Common Associations Flashcards
1
Q
��”Q001. Most Common Cause/Association: Asbestos
A
A001. Bronchogenic CA; Mesothelioma
2
Q
Q002. Most Common Cause/Association:; (nonbacterial endocarditis, affecting mitral)
A
A002. Libman Sacks endocarditis
3
Q
Q003. Most Common Cause/Association:; abl gene
A
A003. CML
4
Q
Q004. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acanthosis nigricans (hyperpigmentation and epidermal thickening)
A
A004. visceral malignancy
5
Q
Q005. Most Common Cause/Association:; ACTH ACTH like peptide
A
A005. Small cell lung
6
Q
Q006. Most Common Cause/Association:; Actinic keratosis
A
A006. squamous cell carcinoma
7
Q
Q007. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Bacterial Endocarditis
A
A007. Staph aureus, b Hemolytic Streptococci, E. coli; Common among drug addicts & diabetics
8
Q
Q008. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Cor Pulmonale
A
A008. Sudden right ventricular strain due to a massive pulmonary embolism
9
Q
Q009. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis
A
A009. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A
10
Q
Q010. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute pancreatitis
A
A010. alcohol; gall stones
11
Q
Q011. Most Common Cause/Association:; Addison s
A
A011. Autoimmune (2nd infection)
12
Q
Q012. Most Common Cause/Association:; ADH
A
A012. Small cell; Intracranial neoplasms
13
Q
Q013. Most Common Cause/Association:; Adult leukemia
A
A013. AML
14
Q
Q014. Most Common Cause/Association:; Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease
A
A014. Commonly see liver cysts & Berry aneurysms along w/ kidney cysts. Hematuria & HTN also present. 3 cysts in ea. Kidney w/ + family history confirms diagnosis
15
Q
Q015. Most Common Cause/Association:; Aflatoxins
A
A015. Hepatocellular CA
16
Q
Q016. Most Common Cause/Association:; AFP and alpha 1 AT
A
A016. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
17
Q
Q017. Most Common Cause/Association:; AIDS
A
A017. aggressive malignant lyphomas (NHL) and Kaposis
18
Q
Q018. Most Common Cause/Association:; Alkaline phosphatase
A
A018. metastasis to bone, obstructive biliary disease, Pagets
19
Q
Q019. Most Common Cause/Association:; Alpha Feto Protien / AFP
A
A019. Vitelline Yolk Sac Tumor; Hepatocellular CA
20
Q
Q020. Most Common Cause/Association:; AMI in children
A
A020. Kawasaki disease
21
Q
Q021. Most Common Cause/Association:; ANA
A
A021. SLE, not specific
22
Q
Q022. Most Common Cause/Association:; Aneurysm, dissecting
A
A022. Hypertension
23
Q
Q023. Most Common Cause/Association:; Angiosarcoma of the liver
A
A023. Vinyl Chloride; Arsenic; Thorotrast
24
Q
Q024. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anticentromere
A
A024. Scleroderma (CREST)
25
Q025. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti dsDNA antibodies
A025. specific SLE
26
Q026. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti epithelial cell
A026. Pemphigus vulgaris
27
Q027. Most Common Cause/Association:; Antihistone abs
A027. drug induced lupus. HIPP: hydralizine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin
28
Q028. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti Jo 1
A028. Polymyositis + dermatomyositis (CD8+, weakness)
29
Q029. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti+A32 microsomal
A029. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
30
Q030. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti mitochondrial
A030. Primary biliary cirrhosis
31
Q031. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti presynaptic Ca channels (Lambert Eaton Syndrome)
A031. Thymoma; Small cell lung
32
Q032. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti Scl 70
A032. Scleroderma (diffuse)
33
Q033. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti Smith abs
A033. specific SLE
34
Q034. Most Common Cause/Association:; Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
A034. Atherosclerosis
35
Q035. Most Common Cause/Association:; Aortic aneurysm, ascending
A035. tertiary syphilis
36
Q036. Most Common Cause/Association:; APC
A036. colorectal cancer
37
Q037. Most Common Cause/Association:; APC 5p
A037. Familial adenomatous polyposis, Colon CA
38
Q038. Most Common Cause/Association:; APC, DCC, p53 mutation
A038. Colon Cancer tumor suppression genes
39
Q039. Most Common Cause/Association:; Arsenic
A039. Squamous Cell CA
40
Q040. Most Common Cause/Association:; asculitis
A040. Temoporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery)
41
Q041. Most Common Cause/Association:; Autoimmune disease (Hashimotos, MG)
A041. benign and malignant thymomas
42
Q042. Most Common Cause/Association:; Autosplenectomy due to fibrous and shrinkage
A042. Sickle Cell anemia
43
Q043. Most Common Cause/Association:; AV fistula
A043. Penetrating knife wound.
