Common conditions of the eye

Question 1

Disease of the conjucntiva?

Answer 1

• Conjunctivitis

- Stye

Question 2

What is conjunctivitis?

Answer 2

Viral/bacterial infection of the eye

Does not affect vision unless it spreads to the cornea

Question 3

what parts of the eye does a stye affect?

Answer 3

External: affects the sebaceous glands of the eyelid
Internal: affects the meiboimian glands

Question 4

Diseases of the cornea

Answer 4

Inflammatory: Ulcers due to bacterial/fungal/viral infection

Non-inflammatory: Dystrophies due to trauma

Question 5

Characters of dystrophies of the cornea

Answer 5

Bilateral
Opacifying
Associated with accumulation of lipid in the cornea
Genetically determined
Usually present within first 4 decades
Present with vision loss
Start from cornea but can spread to other layers of the eye

Pathologies of the cornea usually lead to opacification of the cornea which needs to be treated with keratoplasty

Question 6

What property of the cornea makes it ideal for graft surgery and why?

Answer 6

The cornea is Vessel-less

• This makes it ideal for Graft surgery as it makes it less prone to antigen attack
• This makes chances of graft rejection minimal

Question 7

Causes of cataract

Answer 7

Old fibres of the eye compact in the middle as they are never shed
No blood supply to lens which therefore has to rely on diffusion for nutrients
Absorbs harmful UV rays to prevent the retina from being damaged
This all leads to damaged lens fibre= opaque= cataract

Question 8

Triad signs of glaucoma

Answer 8

• Raised IOP
• Pale, cupped optic disc
• Visual field defects

Question 9

Causes of primary open angle glaucoma?

Answer 9

Trabecular meshwork is interfered with- prevents drainage

Question 10

Characters of POAG?

Answer 10

• Build up isGradual and painless
• Bilateral
• Patient is asymptomatic for a very long time
• Can be detected on routine eye appointment

Question 11

Treatment for POAG

Answer 11

-Eyedrops to decrease IOP:
Carbohydrate anhydrase inhibitor 
Beta-blockers
Prostaglandin analogues 
-Trabeculoplasty
-Trabeculectomy surgery

Question 12

Angle closure glaucoma

Answer 12

Due to damage to the eye leads to the peripheral iris leading to blockage of drainage
Build up is sudden
Patient usually presents as an emergency

Question 13

symptoms of angle closure glaucoma

Answer 13

• Blurred headaches
• Vision loss
• Red eye
• Cornea opaque
• Shallow anterior chamber
• Pupil mid-dilated
• IOP very raised

Question 14

Treatment for angle closure glaucoma

Answer 14

-Decrease IOP:
IV treatment of carbohydrate anhydrase inhibitor
Analgesics and anti-emetics
Constrictor eye drops
Steroid eye drops
Unless contraindicated beta-blocker drops
-Iridotomy

Question 15

What is uveitis?

Answer 15

Inflammation of the urea
Anterior: inflammation of the iris
intermediate: Inflammation of the ciliary body
Posterior: inflammation of the choroid

Question 16

Causes of uveitis?

Answer 16

• Isolated illness
• Infection e.g. TB
• Non-infectious autoimmune predisposition
• Systemic illness

Question 17

Properties of anterior uveitis

Answer 17

Inflammation of the iris

• Ciliary can be inflammed or not
• Inflammed IRIS leaks plasma and WBCs into aqueous humour
• Eye is red and painful with vision loss
• Cells in the anterior chamber may settle inferiorly- HYPOPON

Question 18

Properties of intermediate uveitis?

Answer 18

• leaks proteins and cells

- Hazy vision

Question 19

Properties of posterior uveitis?

Answer 19

Blurred vision