Common Core Flashcards
Conditions that led to the formation of the Navy
America’s first based offensive to cut off British resupply lines during the revolutionary war
Qualities that characterize the navy/marine corps team as instruments to support national policies
Readiness
Flexibility
Self sustainability
Mobility
Navy’s Birthday
Father of the Navy
October 13, 1775
John Paul Jones
What were the conditions that led to the creation of the Seabees?
During WWII armed construction workers were critically needed in combat
Significance of March 5, 1942 (Seabees)
Seabees name was granted
Bureau of yards and docks
Created by Admiral Ben moreell
Birthday of the Seabees
Battle of Coral Sea
May 6-8, 1942, battle fought entirely by aircraft launched from carriers, the two fleets never saw each other
Purpose was to stop invasion of Australia
USS Lexington was sunk
What carriers were involved in the battle of coral sea?
USS YORKTOWN
USS LEXINGTON
UN SHO HO
UN SHO KAKU
UN ZUI KAKU
Invasion of Normandy
June 4, 1944
Largest amphibious operation in history
Completed landings successfully and eventually pushed on into Germany
Omaha beach Utah beach Juno beach Sword beach Gold beach
Battle of midway
June 4-7, 1942
The turning point of the war in the pacific
USS Yorktown and USS Hammann sunk
The 6 first frigates and commission date
Constellation Constitution Congress Chesapeake President United States March 27, 1794
What do the 3 stars on the Coxswain pin mean?
The 3 operations of the Vietnam War
Market Time TF115
Game Warden TF116
Mobile Riverine Force TF117
Who is the father of the brown water navy
Admiral Elmo R Zumwalt jr
Launched the sealords
October 8, 1968
Conditions that led to the creation of navy explosive ordnance and divers
During WWII first volunteers trained with British UN-exploded ordinance (UXO) teams
1941-1945-19 classes graduated and were deployed throughout the pacific
Originally named Mobile Explosive Investigative Units (MEIU)
Handles, defuses and disposed of ammunition and explosives
SECNAV
Conducts recruiting, organizing, supplying, equipping, training, and mobilizing and demobilizing
Oversees the construction, outfitting and repair of naval ships, equipment and facilities
Formulates and implements policies and programs that are consistent with the national security policies and objectives established by the president and the secdef
CNO
Responsible to the SECNAV for the command, utilization of resources and operating efficiency of the operating forces of the navy and of the navy shore activities assigned by the secretary
A member of the joint chiefs of staff the CNO is the principal naval advisor to the president and to the SECNAV on the conduct of war and is the principal advisor and naval executive to the secretary on the conduct of the activities of the department of the navy
MCPON
Senior enlisted person in the navy, serves as the senior enlisted leader of the navy and as an advisor to the CNO and to the chief of naval personnel in the matters dealing with enlisted personnel and their families
An advisor to the many boards dealing with enlisted personnel issues, is the enlisted representative of the department of the navy at special events may be called upon to testify on enlisted personnel issues before congress and maintains a liasion with enlisted spouse organizations
Fleet master Chief
The navy’s fleet force CNO directed and command master Chief program is a valuable asset, which stimulates free flowing communications and ensures the highest standards of professionalism are upheld at all levels within the chain of command.
Fleet M/C, Force M/C, CNO directed command M/Cs and command M/C strengthen the chain of command by keeping the commander/commanding officer aware of existing or potential situations as well as procedures and practices which affect the mission, readiness, welfare and moral of sailors in the command
Force master Chief
Report directly to their respective commanders/commanding officers. They participate in formulating and implementing policies concerning morale, welfare, job satisfaction, discipline, utilization, and training of navy enlisted personnel by reporting directly to their commanders
Keep their chain of command aware and informed of sensitive and current issues
Commanding Officer
As set forth in US navy regulations, the CO is charged with the absolute responsibility for the safety, wellbeing, and efficiency of his or her command.
Executive Officer
The XO is the direct representative of the commanding officer. The XO shall be primarily responsible under the CO for the organization, performance of duty and good order and discipline of the entire command. He will recognize the right and duty of a head of department to confer directly with the CO on matters specifically relating the his department
CMDMC
The CMDCM is the enlisted advisor to the command on the formulation and implementation of the policies pertinent to the morale, welfare, job satisfaction, discipline, utilization and training of all enlisted personnel and as such the CMC has direct access to the CO.
N1
Observe and report to the XO on the effectiveness of an administrative policy, procedures and regulations of the command
N3
Reports to the CO concerning operations, intelligence and tactical employment of the unit and assigned aircraft.
