common cancers

Question 1

risk factors for breast cancer

Answer 1

• early age menarche
• late menopaus
• OCP and HRT
• nulliparous
• smoking
• FH breast/ovarian cancer
• pMH cancer

Question 2

NICE recommedations for urgent referral breast cancer

Answer 2

• people aged 30+ with unexplained breast lump
• people aged 50+ with unilateral nipple symptoms
• skin changes that suggest breast cancer
• aged 30+ with unexplained lump in axilla

Question 3

common presenting symptoms of colorectal cancer

Answer 3

• constipation
• diarrhoea
• weight loss
• abdominal pai
• rectal bleeding
• anaemia

Question 4

NICE recommended 2 week referral for colorectal cancer

Answer 4

aged 40+ with unexplained wt loss and abdo pain
aged 50+ with unexplained rectal bleeding
aged 60+ with iron deficiency anaema or changes in bowel habit for 6w

Question 5

when is FOB testing recommended

Answer 5

age 50+ abdo pain and wt loss
under 60 with change in bowel habit/iron deficiency anaema
age 60+ - anaemic

Question 6

NICE recommends 2 week referral for lung cancer

Answer 6

• CXR suggests lung cancer
• aged 40+ with unexplained haemoptysis
  if 40+ with suspicious sx arrange urgent CXR

Question 7

Sx of prostate cancer

Answer 7

enlarged prostate sx- nocturia, frequency, poor stream, hesistancy, terminal dribbling
sx of local spread- erectile dysfunction, visible haematuria
sx of mets: lower back pain, bone pain, wt loss

Question 8

when to postpone a PSA

Answer 8

• 1/12 after proven UTI
• 1/52 after PR exam
• 3/7 after ejaculation

Question 9

what are the age specific PSA questions

Answer 9

aged 40-49 >=2.5
aged 50-59 >=3.5
aged 60-69 >=4.5
aged 70-79 >6.5

Question 10

features of headache associated with increased risk of brain tumour

Answer 10

• headache wakes them up
• headache progressively worsening over days
• headache +/- vomiting
• headache +/- seizure
• progressive numbness and weakness
• personality change
• weight loss