44
Q044. Most Common Cause/Association:; B HCG
A044. hydatiform moles, choriocarc, gestational trophoblastic tumor
45
Q045. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteremia/ pneumonia (IVDA)
A045. S. Aureus
46
Q046. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria associated with cancer
A046. H. Pylori
47
Q047. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria found in GI tract
A047. Bacteroides (2nd most common is E. coli)
48
Q048. Most Common Cause/Association:; bacteria in the GI tract
A048. bacteriodes (#2 = e.coli)
49
Q049. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria or pneumonia in an IV drug user
A049. staph aureus
50
Q050. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (adults)
A050. Streptococcus pneumoniae
51
Q051. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (elderly)
A051. S. Pneumoniae
52
Q052. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (kids)
A052. S. pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis
53
Q053. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (newborns)
A053. Group B streptococcus
54
Q054. Most Common Cause/Association:; bacterial meningitis in young adults
A054. Neisseria meningitidis
55
Q055. Most Common Cause/Association:; Baker's Cyst in Popliteal Fossa
A055. Rheumatoid Arthritis
56
Q056. Most Common Cause/Association:; barretts esophagus
A056. esophageal adenocarcinoma
57
Q057. Most Common Cause/Association:; bcl 2
A057. CML,; follicular and undifferentiated lymphoma
58
Q058. Most Common Cause/Association:; BCR Abl
A058. CML
59
Q059. Most Common Cause/Association:; Benign breast tumor
A059. Fibroadenoma
60
Q060. Most Common Cause/Association:; benign melanocytic nevus
A060. spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades of life)
61
Q061. Most Common Cause/Association:; Benign ovarian tumor
A061. serous cystadenoma
62
Q062. Most Common Cause/Association:; b HCG
A062. Hydatidiform Mole; Choriocarcinoma; Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor
63
Q063. Most Common Cause/Association:; bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
A063. Bernard Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)
64
Q064. Most Common Cause/Association:; Blindness
A064. Diabetic retinopathy
65
Q065. Most Common Cause/Association:; Blindness preventable
A065. Chlamydia
66
Q066. Most Common Cause/Association:; Blood Metastasis
A066. Sarcoma, exception renal cell CA: early venous invasion
67
Q067. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bombesin
A067. Neuroblastoma; Lung; Gastric
68
Q068. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bone Fever
A068. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos
69
Q069. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor supratentorial (kids)
A069. Craniopharyngioma
70
Q070. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor (adults)
A070. Metastasis > astrocytoma (including GM)> meningioma > shwannoma
71
Q071. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor (kids)
A071. Medullablastoma (cerebellum)
72
Q072. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor supratentorial (kids)
A072. Cranipharyngioma
73
Q073. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumors in adults (Supratentorial)
A073. supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (gliobastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
74
Q074. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumors in kids (Infratentorial)
A074. Infratentorial = astrocytoma > medulloblastoma > ependyoma
75
Q075. Most Common Cause/Association:; BRCA 1 17q
A075. Breast CA, Ovarian CA
76
Q076. Most Common Cause/Association:; BRCA 2 13q
A076. Breast CA
77
Q077. Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast cancer
A077. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
78
Q078. Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast mass
A078. Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal women, carinoma is the most common)
79
Q079. Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast tumor (benign)
A079. Fibroadenoma
80
Q080. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bronchiectasis
A080. predisposed by chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip; Supparation associated; Lower lobe > than upper lobe involvement
81
Q081. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Acute Endocarditis
A081. Staph aureus
82
Q082. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Arthritis in young Adults
A082. Neisseria ghonorrhea
83
Q083. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis elderly
A083. Strep pneumoniae
84
Q084. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis newborns
A084. E. coli
85
Q085. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis toddlers
A085. Hib
86
Q086. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis young adults
A086. Neisseria meningitidis
87
Q087. Most Common Cause/Association:; bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient
A087. Klebsiella
88
Q088. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Epiglottitis
A088. Hib
89
Q089. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in food poisoning
A089. Staph aureus
90
Q090. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in GI Tract
A090. Bacteroides 2. E. coli
91
Q091. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia
A091. Staph aureus
92
Q092. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in opportunistic infection of AIDS
A092. CMV Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall
93
Q093. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in PID
A093. N. Gonnorrhoeae or Chlamydia
94
Q094. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia Community atypical
A094. Mycoplasma 2. Legionella
95
Q095. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia Community typical
A095. Strep pneumoniae 2. H. influenza 3. Klebsiella
96
Q096. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia Hospital aquired
A096. Klebsiella 2. Psuedomonas 3. E. coli
97
Q097. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Subacute Endocarditis
A097. Strep Viridans
98
Q098. Most Common Cause/Association:; C3b
A098. Involved in Opsonization (& IgG)
99
Q099. Most Common Cause/Association:; C5a
A099. Involved in Chemotaxis (for Neutrophils)
100
Q100. Most Common Cause/Association:; CA 125
A100. ovarian, malignant epithelial tumors
101
Q101. Most Common Cause/Association:; CA 19 9
A101. pancreatic adenocarcinoma
102
Q102. Most Common Cause/Association:; Calcitonin
A102. Medullary C cell thyroid
103
Q103. Most Common Cause/Association:; Calf pseudohypertrophy
A103. Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
104
Q104. Most Common Cause/Association:; C ANCA
A104. antineutrophil. Vasculitis. Wegener's granulomatosis.