Reports to the XO for the administration of the operations department
N4
Under the CO, responsible for OPTAR funds, material items and COSAL inventory
N6
Operates and administers the end segments or operator positions of the radio and landline facilities at the communication activity
7 NECC commands
Coastal riverine force
Maritime civil affairs and training command
Explosive ordinance disposal
Naval construction force
Naval expeditionary intelligence command
Naval expeditionary logistics
Expeditionary combat readiness command
Development of the navy safety and occupational health program
Navy historically maintained SOH program to protect its people and property
Navy safety program includes: explosives safety, nuclear safety, aviation safety, acquisition and system safety, traffic safety and off duty safety
Chief of naval operations special assistant for safety matters has traditionally managed the overall SOH program
Safety and occupational health (SOH)
What is the purpose of ORM
Decision making tool used by personnel at all levels to increase effectiveness by identifying assessing and managing risks
OPNAVINST 3500.39C
3 types of ORM
Time critical -mental and oral review of situation
Deliberate- brainstorm to identify hazards and develop controls
In-depth - deliberate process involving thorough risk assessment
5 steps of ORM
I- identify hazards A- asses hazards M- make risk decisions I- implement controls S- supervise
4 principles of ORM
Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost
Accept no unnecessary risk
Anticipate and manage risk by planning
Make risk decisions at the right level
Hazard severity codes
Category 1- loss of mission capability, unit readiness or asset, death
Category 2- significantly degraded mission capability or unit readiness, severe injury or damage
Category 3- degraded mission capability or unit readiness, minor damage to equipment
Category 4- little or no impact to mission capability or unit readiness, minimal injury or damage
Mishap probability codes
Subcategory A- likely to occur: immediately or within a short period of time
Subcategory B- probably will occur in time: expected to occur several time to an individual item or person
Subcategory C- May occur in time: can reasonably be expected to occur sometime to an individual item or person
Subcategory D- unlikely to occur: not impossible
Hazard Severity
An assessment of the potential consequence that can occur as a result of a hazard and is defined by the degree of injury, illness, property damage, loss of assets (time, money,personnel) or effect on the mission or task.
Consideration must be given to exposure potential
Mishap probability
As assessment of the likelyhood that a potential consequence may occur as a result of a hazard and is defined by assessment of such factors as location, exposure (cycles or hours of operations) affected populations, experience, or previously established statistical information
Hierarchy or preferred control measures for fall hazards
Elimination-removing hazard
Prevention- isolating hazard
Engineering controls- design change
Administrative controls- implementing workplace practices
What is the purpose of the hazmat program
Identifies safety and occupational health functions and defines requirements and responsibilities for shore activity and region
Hazardous material control and management, focuses on preventing, minimizing or eliminating the introduction of hazardous materials
Safety handling and disposing of hazardous waste
Safety and occupational health training requirements
Safety orientations Hearing conservation Asbestos hazards Respiratory protection Lead Exposure monitoring Hazardous material Confined space entry Ergonomics Weight handling PPE
Purpose of safety standdown
Summer months
Winter months
Trends in command
Promotes safety by covering topics mishaps
(Drugs, alcohol, motorcycle, stress.. etc)
Mishap Classifications
Class A- resulting in total cost of property damages in an amount of 1 million or more or an injury or illness, result in a fatality or permanent disability
Class B- resulting in total cost of property damage in 200k or more but less than 1million. An injury or illness resulting in partial disability or when 3 or more persons are hospitalized
Class C- total cost of damages is 20k or more but less than 200k, an event involving one or more persons that results in one or more days away from work
Globally harmonized system
standard phrases assigned to a hazard class and category that describe the nature of the hazard. The symbols, signals words and hazard statements have all been standardized and assigned to specific hazard categories and classes as appropriate Hazard pictograms convey health, physical and environmental hazard information
At what decibel is single hearing protection requires
85-96 decibels
At what decibel is double hearing protection required
96 decibels and above
What are the risk factors of work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD)
Force Repetition Awkward or static posture Vibration Contact stress
Palletization
The prevent damage to a units cargo and equipment during movement, it is essential to use proper palletizing techniques as listed in military standard 174D, palletized unit loads. Each pallet must be able to withstand inclement weather and rough handling.
