What are the 3 types of nuclear explosions
Air burst
Surface burst
Sub-surface burst
Air burst
The shockwave that produces in the air by explosion
Surface burst
Detonation is above the surface of the earth. Fireball touches the surface of the earth, producing air blast, thermal radiation and electromagnetic pulse
Sub-surface burst
Detonation is below the surface of water, produces underwater shock
What are the four types of nuclear radiation
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Neutrons
Alpha particles
Only travels a few centimeters, they cannot penetrate even a thin sheet of paper
Beta particles
Can travel several feet, they cannot penetrate a sheet of aluminum but they can penetrate a uniform
Gamma rays
A form of EM radiation that can travel great distances in air. Pure energy, not easily stopped; penetrates every region of the body, most damaging from initial blast.
Neutrons
Greatest penetrating power, most prevalent during initial blast. Does not affect most materials in any visible manner, but radioactive contamination is hazardous to personnel
What is MOPP
Mission oriented protected posture system
It’s a flexible system for protection against chemical agents
Facilitated mission accomplishment in chemical warfare
MOPP 0
Mask carry
MOPP 1
Mask carry
Suit is worn
MOPP 2
Mask carry
Suit
Boots
MOPP 3
Mask worn
Suit
Boots
Hood
MOPP 4
Mask worn Suit Boots Hood Gloves
M8 chemical agent detector paper
Detects liquid nerve or blister agents Hazard areas determines, through a color change of the paper comparison on the M8 booklet Red H and L blister Yellow G series nerve Green VX nerve
M9 chemical agent detector tape
A tape that detects liquid chemical agents by color changes. Sense spots can be various shades of red, blue, yellow, green
gray or black spots are not from a liquid chemical agent, these are false positives
M256 chemical agent detector kit
Used to detect and identify blood, blister and nerve agents present either as liquid or vapor. May be used to determine when it is safe to unmask, to locate and identify chemical hazards also to monitor decontamination effectiveness.
What is in an M256 chemical agent detector kit?
Booklet of M8 paper
12 disposable sampler detectors individually sealed in a plastic laminated foil envelope and a set of instruction cards attached by a lanyard to the plastic carrying case
2 categories of chemical warfare
Chemical agents
Chemical compounds
2 classifications of biological warfare
Pathogens
Toxins
Radiological marker sign
White with black atom marking
Biological marker sign
Blue with red bio marking
Chemical marker sign
Yellow with red gas marking
Chemical minefield marker sign
Red with yellow gas mines marking with yellow strip under the marking
M291 skin decontamination kit
Used to decontaminate exposed skin in a chemical environment and prior to entering the contamination control area.
M296 individual equipment decontamination kit
M295 kit allows personnel to decontaminate their individual equipment through physical removal and sorption of chemical agents
What are the three types of chemical warfare agents?
Casualty agents
Incapacitating agents
Harassing agents
Casualty agents
Highly poisonous and are intended to kill someone
Incapacitating agents
Interferes with mental processes that control bodily functions (shock or fatigue)
Harassing agents
Tear and vomiting gases that cause temporary disability
What are the 4 types of casualty agents?
Blister agents
Blood agents
Choking agents
Nerve agents
When and where was the first large scale use of chemical weapons in a war?
April 22, 1915
Leper, Belgium
Used several types of chemical weapons including mustard gas, resulted in 90k deaths and over 1 million casualties during the war
What are the SECNAVS operational energy goals and desired outcomes?
By 2020 50% of total energy consumption will come from alternative sources
DON will produce at least 50% off shore based energy requirements from alternative sources. 50% of DON installations will be net zero
What are our units operational energy goals
Reduce fuel consumption by 15% when compared to FY 2008 baseline by changing how equipment is used.