105
Q105. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer Leukemia <14 yo
A105. ALL
106
Q106. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer Leukemia >60 yo
A106. CLL
107
Q107. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer Leukemia 15 39 yo
A107. AML
108
Q108. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer Leukemia 40 60 yo
A108. CML
109
Q109. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer associated with AIDS
A109. Kaposi's sarcoma
110
Q110. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Acanthosis Nigricans
A110. Gastric Adenocarcinoma; Viscero Malignancy
111
Q111. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Achalasia
A111. squamous esophageal cancer
112
Q112. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Actinic Keratosis
A112. SCC
113
Q113. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in AIDS
A113. Non Hodgkin's; Kaposi Sarcoma
114
Q114. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Barret's Esophagus
A114. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
115
Q115. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Gynecologic malignancy
A115. Endometrial Carcinoma
116
Q116. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Immunodeficient states
A116. malignant lymphomas
117
Q117. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Infancy
A117. Hemangioma
118
Q118. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Kids
A118. Leukemia 2. Medulloblastoma of brain, cerebellum
119
Q119. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Men
A119. Prostate CA
120
Q120. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Pagets disease of bone
A120. secondary osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma
121
Q121. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Plummer Vinson syndrome
A121. squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus
122
Q122. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Women malignant
A122. Breast CA
123
Q123. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla adults
A123. Pheochromocytoma
124
Q124. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla kids
A124. Neuroblastoma
125
Q125. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Appendix Carcinoid rare
A125. metastasis
126
Q126. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Bone
A126. Metasteses from Breast & Prostate
127
Q127. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Bone primary adults
A127. Multiple Myeloma
128
Q128. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Brain Child
A128. Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
129
Q129. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Brain Adult
A129. Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: metastasis, meningioma, Schwannoma
130
Q130. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Breast
A130. Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma
131
Q131. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Connective Tissue benign
A131. Lipoma
132
Q132. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus
A132. SCCA
133
Q133. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus malignant
A133. SCC (60%) > adenocarcinoma (40%)
134
Q134. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus (Benign)
A134. Leiomyoma
135
Q135. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart A138 adults
A135. Metasteses
136
Q136. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart Primary adults (Benign)
A136. Myxoma Ball Valve
137
Q137. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart Primary kids (Benign)
A137. Rhabdomyoma
138
Q138. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Liver
A138. Metastasis; lung > GI
139
Q139. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Liver benign
A139. Cavernous hemangioma
140
Q140. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the liver Primary
A140. Hepatocellular CA
141
Q141. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the liver Primary, benign
A141. Cavernous Hemangioma
142
Q142. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Mouth
A142. SCC or Mucoepidermoid CA
143
Q143. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Mouth upper lip
A143. Basal Cell CA
144
Q144. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Nasal cavities
A144. SCC
145
Q145. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Ovary benign
A145. Serous cystadenoma
146
Q146. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Ovary malignant
A146. Serous cystadenocarcinoma
147
Q147. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Pancreas
A147. Adenocarcinoma (usually in the head)
148
Q148. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Pituitary
A148. Prolactinoma (2nd Somatotropic Acidophilic Adenoma)
149
Q149. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Placenta benign
A149. Cavernous hemangioma
150
Q150. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Salivery Glands
A150. Pleimorphic Adenoma
151
Q151. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Skin
A151. Basal Cell Carcinoma
152
Q152. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Small Bowel Carcinoid frequent
A152. metastasis from ileum
153
Q153. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Spleen benign
A153. Cavernous hemangioma
154
Q154. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Stomach
A154. Gastric Adenocarcinoma; intestinal type or diffuse type
155
Q155. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Testicles
A155. Seminoma
156
Q156. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Thyroid
A156. Papillary Carcinoma
157
Q157. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer that invades the Female GU tract
A157. Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
158
Q158. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; malignant lymphoma in kids
A158. Burkitt's lymphoma
159
Q159. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; Site of metastasis
A159. Regional Lymph Nodes
160
Q160. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
A160. Liver
161
Q161. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer;Genetic Alteration
A161. p53
162
Q162. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardia tumor (adults)
A162. Metastasis
163
Q163. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac primary tumor (adults)
A163. Myxoma 4:1 Left to right atrium
164
Q164. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
A164. Rhabdomyoma
165
Q165. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac tumor (adults)
A165. Metastasis
166
Q166. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac tumor in adults