Weighing and marking cargo
To correctly move equipment, it must be prepared, marked and labeled correctly. There are two main divisions; vehicle and general cargo
UIC Marking
NATO
Embarkation boxes, crates & pallet boards
Hazmat ID labels, chemical/safety
Hazmat label (generic shippers declaration) and out on 3 sides of container
SOLID 5 POINT BLACK STAR= used by NATO is to identify US military vehicles
Shoring
Shoring and dunnage May be required when loading cargo and equipment on all modes of transportation. The unit owning or presenting the equipment for shipment is responsible for purchasing and providing the shoring and dunnage required for movement
4 types of shoring
Sleeper
Rolling
Parking
Approach
Joint inspection
JI
Joint inspection is recorded on form DD-2133, joint airlift inspection record
All equipment must be properly prepared and documented before it can be loaded on any aircraft. Must be approved that equipment is safe and ready to fly
463L Pallet System
Aluminum shell with soft wood core framed on all sides by aluminum rails
22 tie down rings each of 7500lb restraint capacity 88x108x96in (84x104in usable)
Empty weight 290, 355 with cargo netting
Max load with the use of a complete set of nets is 10,000lbs of cargo
If loads exceeds the limit, shoring must be used to spread the load over a large area
C-130 Hercules
Primary use- intra theater
6 pallets, 90 passengers, 62k gallons fuel
Tactical airlift, provides airdrop and air land support to forward operating locations.
Typical missions include moving cargo from main theater staging bases to the front lines
Can take off on shorter distance and land on uneven ground
C-17 globemaster
Primary use-intra theater
18 pallets, 102 passengers, 184k gallons
Typical mission: tactical airlift of outsized items of cargo to small austere airfields at or near the battle area, be aerial delivery or air land methods
C5 galaxy
Primary use inter theater
36 pallets, 344 passangers, 332,500 gallons of fuel
Strategic airlift of outsized cargo
Typical mission: moves cargo such as large helos, tanks and communications vans.
Largest plane, opens from the front and back.
KC10 Extender
Primary use inter theater
22 pallets. 75 passengers, 356k gallons of fuel
Strategic airlift
Typical mission is for refueling
Calculating Center of balance for Cese equipment
Weigh all axles (combined weight of axle), establish a reference datum line (RDL) at the front axel, measure distance from RDL to all axels (to center of dual axels) compute moments for all axels or combines axels divide total movements by total weight to determine CB. Mark each axel weight, center balance, and gross weight. Moment equation from a reference datum line (RDL) (front line)
Weight x distance = moment
Time phased force deployment data (TPFDD)
The TFPDD is both a force requirements and a prioritized transportation movement document. The TFPDD defines the combatant commanders time-phases lift requirements for supplies, equipment and replacement personnel needed to sustain the forces specified during force planning
3 phases of TFPDD
Concept
Plan development
Review
Military sealift command mission
The mission of the MSC is to provide ocean transportation of equipment, fuel, supplies, and ammunition to sustain US forces worldwide across the romo for as long as operational RQMTs dictate. MSC provides the sea transportation component for USTRANSCOM. MSC operates ships that provide combat logistics support to USN
Military sealift command strategies
Sustainment of sealift capability
Preposition assets at strategic locations
Surge sealift capability of critical weapons and equipment
Maritime pre-positioning force (MPF) (13)
Marines, Seabees, HMs
Deploys MAGTF
(marines air-ground task force)
Locations- Rota, Diego Garcia, Guam
Afloat prepositioning force(APF) (over 30)
Op Funds
OPTAR funds are derived from the activity’s projected expenditures based on the amount used during the previous 12 months and their operating schedule for the next 12 months. The activity submits it’s budget request to their type commander who then consolidates until it makes its way to the POTUS. He then send Congress a budget. They then pass appropriation bills into law. Those funds are then distributed back through commands.
Army supply Class I
Rations- food, free health and comfort items
Army supply Class II
Expendables- individuals equipment, tentage, organizational tool sets and kits, hand tools, unclassified maps, administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment
Army Supply Class III
POL- petroleum, oil and lubricants: petroleum, fuels, lubricants, hydraulic and insulating oils, preservatives, liquids and gases, bulk chemical products, coolants, driver and antifreeze compounds and additives of petroleum and chemical products and coal
Army supply Class IV
Construction materials, including installed equipment and all fortification and carrier materials
Army supply Class V
Ammunition of all types, bombs, explosives, mines, fuses, detonators, pyrotechnics, missiles, rockets, propellants and associated items
Army supply Class VI
Personal demand items
Health and hygiene products, soaps, toothpaste, writing materials, snack food, beverages, cigarettes, batteries, alcohol, cameras
Army supply Class VII
Major end items such as launchers, tanks. Mobile machine shops, and vehicles
Army supply Class VIII
Medical material, equipment and consumables including repair parts to peculiar medical equipment.