Increase fuel efficiency of end items by 15% when compared to the baseline
What is the first step that has to be established in regards to measuring fuel usage
NECC fuel data architecture AS IS and TO BE model will be developed to understand the gaps between current methods to capture fuel use. The two options to capture fuel usage data manually and by the use of sensors
What are the top five energy consumers in the table of allowance
MTVR 36% Construction Equipment, MHE, and motor transport group 31% Watercraft group 17% Generator group 10% ECU Group 5%
What are the five initiatives to increase energy efficiency
More efficient environmental control units
Improved energy efficiencies for CESE
insulated shelters
Highly efficient portable water generation capability
LED lighting
what is DODs 3 fold approach to meeting operational energy goals
More flight, less fuel- reduce the demand for energy in military ops
More options, less risk- expand and secure supplies for military
More capability, less cost- build energy security into the future force
What are the most common types of alternative energy sources
Renewable energy- wknd and solar
Alternative fuels- biofuels and fu derived from coal
Fuel cells
PMS
Planned maintenance system
MDS
Maintenance data system
MRC
Maintenance requirement card
MIP
Maintenance index page
LOEP
Lost of effective pages
FR
Force revision
EGL
Equipment guide list
TGL
Tag guide list
CSMP
Current ships maintenance project
CASREP
Casualty report
JSN
Job sequence number
EVS
Equipment validation sheet
FTSC
Fleet technical support center
What instructions cover 3M
OPNAVINST 4790.4C 3M manual
OPNAVINST 4790.4D 3M navy policy manual
OPNAVINST 5100.23G Navy occupational safety and health program ashore
When do you use a danger tag?
Prevent death or serious bodily harm and severe damage to equipment
When do you use a caution tag
It is used for giving temporary special instructions, prevent minor damage or injury
What information is on the MRC
Hazmat/ MSDS Man hours Steps for maintenance actions Tools required Tag out requirements
How do you verify an MRC?
MRC to MIP
MIP to LOEP
LOEP to change page (FR)
What does the W-1 and A-1 indicate of the MRC periodic code?
W- weekly
A- annually
What maintains the 13 week report?
The work center sup
Why is the 13 week report maintained?
Maintained for a record of personal accountability of PMS accomplishment
Who is the 3m manager?
The XO
What is the function of the 3 M coordinator?
The functional manager of the 3m program and is responsible to the XO
What is 3m
A management tool that provides efficient and uniform methods for conducting and recording preventative, alterative and corrective maintenance. Ensures the extended life and operation of naval equipment and assets
What are the 3 types of maintenance
Preventive
Alterative
Corrective
What is IEM
Inactive, Equipment Maintenance
What is IEM status I and II
Status I- used if Equipment is in a nonuse status for prolonged amount of time
Status II- used when Equipment is down and in need of repair and awaiting parts/ corrective action, or when being removed from station/shipped out
When are periodicity checks for 3m
Daily Weekly Monthly Quarterly Semiannual Annual Every 24 months Situational/ when required Layup Start up
What are the non calendar checks?
R- situational/when required
LU- layup
SU- start up
What document provides your work center with a list of active and cleared tag outs?
Tag out index and record of audit sheet
What situations would require you to tag out the equipment
Operating the equipment would place personnel in harms way
Turning on the equipment could damage the equipment
What is the first step in tagging out a piece of CESE
Obtaining the authorizing officers permission
What functions is a tag out index and record of audit sheet is used for?
Assist in auditing tagouts
Ensure that tags are issued sequentially by serial #s
Provide a list of archives and cleared tagouts
What document lists all MIPS applicable to the workcenter
LOEP
What is the basic list of all MRCs for a piece of equipment
Maintenance index page
What block of the MEC would contain caution notes
Safety precaution
What block on the MRC includes info on where the equipment is stowed
Location block
Who fills in the serial and date blocks of the category A&B feedback report
3M coordinator
What feedback report is submitted via naval message
Urgent
What feedback report do you submit in clarification of 3M instruction and other matters related to PMS administration
Category A, non technical
What PMS board forms the basis for long term scheduling
Cycle board
How often is the quarterly schedule updated
Once a week
What schedule identified actual task when they’re due
Weekly
What status is assigned to equipment that is inactive for 30days or longer and is directly subject to corrective maintenance, overhaul or removal for safe storage/replacement
Status II
What type of actions are accomplished on a recurring basis during the inactive period to prevent equipment deterioration
Periodic maintenance
Who’s responsibility is it to notify the WCS when a maintenance requirement cannot be accomplished
Maintenance person
Who assists the 3MC in managing multiple work centers
3MA
What document in the workcenter PMS manual would tell you the proper tools and procedures?