A166. Metastasis; Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and valve")
167
Q167. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiomyopathy
A167. Dilated Cardiomyopathy
168
Q168. Most Common Cause/Association:; Carpal bone dislocation
A168. Lunate
169
Q169. Most Common Cause/Association:; Carpal bone fracture
A169. Scaphoid
170
Q170. Most Common Cause/Association:; Caseation necrosis
A170. Combination of both coagulation & liquefaction necrosis; Seen w/ M. tuberculosis & Histoplasma capsulatum infection
171
Q171. Most Common Cause/Association:; CCl4 Carbon Tetrachlrodie Cleaning Industry
A171. Centrilobular Necrosis Hepatic
172
Q172. Most Common Cause/Association:; CEA
A172. Colon; Rectal; PancrEAtic; BrEAst
173
Q173. Most Common Cause/Association:; CEA and bombesin
A173. Gastric Adenocarcinoma markers
174
Q174. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cellulitis
A174. Spreading infection due to streptococcus
175
Q175. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
A175. Arnold Chiari malformation (can often lead to hydrocephalus)
176
Q176. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cerebral Embolism
A176. MI w/ Mural Thrombi; Atrial Fib Thrombi = Marantic thrombi; L sided Bacterial Endocarditis; Paradoxical Embolism of septal defect
177
Q177. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosomal disorder
A177. Down syndrome (associated with ALL, Alzheimer's, dementia, and endocardial cushion defects
178
Q178. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 11p
A178. Wilms tumor of the kidney
179
Q179. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 13
A179. Retinoblastoma
180
Q180. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 5p
A180. Cri di Chat: mental retardation; small head; wide set eyes; low set ears; cat like cry
181
Q181. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chronic arrhythmia
A181. Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
182
Q182. Most Common Cause/Association:; chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgery gastric remnants
A182. gastric adenocarcinoma
183
Q183. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chronic pancreatitis
A183. Alcohol in adults; Cystic fibrosis in kids
184
Q184. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cirrhosis
A184. Alcohol
185
Q185. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cloudy swelling
A185. Failure of cellular Na pump; Seen in Fatty degeneration of the liver and in Hydropic (Vacuolar) degeneration of the liver
186
Q186. Most Common Cause/Association:; c MYC
A186. Burkitt's Lymphoma
187
Q187. Most Common Cause/Association:; Coagulation necrosis
A187. Result of sudden ischemia; Seen in organs w/ end arteries limited collateral circulation) = heart, lung, kidney, spleen
188
Q188. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
A188. 21 hydroxylase deficiency
189
Q189. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital cardiac anomaly
A189. VSD membranous > muscular
190
Q190. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
A190. dubin Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
191
Q191. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital early cyanosis
A191. Tetralogy of Fallot
192
Q192. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital GI anomaly
A192. Meckel's diverticulum
193
Q193. Most Common Cause/Association:; Constrictive pericarditis
A193. Tuberculosis
194
Q194. Most Common Cause/Association:; Coronary arteries involved in thrombosis
A194. LAD > RCA > LCA
195
Q195. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cretinism
A195. Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
196
Q196. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cushings
A196. Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, primary ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)
197
Q197. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cyanosis (early, less common)
A197. Tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
198
Q198. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cyanosis (late, more common)
A198. VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin, open with misoprostol)
199
Q199. Most Common Cause/Association:; DCC 18q
A199. Colon & Stomach CA
200
Q200. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in Alzheimer pts
A200. Pneumonia
201
Q201. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in CML
A201. Blast crisis
202
Q202. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in Diabetics
A202. MI
203
Q203. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in HTN
A203. AMI 2. lenticulostriate stroke 3. renal failure (benign nephrosclerosis)
204
Q204. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in SLE
A204. Lupus nephropathy
205
Q205. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in USA
A205. Ischemic Heart Disease
206
Q206. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dementia
A206. Alzheimer's (2nd most common is multi infarct)
207
Q207. Most Common Cause/Association:; Demyelinating disease
A207. Multiple sclerosis
208
Q208. Most Common Cause/Association:; Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
A208. Parkinson's Disease Pathology
209
Q209. Most Common Cause/Association:; Deverticulum in the pharynx
A209. Zenker's diverticulum (dx with barium swallow)
210
Q210. Most Common Cause/Association:; Diarrhea children
A210. Rotavirus
211
Q211. Most Common Cause/Association:; DIC
A211. Gram negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
212
Q212. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dietary Deficiency
A212. Iron
213
Q213. Most Common Cause/Association:; Disk herniation
A213. L4 L5
214
Q214. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting aneurysm
A214. hypertension
215
Q215. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (+/ slitlike cysts)
A215. Medial Cystic Necrosis of Erdheim
216
Q216. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (False aneurysm, splitting of the media of the aorta)
A216. Usually accompanied w/ long history of severe hypertension, also seen w/ familial hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic disease,
217
Q217. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (Zones of medial necrosis)
A217. Marfan s Collagen disease
218
Q218. Most Common Cause/Association:; Down Syndrome
A218. 1) ALL; 2) Hirschprung (aganglionic megacolon); 3) Dudoenal Atresia; 4) Polyhydramnios
219
Q220. Most Common Cause/Association:; DPC 18q
A220. Pancreatic CA
220
Q222. Most Common Cause/Association:; dysplastic nevus
