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Exam 1- respiratory conditions and infections > Common conditions and counter prescribing > Flashcards

Common conditions and counter prescribing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of scabies?

A
  • Lesions predominantly on hands/wrists or other sweaty/ folds
  • Burrows up to 1cm sometimes visible
  • Itching that worsens at night time
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2
Q

What are the symptoms of atopic eczema?

A
  • lesions- red, sore, itchy
  • predominantly on hands or joints
  • flares up usually in cycles
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3
Q

What are the symptoms of contact dermatitis?

A
  • Lesions - red, itchy, and then will go dry and scaly
  • location correlating to something that has contacted the body e.g. jewellery, clothing, chemicals
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4
Q

What are the symptoms of ring worm?

A
  • Lesions- that are red/silver, circular and have a clear advancing edge and cleared centre area
  • itching
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5
Q

What treatments can be used for scabies?

A
  • First line treatment is permethrin 5% cream applied once a week for 2 doses all over the body and wash off after 8-12 hours. (over 2 months old)
  • Malathion 0.05% lotion- apply once a week for 2 weeks and wash off after 24 hours ( over 2 years)
  • Benzyl benzoate cream
  • crotamiton cream cream can be used for persistent itching after killing scabies. This is not appropriate in pregnancy though!
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6
Q

General advice for scabies?

A
  • Treat everyone in the household and repeat after a week
  • Wash all bedding and clothing at at least 50 degrees and anything that cant be washed, seal in a bag for 3 days
  • Don’t share bedding, clothes, towels
  • If wash hands during treatment, reapply!
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7
Q

How is scabies spread?

A

Prolonged skin to skin contact

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8
Q

What treatments can be used for atopic eczema and contact dermatitis?

A
  • Emollient creams
  • Steroid creams ( not allowed for children under 10)
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9
Q

General advice for atopic eczema and contact dermatitis?

A
  • Use emollient creams regularly to avoid flare ups
  • Try to avoid scratching
  • Not contagious
  • look out for signs of infection
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10
Q

What is the treatment for ringworm>

A

Topical imidazole cream

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11
Q

General advice for ringworm?

A
  • Maintaining good hygiene measure to avoid spread
  • Avoid scratching
  • Once treatment has been started, children can go back to school but should cover the area
  • wash towels and sheets regularly
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12
Q

Can children go to school with scabies?

A

Yes, 24 hours after the first treatment has been applied

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13
Q

How is ringworm spread?

A

Through close contact or shared infected objects

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of cold sores?

A
  • Prodrome- fever, malaise
  • Tingling, itching or
    burning sensation
  • Lesions around the lips and mouth that start as fluid-filled vesicles and then crust over and scab
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15
Q

Treatment for cold sores?

A
  • Topical antivirals e.g. Aciclovir- use in the prodrome stage when tingling or burning symptoms first appear
  • paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain or fever
  • Amonia e.g. blistex
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of impetigo?

A
  • red sores or blisters/ lesions that have a golden-brown crust
  • itching
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17
Q

What is the difference between bullous and non-bulbous impetigo?

A
  • Non-bullous- Usually red lesions that develop into golden crusts like cornflakes and are most commonly around the mouth and nose area
  • Bullous- Usually fluid-filled blisters that appear on the centre of the body between waist and neck or arms and legs
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18
Q

What are the treatment for impetigo?

A
  • Hygiene measures- wash with soap and water
  • Refer to GP for topical or oral antibiotics:
    e.g. topical antiseptic- Hydrogen peroxide 1% cream for non-bulbous or fusidic acid 2% cream for bullous
  • Oral antibiotic flucloxacillin 500mg tablets
19
Q

General advice for impetigo

A
  • wash with soap and water
  • keep children off school until lesions have crusted over
  • wash hands frequently
  • wash sheets and towels
  • ## don’t touch or scratch sores
20
Q

What are the symptoms of vaginal candidasis (thrush)?

A
  • White and curd-like (cottage cheese)
  • No odour to the discharge
  • itchiness
21
Q

What are the treatments for vaginal candidiasis (thrush)?

A
  • Topical imidazole creams or pessary e.g. clotrimazole or miconazole. Brands can include canastan
  • Second like treatment - oral fluconazole capsule- single dose of a 150mg capsule.
22
Q

General advice for thrush?