MRC
What periodicity code is used for every 2nd day
2D
What periodicity code is used for every 5 months
5M
How is a fully completed maintenance task annotated on the weekly schedule
X
What status is assigned to equipment that will remain onboard, will be inactive for 30 days or longer and is not scheduled for corrective maintenance or overhaul?
Status I
What is used to ensure that the equipment validation is performed correctly
equipment validation sheet
What is expeditionary forces goal for finishing all equipment validation
18 months
What are camp fundamentals
Sufficient space for command dispersion
Concealment from ground and air observations
Protection from bombing and staffing attacks
Protection from mechanized attack
What are the key features to consider in site selections
Control of access site Access to seaport and airport Electric power availability Source of quality of portable water Adequacy of sewage disposal facilities Potential environmental health hazards Communication equipment and radio frequency availability and capability
What are some considerations to take upon arrival to theater
Establish contact with the higher adjacent authority (host nation)
Liaison with the host nation or other adjacent forces
Decide if you want to have tactical convoy or admin
Establish safety/ORM
Plan immediate action drills
Arrange HAS (higher adjacent support)
What are the four types of camp?
Base
Logistical
Unit
Expeditionary
What are the 5 phases of camp setup
Planning Site survey/ security Establishment Maintenance Rear down
What are the four ways to dispose of sewage?
Burn
Bury
CAT hole
Diesel fuel
What is the setup used in an initial camp site
Security of the space- setup security before digging in
Automatic crew serve weapons- set up weapons oriented to most likely avenue of approach
Fields of fire- clear field of fire
Entrenchment-emplacement fighting position
What are the campsite plans
Berthing plan Physical security plan Heavy weather plan Medical/MEDEVAC procedures Fire bill Watch quarter and station bill Camp rules and regulations
What is the difference between a fire bill and fire plan
Fire bill is the emergency fire fighting procedures and fire evacuation plan
Fire plan establishes gun mounts and fighting positions throughout camp
What are camp services
Berthing Messing Sanitary facilities Power production and lighting distribution Medical Transportation Trash disposal Fuel (storage and distribution) Hazmat
How many feet between the food and the bathroom
300ft
How many feet from food to billeting
200ft
How many feet between billeting to bathroom
200ft
How many feet from gray water to food?
200ft
How many feet from generator to billeting
50ft
How many feet from bathroom/ billeting and food to the road?
50ft
How many feet from bathrooms/ billeting and food to fuel?
300ft
What are the 3 types of work orders?
Emergency/service work
Specific job order work requests
Standing job orders
Emergency/ service work order
Requires less than 16hrs, less than 100 dollars
Specific job order work requests
Requires more than 16hrs, more than 100 dollars
Standing job orders
Requires 40hrs or more (repetitive in nature)
What are the priority work classifications
Safety
Function
Preventive
Appearance
What is a leach field
Used to dispose sewage and gray water into the ground
Constructed of 4-6in perforated pipe
Pipes are 5-10 feet apart, laid out in a herringbone pattern
Chlorination
Drain and filter through the semi-permeable membrane
Application of chlorine (2parts per million) to make water potable
Super chlorination
Used to disinfect the water containers
Application of chlorine (100 parts per million)
Not safe to drink
Base tent
12 person max
10 for comfort with full gear
ECP setup
5 barriers
Always have a 50cal gun mount watch
Have secondary ECP
Weapons safety rules
Treat every weapon as if it were loaded
Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot
Keep finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire
Keep weapon on safe until you intend to fire
Know target, backstop and what lies beyond
Hero safe ordnance
An ordnance item sufficiently shielded or protected to make it immune to adverse effects from radio frequency fields, when used in it’s expected shipboard radio frequency field environment
Hero susceptible ordnance
Ordnance containing electro explosive devices proven by tests to be adversely affected by radio frequency field energy to the point that safety or reliability may be in jeopardy when the ordnance is used in the radio frequency field environment
Hero unreliable ordnance
Any electrically initiated ordnance item including those having a HERO SAFE or HERO SUSCEPTIBLE classification whose performance is degraded when exposed to the radio frequency environment
Hero unsafe ordinance- any electrically initiates ordnance item that becomes unsafe when:
It’s internal wiring physically exposed
Test being conducted on the item require additional electrical connections to be made
EEDs having exposed wire leads are present, handles or loaded
The item is being assembled or disassembled
The item is in a dissembled condition
The item contains one or more EEDs and has not been classified as HERO safe or susceptible by either a test or design analysis
How many feet is the safe separation distance for radio and cell phone communications to HERO ordnance
Minimum 10 feet from any transmitting antenna
International rules of the road
Specific rules for all vessels on the high seas and in connecting waters navigable by seagoing vessels.