A222. malignant melanoma
221
Q223. Most Common Cause/Association:; Early cyanosis (less common)
A223. Tetrology of fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosis
222
Q224. Most Common Cause/Association:; EBV
A224. Burkitt's; Follicular Lymphoma; *** Nasopharygeal CA
223
Q225. Most Common Cause/Association:; End stage Renal Disease
A225. Diabetes
224
Q226. Most Common Cause/Association:; Enzyme deficiency
A226. 21 hydroxylase; 95% of CAH
225
Q227. Most Common Cause/Association:; Epidural hematoma
A227. rupture of the middle meningeal artery
226
Q228. Most Common Cause/Association:; epiglottitis
A228. Haemophilus influenza type B
227
Q229. Most Common Cause/Association:; erb 2
A229. Breast CA; Ovarian CA; Gastric CA
228
Q230. Most Common Cause/Association:; Esophageal cancer
A230. Squamous CC (worldwide); Adenocarcinoma (U.S)
229
Q231. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fat necrosis
A231. Result of lipase actions liberated from pancreatic enzymes; Seen w/ Acute pancreatitis = saponification results
230
Q232. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians
A232. Cystic Fibrosis
231
Q233. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fatty degeneration
A233. Made up primarily of triglycerides; Most commonly due to alcoholism which commonly leads to hepatic cirrhosis; Associated w/ CCl4
232
Q234. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fibrinoid necrosis
A234. Seen in the walls of small arteries; Associated w/ malignant hypertension, polyarteritis nodosa, immune mediated vasculitis
233
Q235. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fibrinous Pericarditis
A235. Associated w/ MI: Dressler s
234
Q236. Most Common Cause/Association:; FMR1 Gene Defect
A236. Fragile X Syndrome: macro orchidism; long face; large jaw; large everted ears; autism, mental retardation
235
Q237. Most Common Cause/Association:; Food poisoning
A237. S. Aureus
236
Q238. Most Common Cause/Association:; Form of Amyloidosis
A238. Immunologic Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain
237
Q239. Most Common Cause/Association:; Form of Tularemia
A239. Ulceroglandular
238
Q240. Most Common Cause/Association:; Gas Emboli
A240. Caisson disease
239
Q241. Most Common Cause/Association:; gene involved in cancer
A241. p53 tumor suppressor gene
240
Q242. Most Common Cause/Association:; GI obstruction
A242. Adhesions 2. Indirect inguinal hernia
241
Q243. Most Common Cause/Association:; Glomerulonephritis
A243. IgA nephropathy aka Berger's
242
Q244. Most Common Cause/Association:; Glomerulonephritis (adults)
A244. IgA nephropathy (berger's disease)
243
Q245. Most Common Cause/Association:; Group affected by cystic fibrosis
A245. Caucasians (fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs/ lung infectious)
244
Q246. Most Common Cause/Association:; gynecologic malignancy
A246. endometrial cancer; ovarian; cervical (in US)
245
Q247. Most Common Cause/Association:; hCG
A247. Pregnancy; Hydatidiform Mole; Choriocarcinoma; dysgerminoma/seminoma
246
Q248. Most Common Cause/Association:; heart murmur
A248. Mitral valve prolapse
247
Q249. Most Common Cause/Association:; Heart valve (rheumatic fever)
A249. Mitral valve (aortic is 2nd)
248
Q250. Most Common Cause/Association:; heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
A250. mitral
249
Q251. Most Common Cause/Association:; heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA
A251. Tricuspid
250
Q252. Most Common Cause/Association:; Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis IV drug users
A252. Tricuspid
251
Q253. Most Common Cause/Association:; Helminth infection (U.S)
A253. Enterobius vermicularis (Ascaris lumbricoides is 2nd most common)
252
Q254. Most Common Cause/Association:; hemachromatosis
A254. multiple blood transfusions
253
Q256. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hematoma (epidural)
A256. Ruputure of Middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
254
Q257. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hematoma (subdural)
A257. Ruputure of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
255
Q258. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hemochromatosis
A258. Multiple blood transfusion (can result in CHF and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
256
Q259. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hemorrhagic Pericarditis
A259. Associated w/ TB or neoplasm
257
Q260. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hep B and C
A260. Hepatocellular CA
258
Q261. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hepatic cirrhosis
A261. EtOH
259
Q262. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hepatocellular carcinoma
A262. Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hep. B and C)
260
Q263. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hereditary bleeding disorder
A263. Von Willebrand's
261
Q264. Most Common Cause/Association:; hereditary harmless jaundice
A264. Gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
262
Q265. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hereditary Nephritis
A265. Alport s syndrome. X linked; Renal disease w/ deafness & ocualr abnormalities
263
Q266. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hernia
A266. Indirect
264
Q267. Most Common Cause/Association:; HHPV8
A267. Kaposi Sarcoma
265
Q268. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA A3
A268. hemochromatosis
266
Q269. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA B27
A269. Psoriasis; Ankylosing spondylitis; IBD; Reiter's syndrome
267
Q270. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA B8
A270. Graves' dz, celiac sprue
268
Q271. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR2
A271. Multiple Sclerosis; Hay fever; SLE; Goodpasture's syndrome
269
Q272. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR3
A272. Diabetes mellitus type 1
270
Q273. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR3 or DR4
A273. DM type I, RA, SLE
271
Q274. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR4
A274. Diabetes mellitus type 1; Rheumatoid arthritis
272
Q275. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR5
A275. Pernicious anemia; Hashimoto's thyroiditis
273
Q276. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR7
A276. steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome
274
Q277. Most Common Cause/Association:; hospital acquired pneumonia
A277. Klebsiella
275
Q278. Most Common Cause/Association:; HPV
A278. Cervical NIC
276
Q279. Most Common Cause/Association:; HTLV 1
A279. T cell Hairy Cell Leukemia; Adult T cell Leukemia
277
