Common Childhood Illnesses Flashcards by Unknown Unknown

Emergency warning signs for respiratory complications in a child <3 months of age

trouble breathing
not eating
vomiting
fever 38.5 c or higher

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Emergency warning signs for respiratory complications in children of all ages

breathing rapidly, working hard to breath
blue lips
coughing so bad they are choking or vomiting
wakes up in the morning with either eyes stuck shut with dried yellow pus
much sleepier than usual, doesn’t want to eat or play, very fussy and cannot be comforted

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hypotonic dehydration

electrolyte deficit exceeds water deficit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hypertonic dehydration

loss of water, water deficit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

symptoms of dehydration in a child

dark urine
decreased urination
headaches
fatigue
dry skin
decreased skin turgor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

therapeutic management of dehydration

oral fluid therapy ie. oral rehydration solution
parenteral fluid therapy (NS)
treat underlying cause of fluid loss

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

chronic diarrhea definition

increase in stool freq. and increased water content in stool for a duration or more than 14 days

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

therapeutic management for diarrhea

assess F&Es, rehydrate, maintain fluid therapy, reintroduction of an adequate diet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

vomiting therapeutic management

detect and treat cause
prevent complications (dehydration)
provide fluids
antiemetics in some cases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DAILY maintenance fluid requirements (formula)

100/50/20

1st 10kg of body weight 100ml/kg/day
2nd 20kg of body weight 50ml/kg/day
Each kg over 20kg 20ml/kg/day

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

HOURLY maintenance fluid requirements (formula)

4/2/1

1st 10kg of body weight 4ml/kg/hr
2nd 20kg of body weight 2ml/kg/hr
Each kg over 20kg 1ml/kg/hr

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How would you instruct to breastfeed their baby with a cleft lip

soft breast tissue will often fill the opening creating enough suction
if not, it will help to hold a finger on the cleft when baby is feeding
swallowing noises and normal weight gain = bfeeding going well
if baby is noisy while feeding; clicking, kissing noises, may not have enough suction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how to instruct patient to bottle feed baby with cleft lip

feeding may work better using special bottles or nipples with wider base
when feeding, hold baby in slightly upright position
touch the baby’s lower lip with nipple. when baby latches on, direct the nipple slightly downwards
try to keep nipple in the center of the baby’s mouth, not up into the cleft.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

diagnosis criteria for juvenile type 1 DBM

fasting blood sugar test: 7mmol/L

random blood sugar test: 11mmol/L

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

juvenile type 1 DBM therapeutic management

diet and exercise
insulin injections
monitoring

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

cerebral palsy def

a group of disorders of movement, muscle tone and posture associated w activity limitations and attributed to non progressive, permanent injury or malformation of the developing fetal, infant or young child’s brain

what other neuro disorder do a significant number of children with CP have

epilepsy

six attributes that require investigation (may identify CP)

-Early handedness in a child under 12 months
○ Stiffness or tightness in the legs between 6 and 12
months
○ Persistent fisting of the hands in children over 4
months
○ Persistent head-lag in a child over 4 months
○ Inability to sit without support in child over 9 months
○ Any asymmetry in posture or movement.

therapeutic management of CP

rehab:
- PT
- OT
- SLP
pharmacological:
- treat pain related to spasms and seizures
- botulinum toxin A injections (BoNT-A)

neurosurgical
orthopedic (surgery)
dental hygiene
neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

what is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and toddlers

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

what does (BoNT-A) do

effective for reducing
over-activity in muscles in children with cerebral palsy. This
results in a reduction in muscle strength and muscle tone with
small, short-lived gains in aspects of gait and function

another term for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)

pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy

which gender does DMD occur in

male

describe the nature of DMD

▷ Progressive muscular weakness, wasting,
and contractures
▷ Calf muscle hypertrophy in most patients
▷ Loss of independent ambulation by 12 years
of age
▷ Slowly progressive, generalized weakness
during teenage years
▷ Relentless progression until death from
respiratory or cardiac failure

CMs of DMD

- Waddling gait * Lordosis * Frequent falls * Gower sign * Enlarged muscles (especially thighs and upper arms); feel unusually firm or woody on palpation

what is gower sign

the child uses their hands to "walk up" from a sitting/squatting position

do DMD patients face cognitive impairment

mild, ~20 iq points below normal

complications of DMD

- Contracture deformities of hips, knees, and ankles ▷ Scoliosis ▷ Risk of fractures ▷ Respiratory and cardiac compromise ▷ Obesity

whats the most common congenital heart disease

ventricular septal defect (VSD).

therapeutic management of influenza

- rest ● fluids, like water ● medication to reduce any fever or aches

prevention of AOM

pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine

Otitis Media: Nursing Care

Nursing care ○ Relieving pain ○ Facilitating drainage when possible ○ Preventing complications or recurrence ○ Educating the family in care of the child such as: ○ Positioning. Have the child sit up, raise head on pillows, or lie on unaffected ear. ○ Heat application. Apply heating pad or a warm hot water bottle. ○ Healthy diet/fluid intake ○ Hygiene( hand washing) ○ Monitoring hearing loss.

Bronchitis causes

▪ Viral infection ▪ Bacterial infection ▪ Physical or chemical agents that are breathed in such as dusts, allergens, and strong fumes, including those from chemical cleaning compounds or tobacco smoke.

Bronchitis CMs

▪ Cough. ▪ Production of mucus (sputum), which can be clear, white, yellowish-gray or green in color — rarely, it may be streaked with blood. ▪ Fatigue. ▪ Shortness of breath. ▪ Slight fever and chills.

Bronchitis Nursing Care

● Avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke ● Cough medicine ● Humidifying the air ● Increased fluid intake ● Pain relievers and fever reducers, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) ● Quitting smoking Avoid antihistamines because they dry up the secretions and can make the cough worse. 12

General guidelines for Nursing care/respiratory conditions

○ Easing respiratory effort ○ Promoting rest ○ Promoting comfort ○ Reducing the spread of infection ○ Reducing temperature ○ Promoting hydration ○ Providing nutrition ○ Encouraging family support and home care

emergency warning signs of flu

▷ Fast breathing or trouble breathing ▷ Bluish lips or face ▷ Ribs pulling in with each breath ▷ Chest pain ▷ Severe muscle pain (child refuses to walk) ▷ Dehydration (no urine for 8 hours, dry mouth, no tears when crying) ▷ Not alert or interacting when awake ▷ Seizures ▷ Fever above 104°F ▷ In children less than 12 weeks, any fever ▷ Fever or cough that improve but then return or worsen ▷ Worsening of chronic medical conditions

acute infectious diarreah =

gastroenteritis