A
  • If given fluconazole- inform can reduce effect of latex condoms
  • wipe front to back
  • wear light, cotton clothes and not those that are tight or humid
  • ## avoid deodorants or bubble baths etc
23
Q

When would you refer a patient with vaginal candidiasis?

A
  • If they are under 16 or over 60 as unlikely to present for first time in these ages and antibiotics are not licensed for it.
  • If pregnant- products not licensed
  • if diabetic- can be harder to treat so should be referred
24
Q

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • Grey or white discharge with a fishy odour
  • not likely to be itchy
  • can be increased with extensive cleaning and use of local irritants
25
Q

Treatments of bacterial vaginosis?

A

Reduce use of local irritants
refer to gp for antibiotics

26
Q

What are the symptoms,ptoms of trichomoniasis?

A
  • Foul- smelling, green-yellow discharge
  • Lower abdominal pain, dysuria (pain or burning on urination) and dyspareunia (genital pain during sex)
27
Q

What are the treatment for trichomoniasis?

A
  • refer to GP for antibiotics and will have a full STI screen
28
Q

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

A
  • Dysuria- pain and discomfort on urination
  • increased urination frequency
  • dark, cloudy or strong smelling urine
  • abdominal pain
29
Q

What are the treatments for cystitis?

A
  • Paracetamol or ibuprofen
  • lots of fluid to avoid dehydration
  • possible referral to GP for antibiotics
30
Q

What causes cystitis?

A

Bacteria from the bowel or skin getting into the urethra.

31
Q

How can you reduce chances of getting cystitis?

A
  • Wipe from front to back
  • pee after sex
  • drink lots of fluids
  • wash around vagina after sex
  • avoid scented soaps of bubble baths
  • Avoid lots of sugary foods or drinks- can give good environment for bacteria growth
  • avoid lots of caffeine or alcohol as can irritate the bladder
32
Q

What are the symptoms of threadworm?

A
  • Itching around anus or vagina that worsens at night and at bath-time
  • Visible worms in poo that are white and about 1 cm
  • Lack of sleep, irritability and tiredness
33
Q

What are the treatment for threadworms?

A
  • Mebendazole tablets- given to everyone in the house and then again 2-3 weeks later (not for children under 2)
  • Piperazine- again 2 weeks later (not for under 1)

further doses prevent reinfection

34
Q

General advice for threadowrms?

A
  • It is not a sign of poor hygiene!
  • Maintain good hygiene
  • wash all bedding, clothes, towels
  • clean house and hoover thoroughly
  • wear underwear or clothes to bed too prevent itching
  • wash hands thoroughly before handling food, eating and using the loo
  • bath or shower every morning to wash away eggs
  • keep fingernails short
35
Q

What are the symptoms of tapeworms?

A
  • Prescence of worm or parts of in faeces. Worms are white, flat and the size of rice.
  • intestinal discomfort, diarrhoea, vomitting
  • change in appetite
  • recent foreign travel likely to be a sign
36
Q

Treatment for a tapeworm?

A

Refer to a GP who will likely require a stool sample

37
Q

What are the symptoms of roundworms?

A
  • Whole worm seen in faeces
  • may have a high temperature to dry cough, not usually many symptoms
  • recent foreign travel
38
Q

Treatment for roundworm?

A

refer to gp

39
Q

General advice for tapeworm and roundworm?

A
  • Thoroughly cook food especially pork or fish
  • Wash fruit and veg in clean bottled water
  • Wash hands before handling food, eating and after toileting
  • wear pjs to bed
40
Q

What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?

A
  • itching or burning around the anus
  • dull aching pain on pooing
  • fresh blood on stools or toilet paper
  • lumps on external anus
  • constipation
41
Q

What is the treatment for haemorrhoids?

A
  • Local anaesthetic e.g. benzocaine, lidocaine
  • Skin protectors e.g. zinc oxide
  • topical steroid cream e.g. hydrocortisone
  • if a child refer to a gp
42
Q

General advice for a haemorrhoid?

A
  • If symptoms not improved in one week see GP
  • Apply creams or ointments in the morning, night and after bowel movements
  • good anal hygiene, can use moist toilet paper
  • eat lots of fibre, water and exercise to keep poo soft
43
Q

When would you give antibiotics for impetigo?

A
  • If it has become widespread e.g. presenting a high fever or lethargy
  • would give flucloxacillin 250-500mg BD
    if allergy to penicillin would give clarithromycin

Exam 1- respiratory conditions and infections (11 decks)

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