Q280. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hydropic degeneration
A280. Severe form of cloudy swelling
278
Q281. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypercalcemia
A281. hyperparathyroidism
279
Q282. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperparathyroidism Primary
A282. Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
280
Q283. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperparathyroidism Secondary
A283. Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure
281
Q284. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension
A284. Essentail (95%) 2. Renal disease
282
Q285. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension; children
A285. Renal disease; cystic disease, Wilm's tumor
283
Q286. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension young women
A286. Oral contraceptives
284
Q287. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension, secondary
A287. Renal disease
285
Q288. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperthyroidism
A288. Graves' Disease
286
Q289. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypoparathyroidism
A289. Thyroidectomy
287
Q290. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism
A290. Adenoma
288
Q291. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism adults
A291. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma
289
Q292. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism kids
A292. Craniopharyngioma
290
Q293. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypothyroidism
A293. Hashimoto's thyroiditis
291
Q294. Most Common Cause/Association:; IL 1
A294. Squamous lung; Metastasis to bone; mutiple myeloma; Breast; RCC
292
Q295. Most Common Cause/Association:; Infection in blood transfusion
A295. Hep. C
293
Q296. Most Common Cause/Association:; infection in burn victims
A296. Pseudomonas
294
Q297. Most Common Cause/Association:; Intussusception
A297. terminal ileum into cecum
295
Q298. Most Common Cause/Association:; Keratomalacia
A298. Severe Vit A deficiency. See Bitot s spots in the eyes = gray plaques = thickened, keratinized ET
296
Q299. Most Common Cause/Association:; Kidney stones
A299. Calcium = radioopaque (2nd most common is ammonium = radiopaque; formed by urease positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus
297
Q300. Most Common Cause/Association:; Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis
A300. Letter Siwe syndrome; Hand Schuller Christian Disease; Eosinophilic Granuloma; Birbeck granules are present = tennis racket shape
298
Q301. Most Common Cause/Association:; Late cyanosis (more common)
A301. VSD, ASD, or PDA
299
Q302. Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH1 & LDH2
A302. Myocardium. LDH1 higher than LDH2 = Myocardial Infarction
300
Q303. Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH3
A303. Lung tissue
301
Q304. Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH4 & LDH5
A304. Liver cells
302
Q305. Most Common Cause/Association:; Leukemia (adults)
A305. AML
303
Q306. Most Common Cause/Association:; Liquefaction necrosis
A306. Rapid enzymatic break down of lipids; Seen commonly in Brain & Spinal cord (CNS) injuries; Seen in suppurative infections = pus formation
304
Q307. Most Common Cause/Association:; Liver disease
A307. Alcoholic liver disease
305
Q308. Most Common Cause/Association:; Liver infection
A308. Viral Hepatitis HVA
306
Q309. Most Common Cause/Association:; L myc
A309. lung tumor
307
Q310. Most Common Cause/Association:; Lobar pneumonia
A310. Due to Strep. Pneumoniae infection (5% due to Klebsiella)
308
Q311. Most Common Cause/Association:; Lobular Bronchopneumonia
A311. Due to Staph aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella; E. coli; Abscess formation is common
309
Q312. Most Common Cause/Association:; Location of Adult brain tumors
A312. Above Tentorium
310
Q313. Most Common Cause/Association:; location of brain tumors (adult)
A313. Supratentorial
311
Q314. Most Common Cause/Association:; location of brain tumors (kids)
A314. Infratentorial
312
Q315. Most Common Cause/Association:; Lymph Metastasis
A315. Carcinoma, exception renal cell CA: early venous invasion
313
Q316. Most Common Cause/Association:; Lysosomal storage disease
A316. Gaucher's disease
314
Q317. Most Common Cause/Association:; male cancer
A317. Prostatic carcinoma
315
Q318. Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever
A318. Hodgkin's disease
316
Q319. Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignant ovarian tumor
A319. Serous cystadenocarcinoma (assoc with psammoma bodies)
317
Q320. Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignant skin tumor
A320. Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
318
Q321. Most Common Cause/Association:; Membranoproliferative GN
A321. Can be secondary to complement deficiency; chronic infections; CLL; See tram tracking
319
Q322. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mental retardation
A322. Down s or Fragile X , Fetal alcohol syndrome
320
Q323. Most Common Cause/Association:; Metabisfite Test
A323. Suspending RBCs in a low O2 content solution; Can detect Hemoglobin S, which sickles in low O2
321
Q324. Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to bone
A324. Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
322
Q325. Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to brain
A325. Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
323
Q326. Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to liver
A326. Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast and lung carcinomas
324
Q327. Most Common Cause/Association:; MI
A327. Atherosclerosis
325
Q328. Most Common Cause/Association:; Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia
A328. Can be due to Hemolyitc Uremic Syndrome & Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP); See Helmet cells
326
Q329. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mitral Insufficiency
A329. Ruptured papillary muscle
327
Q330. Most Common Cause/Association:; mitral valve stenosis
A330. rheumatic heart disease
328
Q331. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mobitz I
A331. Usually due to inferior MI. Rarely goes into 3rd degree block. Txt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol.
329
Q332. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mobitz II
A332. Often goes to 3rd degree AV block. Usually due to anterior MI.
330
Q333. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mononucleosis
A333. Due to EBV infeciton; If Mono is treated w/ Ampicillin, thinking that it is a strep pharyngitis, a rash will occur.