Army supply Class IX
Repair parts and components to include kits, assemblies and sub assemblies required for maintenance support of all equipment
Army supply Class X
Material to support nonmilitary programs such as agriculture and economic development
Army supply Miscellaneous
Water, salvage, captured material
Purpose of Table of allowance (TOA) TA77
An equipment allowance document which prescribed basic allowances of organizational equipment and provides the control to develop, revise or change equipment inventory data
Government commercial purchase card
Intended to streamline small purchase methods, minimize paperwork, eliminate petty cash, streamline payment process and simplify the admin effort associated with purchases of supplies and services
What is the purpose of shipper declaration of dangerous goods
Document hazardous cargo
Use a generic shippers declaration for dangerous foods format
Describe hazmat
Provides handling information
Units are required to have MCO P4030.19H readily available
(Preparing hazardous materials for military air shipments )
Cargo containers
Side opening container Flat rock loader Half-height container (halfcon) PALCON quadruple container Triple container ISO ISU
Embarkation
ACL
Allowable cabin/cargo load
Amount of the passengers/cargo that may be transported by a specific aircraft
Embarkation
CRE/CRT
Contingency response element
Contingency response team
Embarkation
Marshaling
Process by which units move equipment, cargo, and personnel to temporary staging area near embarkation points
Embarkation
AACG
Arrival airfield control group
Responsible for receiving all airlifted items and movement from airfield to deployment site
Embarkation
DACG
Departure airfield control group
Responsible for controlling the flow of personnel, cargo, and equipment from the marshaling area to the aircraft
How many types of shoring are used during embarkation operations?
4
Sleeper- under the frames of vehicles over 20k with balloon tires. Protects vehicles from bouncing
Rolling- protects aircraft parking ramp and cargo from cleated treads
Parking- 3/4” disperses weight
Approach- decreases the approach angle of loading ramps
Convoy troop leading procedures
receive the mission Issue warning order Make a tentative plan Initiate movement Reconnoiter Complete the plan Issue the convoy brief Supervise
Additional factors for convoy planning
Gun trucks
Use of forward security element
Maintain OPSEC
Destruction plan
How does the operating target (OPTAR)/budget impacts your department
Funds for administrative and housekeeping items, forms, routine maintenance tools not specifically related to but which may be used in, the repair equipment and other items having a limited shelf life such as lubricants, boiler compound and bilge cleaner
DD FORM 1348-6
The DD FORM 1348-6 is recommended for requisitioning material that is not identified by a national stock number (NSN) or NICN
NAVCOMPT 2276
Reimbursable work order
NAVSUP 1250-2
General MILSTRIP requisitioning forms- will be used only when facilities are not available to the requisitioning activity to enable automated transmission of documents or the requisition coding structure does not provide sufficient data to assist the supply source in making supply decisions
DD FORM 448 (MIPR)
Interdepartmental purchase request is a method for transferring funds by one military organization to another to procure purchases of supplies or equipment for the requiring service. The MIPR May be accepted on a direct citation or reimbursable basis
SF44
Purchase order/ invoice voucher
A pocket size multipurpose purchase order form designed primarily for on the spot over the counter purchases of supplies and non personal service.
It is a purchase order, receiving report, invoice and public voucher
DD FORM 1155
Fuel purchases- used to document all fuel purchases from commercial sources
SF30
Modification of change of price
DD FORM 200
Survey is the expenditure of material when it is lost, damaged, unserviceable or non-ready for issue (NRFI) and is not economically repairable
Table of allowance
An equipment allowance document that prescribes basic allowances of organizational equipment and provides the control to develop, revise, or change equipment authorization inventory data
Joint acquisition review board
The MNC-I joint acquisition review board is a review system to ensure the command is make good financial decisions
Joint facilities utilization board
A joint board that evaluates and reconciles component requests for real estate, use of existing facilities, inter-service support and construct to ensure compliance with joint civil military engineering board priorities
AKA JFUB
Procedure for gardening vehicles
Cover the cargo bed of troop carrying vehicles with at least a double interlocking layer of sandbags. Cover the cab floor of all vehicles with a double layer under the driver seat.