Inland rules of the road
Applies to all vessels upon the inland waters of the US and to vessels of the US on the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes to the extent that there is no conflict with Canadian law
What 3 environmentals effect small boats
Seas
Winds
Current
How to determine safe speed
State of visibility Traffic density Stopping distance and turning ability Night Wind, sea and current Limitations of the radar equipment Effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather Ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar
Plan of intended movement
PIM
A charred course for boats movement including waypoints, distance, time, true and magnetic north, speed and destination
Line of position
LOP
If the bearing is taken on a single object, the line drawn is called a bearing LOP. The observed bearing direction must be corrected to magnetic or true direction and plotted. The compass rose can be used to provide the direction. A single observation gives an LOP, not a position
Dead Reckoning
Determination of estimated position of a craft by adding to the last fix the crafts course and speed for a given time and
Compass bearing
Compass bearing of an object is its direction from the boats compass north measured in degrees
Relative bearing
Relative bearing of an object is its direction from the boats bow at 000 degrees, measured clockwise through 360 degrees
Fix
A fix is the point of intersection of two or more simultaneously obtained LOPS indicating your ships exact position on the chart. The accuracy of a fix obtained from two LOPS is almost always questionable. Since we have already stated that accuracy is of the utmost importance in piloting. You must always strive to obtain theee or more lines of position for an accurate fix
IALA-B bouy system
North and South America, Japan, South Korea and the Philippines
Green bouys to port
Starboard, red right returning (when entering from seaward)
IALA-A bouy system
Europe, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, most of Asia
Port-red bouys
Starboard- green bouys
What are the elements of a contact report
Bearing Position angle Target angle Range estimation Speed estimation
Overtaking a vessel
Any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken. A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaken when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the stern light of that vessel but neither or her sidelights.
Head on
Unless otherwise agreed, when two power driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of each other
Crossing
When two power driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her starboard side shall keep out of the way
High tide
The maximum height of the water resulting from the rising tide
Low tide
The minimum height of the water resulting from the outgoing tide
Mean high water
Is a tidal datum that is the average of all the high water heights observed over the national tidal datum epoch (19 year average)
Mean low water
Is the tidal datum that is average of all the low water heights observed over the national tidal datum epoch (19 year average)
Spring tide
Tides that occur as a result from both solar and lunar influences. When these two bodies are in line with earth their combined effect causes high tides to be higher than average and low tides to be lower than average
Neap tide
When the direction of the sun and moon are 90 degrees apart, as when the moon is in the first and last quarter, the gravitational effect of the sun counteracts that of the moon enough that both high and low tides are lower than normal
Flood current
The horizontal motion of water toward the land caused by a rising tide
Ebb current
The horizontal motion away from the land caused by a rising tide
Slack water
The period that occurs while the current is changing direction and has no horizontal motion
Set
The direction toward which the water is flowing. A ship is set by the current. A southerly current and a north wind are going in the same direction. Measured in degrees (usually true)
Drift
The rate/speed at which a vessel moves due to the effects of wind, wave, current, or the accumulative effects of each, usually expressed in knots
Restricted visibility
Any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rain, sandstorm or any similar causes
Vessel constrained by draft
A power driven vessel which because of her draft in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following
Vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver
A vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline
Engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater ops
Replenishment, or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway
Launching or recovering aircraft
Mine clearance ops
Towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and get tow their ability to deviate from their course
Vessel not under command
A vessel which through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by these rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel
Power driven vessel
Any vessel propelled by machinery
Sounding
The nautical chart water depth is measured downward from sea level at low water. A chart describes the bottom characteristics to a boat operator. This is accomplished through the use of combinations of numbers, color codes, underwater contour lines and a system of symbols and abbreviations
