Common Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards
Staphylococcus aureus gram stain appearance
Gram-positive cocci in clusters
Staphylococcus aureus carriage location
Anterior nares and perineum
Carriage location is anterior nares and perineum
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus cutaneous infection usually presents as
localized abscess
Staphylococcus aureus:
The enzyme ______ is an essential virulence factor that is associated with formation of the ______ capsule.
Coagulase … fibrin
_________ is the major cytotoxic agent released by S. aureus
Alpha-toxin
________ cutaneous infections are often associated with the presence of a foreign body.
S. aureus
_________ produced by some _________ are a class of antigen that cause non-specific activation of T-cells.
Superantigen toxins ….. S. aureus
SAgs are capable of activating up to 25% of the bodies __________.
T-cells
Toxic shock syndrome is caused by _______ producing _______
S. aureus …. SAgs
Toxic shock syndrome typically manifests in _______ individuals. Symptoms include:
healthy …..
high fever, low blood pressure, malaise and confusion, rash that looks like sun burn
Food poisoning can be caused by consuming ______ of S. aureus
preformed toxin
S. aureus causes ______ in immune impaired individuals
pneumonia
______ is one of the main contributors to endocarditis
S. aureus
S. aureus can be resistant to what antibiotics?
Penicillin, methicillin, vancomycin
Coagulase negative Staphylococcus; staph species, not aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
______ is normal skin flora and relatively non-pathogenic; however when it is infectious it is associated with ________
S. epidermidis …. foreign bodies
Three most common organism for infective bacterial endocarditis
Staphylococcus aureus»_space; Streptococci of the viridans group»_space; coagulase negative Staphylococcus
______ produces a slime that allows it to adhere to implanted devices. Hard for drugs to get through the biofilm.
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Steptococcus and relatives are gram ________ and catalase _______
Positive cocci in chains or pairs negative
Strep throat is caused by ______________
Streptococcus pyogenes, Group A Strep
M-protein found on _________ inhibits ___________
Streptococcus pyogenes
(inhibits) phagocytosis and killing by PMNs and enhances adherence to epithelial cells
Transmission of strep throat by ______________ is by ______________
Streptococcusd pyogenes….
contact with nasal secretions of an infected individual, or by droplets produced by coughing
Group A Strep (Streptococcus ________) is associated with what kind of skin infections
pyogenes … cutaneous and subcutaneous cellulitis
Glomerulonephritis is an _________ which may follow infection by __________
Immune complex disease …. Group A Strep
Rheumatic fever may follow _____________
Group A Strep throat
Rheumatic fever is a ___________ that attacks the heart, joints and other tissues
autoimmune inflammatory disease
Streptococcus pneumoniae is gram ______ [shape] that is grouped in _________
Positive, cocci, pairs
Non-invasive streptococcus pneumoniae can cause _________, ________, _________, _________
Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis
Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae can casue __________, ___________, ____________
meningitis, bacteremia/speticemia, pneumonia with speticemia
Pathogenesis is most closely related to ________
Ability to grow and evade host defenses
Vaccines for Streptococcus pneumoniae are for which type?
Invasive
Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance is towards
penicillin
What streptococcus is known for infective endocarditis
Viridans streptococci
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium are gram ______ [shape]
positive, cocci
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium common sites of infection are _________, ________, __________, _________
urinary tract, surgical wounds, biliary tract, endocarditis
VRE stands for
vancomycin-resistant enterococci
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium is most associated with what kind of transfer?
Patient to patient in a hospital
Clostridia are classified as
gram ________ [shape].
positive… rods
This bacteria is a strict anaerobe which can made endospores.
Clostridium
___________ is responsible for hospital epidemics of diarrhea
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium cause disease because
they release toxins that are damaging
_____________ is common in the soil and GI tract of animals and causes tetnus
Clostridium tetani
spastic paralysis
____________ grows in contaminated food under anaerobic conditions. It causes botulism.
Clostridium botulinum
flaccid paralysis
Clostridium __________ is found in wound infections and food poisoning.
perfringens
Escherichia coli is a gram ______ [shape]
negative rod
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram ________ [shape]
negative rod
Two properties of E. coli in GI disease are:
Adherence to the intestinal mucosa, toxins that disrupt the electrolyte balance
E. coli is associated with the following disease
GI tract, UTI, abdominal infecftions
UTI strains of E. coli are usually ____________
beta-hemolytic
E. coli abdominal infections are usually associated with ______________
a mixture of anaerobic bacteria to form anaerobic abscesses
Infections with ______ are especially common in burns and people who are immunocompromised.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
__________ is associated with chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is common in ____________ acquired infections.
hospital
Antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is because of….
its high intrinsic resistance
This is a gram-negative (diplo)cocci
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Neisseria gonorrhoeae key to infectivity is the ______
pilus because it can switch between making different antigenic pili
Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth on mucosal surfaces results in
purulent discharge and local tissue invasion
Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause ___________ in infants born to infected mothers.
conjunctivitis leading to blindness
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistnat to _________, _________, and ___________
penicillin, cephalosporins, fluroquinolone
More effective antibiotics for anaerobic bacteria are ________, less effective are ____________
metronidazole…. aminoglycosides
Bacteroides fragilis is best categorized as
endogenous anaerobic pathogen that is relatively areotolerant
________ and _________ are obligate intracellular bacteria
Rickettsia….. Chlamydia
Trachoma is ….
Chronic infection of conjunctiva by Chlamydia trachomatis which can lead to scarring and blindness
Chlamydia trachomatis in neonatal infections can cause
neonatal conjunctivitis and neonatal pneumonia
The two bacteria lacking cell walls are:
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
A common cause of pneumoniae especially in ages 5-20 is
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae shape is_______ and is resistant to __________ and _______
highly pleomorphic …… penicillins…. gram staining