Place a heavy rubber or fiber mat over the sandbags to reduce danger from fragments of sand/metal parts.
Sandbags May also be placed on the good, fuel tank and fenders
Convoy commander/ ACC
The leader charger with responsibility for the planning, preparation, execution and tactical employment of a convoy
The ACC is prepared to assume the duties of CC and responsible for logistics and maintenance of vehicles, weapons, communications and other key equipment support of the convoy
Lead vehicle commander
Performs convoy navigation duties, communicates checkpoints, turns, danger areas, maintains convoy speed/interval as seen from their location or via radio
Vehicle commander
Responsible for standard equipment requirements (ammunition, food, water, fuel, etc)
As well as organizing and rehearsing crew drills of assigned vehicles
Diver/ A driver
Primary duty is to drive, scan assigned sector of observation, is prepared to return fire in extreme situations. Can be rotated out when required
Crew served weapons operator
Responsible for primary and alternative sectors of fire, targets greatest threat along the route
Designated marksman
The purpose of the designated marksman is to facilitate precision fires
Medic
Render medical treatment and supervise evacuation of casualties
Littler team
ARE personnel that are responsible for providing. Buddy aid, preparation of casualties for movement and or evacuation
Landing zone team
The LZ team consists of a minimum of two personnel responsible for establishing and marking the Liz for possible MEDEVAC or other required support provided by air
Assault team
Personnel with the convoy to act as an assault element in the event the convoy encounters heavy enemy action requiring the convoy to halt
Recovery team
Maintenance recovery personnel and vehicles should be designated to assist with maintenance and recovery of convoy assets along the route
Security personnel
All other personnel participating in the convoy
File formation
Best used with inexperienced or foreign drivers
Simple, usable at night but interval will have to be compress
Minimizes IED blast effects
Disadvantages- weak left flank security, reduced field of view, reduced headlight coverage at night
Staggered formation
Used only on multi lane roads
Allows for all around security, greater flexibility
Permits ease of maneuver during contact, greater headlight coverage at night
Disadvantages- requires more command and control and driver experience, more vulnerable to IED blast effects
Offset formation
Used to block third party traffic and assists in changing lanes
Combines flexibility of stagger with the ease of the file formation
Allows COnvoy commander to control third party traffic
Disadvantages- vulnerable to IED blast effects, difficult to command and control
Inverted T formation
Used on multi lane roads, convoy runs the centerline if their lanes limits third party vehicle infiltration
Disadvantages- requires experienced drivers, weak left flank security
Difficult to command and control without sufficient communications
Diamond formation
Used on multi lane roads
Limits third party vehicle infiltration
Disadvantages- requires experienced drivers, difficult to command and control without sufficient communications
Downed driver
Vehicle commander gains control of steering wheel- if possible third person pulls driver out of drivers compartment and vehicle commander moves into drivers seat
Bailout
Crew on the cold side dismounts, assumes hasty position to the rear of the vehicle and returns fire
Hot side returns fire until clear to dismount on the cold side. C moves to the front of the vehicle.
Assumes firing positions using the vehicle as cover
Establish 360 degree security
Look for indicators of enemy presence
Hasty vehicle recovery
Use a strap, cable, or chain. Position the tie downs beforehand
After fire superiority is obtained, recovery vehicle moves forward. Driver stays in vehicle while VC ties onto disabled. VC gets into disabled vehicle to steer/work on brakes.
Recovery vehicle moves and pulls disabled
Recovery vehicle moves to rally point to reconfig to more stable towing. If unable to get in front of disabled vehicle, push through is an option. Premounting a used tire on the front of the vehicle assists in push through
In stride hasty vehicle recovery
If vehicle is disabled, the driver and VC extend the strap from both the disabled and recovery vehicle.
Recovery vehicle moves alongside disabled vehicle.
VC and driver attach connecting device and release straps
Recovery vehicle continues to move forward slowly taking up the slack and pulling the vehicle out.