331
Q334. Most Common Cause/Association:; Motor neuron disease
A334. ALS
332
Q335. Most Common Cause/Association:; Myocarditis
A335. Coxsackie B
333
Q336. Most Common Cause/Association:; Necrotizing Fasciitis
A336. Group A Streptococci
334
Q337. Most Common Cause/Association:; Neoplasm (kids)
A337. ALL (2nd most common is cerebellar medulloblastoma)
335
Q338. Most Common Cause/Association:; Nephritic syndrome (kids)
A338. Minimcal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
336
Q339. Most Common Cause/Association:; Nephrotic syndrome
A339. Membranousglomerulonephritis
337
Q340. Most Common Cause/Association:; NF1
A340. Neurofibromatosis 1; neurofibromas; fibrosarcomas; cafe au lait; iris hamartoma
338
Q341. Most Common Cause/Association:; NF 1 17q
A341. Neurofibromatosis type 1
339
Q342. Most Common Cause/Association:; NF2
A342. Neurofibromatosis 2; Acoustinc neuromas; Juvenile cataracts
340
Q343. Most Common Cause/Association:; Nitrosamines
A343. Esophagus; Stomach
341
Q344. Most Common Cause/Association:; N myc
A344. neuroblastoma
342
Q345. Most Common Cause/Association:; Obstruction of male urinary tract
A345. BPH
343
Q346. Most Common Cause/Association:; Ochronosis
A346. Alkaptonuria; Error in tyrosine metabolism due to Homogentisic acid (oxidizes tyrosine); Involving intervertebral disks = Ankylosing Spondilitis = Poker spine; See dark urine; dark coloration of sclera, tendons, cartilage
344
Q347. Most Common Cause/Association:; Opportunistic infection in AIDS
A347. Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia
345
Q348. Most Common Cause/Association:; Organ receiving metastasis
A348. Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
346
Q349. Most Common Cause/Association:; Organ sending metastasis
A349. Lung > breast, stomach
347
Q350. Most Common Cause/Association:; Osteomyelitis
A350. S. Aureus
348
Q351. Most Common Cause/Association:; osteomyelitis in IV Drug Abuser
A351. Pseudomonas
349
Q352. Most Common Cause/Association:; osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease
A352. Salmonella
350
Q353. Most Common Cause/Association:; Ovarian tumor (benign)
A353. serous cystadenoma
351
Q354. Most Common Cause/Association:; Ovarian tumor (malignant)
A354. Serous cystadenocarcinoma
352
Q355. Most Common Cause/Association:; p16
A355. melanoma
353
Q356. Most Common Cause/Association:; p53
A356. Li fraumeli Ataxia Telagiectasia
354
Q357. Most Common Cause/Association:; p53 17p
A357. Most human Cancers
355
Q358. Most Common Cause/Association:; P ANCA
A358. antineutrophil. vasculitis. PAN
356
Q359. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatic tumor
A359. Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
357
Q360. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatitis (acute)
A360. EtOH and gallstones
358
Q361. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatitis (chronic)
A361. EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
359
Q362. Most Common Cause/Association:; Paradoxical embolism
A362. Right to Left shunt allows a venous embolism to enter arterial circulation; Patent ovale foramen or Atrial septal defect
360
Q363. Most Common Cause/Association:; Parainfluenza
A363. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)
361
Q364. Most Common Cause/Association:; Parvovirus B19
A364. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia
362
Q365. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
A365. ALL=child, CLL=adult>60, AML = Adult >60, CML= adult 35 50
363
Q366. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with AML
A366. adult > 60 years
364
Q367. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with CLL
A367. adult > 60 years
365
Q368. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with CML
A368. adult 35 50
366
Q369. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with Hodgkins
A369. Young male (except nodular sclerosis type female)
367
Q370. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with minimal change diesase (podocyte foot process fusion)
A370. young child
368
Q371. Most Common Cause/Association:; patient with reiter's
A371. male with HLA B27
369
Q372. Most Common Cause/Association:; pelvic inflammatory disease
A372. neisseria gonorrheae (monoarticular arthritis)
370
Q373. Most Common Cause/Association:; Peripheral Neuropathy
A373. Diabetes
371
Q374. Most Common Cause/Association:; Philadelphia Chromosome
A374. CML
372
Q375. Most Common Cause/Association:; Phlebothrombosis
A375. From a vein of lower extremities, of a pregnant uterus, in Congestive heart failure, bed ridden pt,; As a complicaiton in a pt w/ Pancreatic CA due to d blood coagulability
373
Q376. Most Common Cause/Association:; PID
A376. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
374
Q377. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pituitary tumor
A377. Prolactinoma (2nd somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma)
375
Q378. Most Common Cause/Association:; PML s infectious agent
A378. JC Virus (Papovavirus = dsDNA, naked icosahedral capsid)
376
Q379. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection
A379. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
377
Q380. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pneumonia, hospital acquired
A380. Klebsiella
378
Q381. Most Common Cause/Association:; Portal Hypertension
A381. Cirrhosis
379
Q382. Most Common Cause/Association:; Preventable blindness
A382. Chlamydia
380
Q383. Most Common Cause/Association:; Preventable cancer
A383. Lung cancer
381
Q384. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary adrenocortical deficiency
A384. Addison's disease
382
Q385. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary amenorrhea
A385. Turner's syndrome (XO)
383
Q386. Most Common Cause/Association:; primary bone tumor
A386. Adults = multiple myeloma; Kids = osteosarcoma; Benign = osteochondroma
384
Q387. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary bone tumor (adult)
A387. Multiple myeloma
385
Q388. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary cardiac tumor of kids
A388. Rhabdomyoma (assoc with tuberus sclerosis)
386
Q389. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary hyperaldosteronism
A389. Adenoma of adrenal cortex
387
Q390. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary hyperparathyroidism
A390. Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
388
Q391. Most Common Cause/Association:; primary liver cancer
A391. hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma)
389
Q392. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary liver tumor
A392. Hepatoma
390
Q393. Most Common Cause/Association:; Protozoal Diarrhea
A393. Giardia
391
Q394. Most Common Cause/Association:; PSA
A394. Prostate Specific Antigen = elevated in prostatic CA
392
Q395. Most Common Cause/Association:; PTH rp
A395. Squamous lung; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma; Bone metastasis
393
Q396. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pulmonary embolism
A396. Most commonly thrombus from lower extremity vein
394
Q397. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pulmonary HTN
A397. COPD
395
Q398. Most Common Cause/Association:; ras
A398. colon carcinoma
396
Q399. Most Common Cause/Association:; Rb 13q
A399. Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma
397
Q400. Most Common Cause/Association:; Renal Failure
A400. Acute tubular necrosis
398
Q401. Most Common Cause/Association:; Renal tumor
A401. Renal cell carcinoma; associated with von Hippel Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease, paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
399
Q402. Most Common Cause/Association:; Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
A402. Aka infiltrative cardiomyopathy that stiffens the heart; Due to amyloidosis in the elderly; also see schaumann & asteroid bodies in young (<25 yoa).