Dismount/remount procedures
Dismount is called by the VC
Dismounts do not get in between any vehicles but protect space between vehicles. Dismounts use buddy teams to over watch each other. They already maintain line of sight with the buddy. Rear security is the only one behind a vehicle but should stay off to the side. If necessary dismounts use hand motions and verbal commands to motion civilians back. If that fails they use weapons at port arms to to motion civilians back. If more force is required dismounts ensure actions taken are in accordance with ROE. Remount given by CC
React to contact- Blow through
Speed up
Signal, visual signal to indicate general direction of enemy
Return fire, proportional and accurate fires within the ROE
Send a report
Move to a rally point away from site based on SOP and METT-TC
Establish 360 degree security
Send ACE report
Continue the mission
React to contact, recovery, no obstacle
Convoy is forced to stop. Dismount and establish 360 degrees of security. Maintain sector of scan/fire. Look for indications of enemy presence. Achieve fire superiority. Report to higher and request assistance if needed. Recover casualties from cold side. Recovery vehicle executes hasty recovery. Convoy continues movement to rally point, establishes 360 security. CC sends ACE report and convoy continues mission
React to contact- recovery- obstacle
Crowd or other impediment prevents movement and convoy is forced to stop. VC and other personnel in vehicles dismount. drivers and CSW operators remain on vehicle and remain ready to react. Establish 360 security, maintain sector, scan for enemy presence, achieve fire superiority. Dismounts recover casualties from cold side
CC assessed situation, establishes a hasty defense and awaits QRF or directs escorts force to assault through ambush using fire and maneuver
Hasty attack
Gun trucks, designated marksman, assault force suppress identified threat with accurate fires
Gun trucks maneuver to suitable position to protect convoy and cutoff enemy egress route by fire
Sectors of observation and fields of fire in a convoy
Sector of observation is comprised of the entire area visible to the crew member
Drivers sector of observation is from 9 o’clock to 1 o’clock
VCs sector is from 11 o’clock to 3 o’clock
Sector of fire is the area that be covered with direct fire
Drivers sector of fire is from 9 to 11 o’clock
VC sector of fire is from 1 to 3 o’clock
Convoy communications
Vehicle internal
Vehicle to vehicle
External to convoy
Characteristics of IED/VBIED
Constructed using mortar shells, mines, diesel fuel, rockets
Can be hidden in pot holes, dead animals, on poles, vehicles
Disguised as trash, buckets, bags, cans
Command detonated, victim detonated, timed
Dropped or attached to things
Enemy will usually have line of sight to kill zone
IEDs can be daisy chained.. one sets off all
5 Cs (IED)
Confirm Clear Cordon Control Check
Purpose of first aid
To save lives and prevent further injury
Asphyxiation
Drowning, choking, exposure to poisonous fumes
Treatment: maintain open airway, head tilt chin lift/ jaw thrust maneuver, remove individual from the hazardous environment
Hemorrhage
Loss of blood from the circulatory system due to gun shots, stab wounds, punctured and IED
Treatment: direct pressure/ compression, elevation and pressure points
Cardiac arrest
Irregular beating of the heart, lower chambers
Treatment- CPR, AED, higher medical care
Fractures
A break in a bone or cartilage due to blunt force trauma, falls, auto accident or weak bones
Treatment- control bleeding if present, splint as found, seek higher medical attention
Burns
Caused by sun, electricity, chemical agents and scalding heat
Treatment- remove from source, remove constricting clothes, treat for shock, control bleeding, and loose apply moist dressing
Shocks
Result from trauma, blood loss, heat stroke and allergic reaction
Treatment- keep casualty warm and calm, treat any life threatening injury, transport to higher medical care
2 types of fractures
Simple(closed) a simple fracture is one in which the injury is entirely internal
Treatment-splint,do not move casualty until injury has been splinter unless necessary to save life or prevent further injury
Compound (open) an open fracture is where the bone protrudes through the flesh
Treatment- stop bleeding by direct pressure, treat wound then fracture
Arterial bleed
Bright red blood spurts from the wound
Venous bleed
Dark red blood flows from the wound
Capillary bleed
Bleeding is slow oozes from the wound
Bleed control techniques
Direct pressure- first and most effective
Pressure dressing- aid in blood clotting and compress the open blood vessel
Indirect pressure- in conjunction with direct pressure and elevation
Tourniquet- last resort
Systems of shock
Anxiety Nausea Weak pulse Thirst Pale skin Shallow breathing Enlarged pupils
Treatment of shock
Maintain open airway Control breathing Keep warm Elevate legs Give nothing by mouth Request medical assistance
Rule of 9s
Of greater importance that the depth of the burn in evaluating the seriousness of the condition is the extent of the burned area. A first degree burn over 50% of the body surface area may be more serious than a third degree burn over 3%. The rule of 9s is used to give a rough estimate of the surface area affected
Thermal burn
Caused by fire Hot objects Hot liquids Gases Nuclear blast it fireball
Electrical burn
Caused by electrical wires, current or lighting
Treatment- monitor basic functions, CPR, treat for shock, cover entrance and exit wounds, transport to medical facility
Chemical burn
Contact with wet or dry chemicals or white phosphorus
Treatment- quickly flush the area with water, remove all clothing, neutralize any chemical remaining on affected area, flush again with water, pat dry and move to medical facility
First degree burn
Slight redness, mild swelling, tenderness and painful at sight
Second degree burn
Skin blisters, fluid plasma loss at the surface, severe pain and redness at sight
Third degree burn
Extends through all layers of the skin, skin may look white or charred. Skin, muscle and even bone may be destroyed
Chest wounds
Stop the bleeding, seal wound on both sides, give nothing by mouth, monitor and treat for shock
Abdominal wounds
Stop the bleeding. Keep exposed intestines moist and covered with abdominal dressing, treat for shock, place casualty in most comfortable position tolerable, do not push intestines back into body
Head wounds
Give no medications, lightly wrap injury, monitor away, lie victim down and maintain C-spine precautions, treat for shocks, seek higher medical care
Eye injury
Cover one or both eyes, seek higher medical care
Facial wounds
Maintain airway, remove any obstructions such as teeth, place victim into a recover position to prevent choking in blood or other items that may induce vomiting. Give nothing by mouth.
Hypothermia
Abnormally low body temperature, due to a prolong exposure to the cold elements
Shivering, drowsiness, troubled breathing, eyes glossy, weak or absent pulse
Treatment- remove from environment, observe airway, CPR if needed, treat other injuries, remove wet clothing, warm by water or skin to skin, treat for shock
Frost bite
Ice crystals form in tissue
Reddens, numbness, hard to touch, loss of feeling in toes and fingers
Treatment- remove wet clothing, warm thawed extremities, do not rub, sterile gauze between tors and fingers
5 methods to transporting a victim
Stokes stretcher Blanket drag Fireman carry Arm carry Pack strap carry
**move casualty feet first
Heat stroke
Extremely high body temperature 104 degrees or more
Headache, nausea, dizziness, or weakness, flushed, dry and hot, pupils will constrict and pulse fast and strong
Move casualty to cool area, remove as much clothing as possible, douse with cool water, apply ice packs to head, neck, arm outs, groin and ankles, IV fluids
Move to higher medical care
Heat exhaustion
Signs similar to shock
Temperature 99-103.9 degrees
Ashen gray, skin is cool, moist and clammy and the pupils may be dilated
Most common heat related injury
Treat as if in shock, give cool water, loosen clothing and apply wet clothes to head, maxilla, groin and ankles
Heat cramps
Move victim to cool place and gently massage muscles to relieve spasms, give cool water: salt (1 tsp/quart water)
Excessive sweating can lead to pain cramps in the muscles in the abdomen, legs and arms. Heat cramps may also result from drinking too much ice water or other cold drinks or drinking them too quickly
Tactical casualty combat care (TCCC) triage
Immediate- require lifesaving surgery
Delayed- in need of time consuming surgery
Minimal- relatively minor injuries, can care for self
Expectant- wounds so extensive; survival would be unlikely; provide comfort measures for these casualties
TCCC Care under fire
- Expect casualty to stay engaged as a combatant if appropriate
- Return fire as directed or required
- Try to keep yourself from being shot
- Try to keep casualty from sustaining additional wounds
- Airway management is generally best deferred until tactical field care phase
- Stop any life threatening external hemorrhage
TCCC Tactical field care
- casualties with an altered mental status should be disarmed immediately
- airway management
- breathing
- bleeding
- IV
- Fluid resuscitation
- Inspect and dress known wounds
- check for additional wounds
- Analgesia as necessary
- Sprint fractures and recheck pulse
- Antibiotics: for all open wounds
- Communicate with patient .. 13. CPR
TCCC tac-evac
- airway management
- breathing 3. Bleeding
- IV 5.fluid resuscitation
- Prevent hypothermia 7. Penetrating eye tra
- inspect and dress known wounds
- Check for additional wounds
- Provide analgesia
- reassess fractures and recheck pulses
- Antibiotics
- The pneumatic anti-shock garment (PSAG) May be useful for stabilizing pelvic fractures and controlling pelvic and abdominal bleeding
- Documentation of care
What special gauze is used in the field to aid in the control of bleeding?
Combat gauze- used on extremities only, applied with at least 3 minutes of direct pressure
What does most stand for?
M- mechanism of injury
I- injuries or illness
S- symptoms and vital signs
T- treatment given
Given after a 9 line MEDEVAC
What are the 3 methods of communications in areas where oral communication is not reliable?
Whistle signals
Special signals (horn, klaxon, Siren, pistol, rifle)
Arm and hand signals
What is the comms plan?
The primary purpose of tactical communication is to enable and support C2. Communications planning must be detailed enough to provide clarity, but also flexible enough to respond to the chaos inherent in the battle space and during the conduct of military operations
Command and control
Enables the naval commander to understand the situation in his battle space
As defined in joint publication 142 command and control is “the exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission
Process of command and control
Plan , directing, coordinating, and controlling of forces and operations from a high level
It’s a continuous cyclical process called the decision and execution cycle AKA the OODA loop (observe, orient, decide, act)
Command and control allows a commander to make effective decisions and direct the successful execution of military operations
What are the 3 levels of intelligence
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
What is the purpose of naval intelligence
Intelligence is the product resulting from the collection, exploitation, processing, integration, analysis, evaluation and interpretation of available information concerning foreign countries or areas
What are the 5 principles of intelligence
Know the adversary Ensure unity of intelligence effort Commanders needs are paramount Plan for combat Use an all source approach
7 key attributes of intelligence
Timeliness Objectivity Usability Availability Thoroughness Accuracy Relevance
What are the 5 steps of the intelligence cycle
Planning and direction Collection Processing Production Dissemination
OPLAN
Operation plan- detained statement of a course to be followed to accomplish a future mission
OPORD
Operation Order- OPORD puts the OPLAN in effect, it is a formal statement issued by the senior commander to subordinate commanders that outlines the coordinated execution of a future operation in the field
WARNORD
Warning order- a brief statement outlining the patrols general or special organization, specific uniforms, ammo, weapons, equipment, chain of command, time schedule
FRAGO
Fragmentary order- an abbreviated form of an operation order issued as needed after an operation order to change or modify that order or the execute a branch or sequel to that order
EXORD
Execution order- initiates supply personnel and admin procedure required for a unit movement
DEPORD
Deployment order- May be contained in a warning order. Is a change to alert status of units and movement of selected forces to preposition for impending operations
CONOPS
Concept of operations- a doctrine, defined as being the “a verbal or graphic statement that clearly and concisely expresses what the joint force commander intends to accomplish and how it will be done using available resources
Message precedence
R- routine: 6 hours or less
P- priority: 3 hours or less
O- immediate: 30 minutes or less
Z- flash: ASAP, objective less than 10 minutes
Two-person integrity (TPI)
Two person integrity is the security measure taken to prevent single person access to COMSEC keying material and crypto maintenance manuals
Access
The ability and opportunity to obtain knowledge of classified information
Classification
The determination that official information requires in the interest of national security, a specific degrees of protection against unauthorized disclosure, coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made
FOUO, unclass, classified, secret, top secret
Compromise
A security violation which has resulted in confirmed exposure of classified information or material to a person
Need to know
A determination made by an authorized holder of classified information that a prospective recipient requires access to specific classified information
Clearance
A formal determination that a person meets the personnel security standards and is thus eligible for access to classified information other than that protected in a special access program
3 types of clearances
Confidential
Secret
Top secret
EEFI codes
01- position 02- capabilities 03- operations 04- electronic warfare 05- personnel 06- COMSEC 07- wrong circuit
EEFI
Elements of friendly information, identify specific items of information which is revealed, transmitted immediately to and correlated with other information, which would degrade unit safety and security.
Bead window
Real time procedure used to alert circuit operators that an unauthorized disclosure has occurred over a non-secured circuit
HF radio Freq
High frequency
3MHZ - 30MHZ
VHF radio Freq
Very high frequency
30MHZ - 300MHZ
UHF radio freq
Ultra high frequency
300MHZ - 3GHZ
SATCOM radio freq
Satellite communications
CEOI
Communications electronic operating instruction
Instruction that contains your command and signal portion of your SMEAC, passwords and challenges, call signs, frequencies, crypto, circuits, phone directories
What is he purpose of a day time group on a message?
For identification purposes
Day-time- time zone-month and year
What is the purpose of an unexploded ordnance report?
Takes immediate action to prevent death, injury or damage to material, reported UXO hazard using the UXO spot report format
OPCON
Operation control commanders at or below the combatant commander exercise OPCON as their command authority. OPCON is inherent in COCOM and is the authority to perform the functions of command over subordinate forces.