400
Q403. Most Common Cause/Association:; Ret
A403. MEN II and III; including:; Pheochromocytoma; Medullary thyroid carcinoma; Parathyroid (IIa); Cutaneous and gangilio neuromas (III)
401
Q404. Most Common Cause/Association:; Right Heart Failure
A404. Left heart failure
402
Q405. Most Common Cause/Association:; right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
A405. Cor pulmonale
403
Q406. Most Common Cause/Association:; RSV
A406. Bronchiolitis in infants
404
Q408. Most Common Cause/Association:; S 100
A408. Melanoma; APUD tumors
405
Q409. Most Common Cause/Association:; secondary hyperparathyroidism
A409. Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure
406
Q410. Most Common Cause/Association:; Secondary Hypertension
A410. Renal disease
407
Q411. Most Common Cause/Association:; Serous Pericarditis
A411. Associated w/ nonbacterial; viral (Coxsackie) infection; immunologic reaction.
408
Q412. Most Common Cause/Association:; Sexually transmitted disease
A412. Chlamydia
409
Q413. Most Common Cause/Association:; Sheehan's syndrome
A413. Postpartum pituitary infarction secondary to hemorrhage
410
Q414. Most Common Cause/Association:; SIADH
A414. small cell carcinoma of the lung
411
Q415. Most Common Cause/Association:; Single Gene Disorder
A415. Thalassemia
412
Q416. Most Common Cause/Association:; site of Aneurysm
A416. Abdominal aorta
413
Q417. Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of Aneurysm of Circle of Willis
A417. Anterior communicating artery; bitemporal hemianopsia
414
Q418. Most Common Cause/Association:; site of atherosclerosis
A418. abdominal aorta (AAA) > coronary (MI) > popliteal (claudication) > carotid (stroke)
415
Q419. Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of diverticula
A419. Sigmoid colon
416
Q420. Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of metastasis
A420. Regional lymph nodes
417
Q421. Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of metastasis (2nd most common)
A421. Liver
418
Q422. Most Common Cause/Association:; Sites of artherosclerosis
A422. Abdominal aorta > coronary> popliteal > carotid
419
Q423. Most Common Cause/Association:; Skin cancer
A423. Basal cell carcinoma
420
Q424. Most Common Cause/Association:; STD
A424. chlamydia (50% females are asx); ghonorrhea
421
Q425. Most Common Cause/Association:; Stomach cancer
A425. Adenocarcinoma
422
Q426. Most Common Cause/Association:; Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
A426. a Hemolytic Streptococci (S. viridans) = usually in pt w/ pre existing heart problem
423
Q427. Most Common Cause/Association:; Subdural hematoma
A427. rupture of the bridging veins
424
Q428. Most Common Cause/Association:; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome
A428. Obstructed due to bronchogenic carcinoma. Causing swollen face & cyanosis.
425
Q429. Most Common Cause/Association:; Surgical Emergency
A429. Acute Appendicitis
426
Q430. Most Common Cause/Association:; Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis
A430. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)
427
Q431. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;14)
A431. Mantle cell lymphoma; involving BCL1 (cyclin D1) and IgH
428
Q432. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;18)(q21;q21)
A432. MALT lymphoma; API2 and MLT
429
Q433. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;22)
A433. Ewing's sarcoma
430
Q434. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(14;18)
A434. Follicular B cell
431
Q435. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(14;18)(q32;q21)
A435. Follicular lymphoma (FL); bcl 2 gene (18) translocated to Ig gene(14)
432
Q436. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(15;17)(q22lq12 21)
A436. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML)
433
Q437. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(2;5)(p23;q35)
A437. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL); ALK and NPM
434
Q438. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(3;14)(q27;q32)
A438. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma; bcl 6/IgH
435
Q439. Most Common Cause/Association:; T(8;14)
A439. Burkitt s lymphoma = c myc oncogene overexpression
436
Q440. Most Common Cause/Association:; T(9;22)
A440. CML = c abl/bcr gene formation = Philadelphia translocation
437
Q441. Most Common Cause/Association:; Testicular tumor
A441. Seminoma
438
Q442. Most Common Cause/Association:; TGF beta
A442. Squamous lung; metastasis to bone; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma
439
Q443. Most Common Cause/Association:; Thiamine deficiency
A443. Wet Beri Beri heart. Dilated (congested) cardiomyopathy due to chronic alcohol consumption; Dyr Beri Beri = peripheral neuropathy; Wernicke Korsakoff = ataxia; confusion; confabulation; memory loss
440
Q444. Most Common Cause/Association:; Thyroid cancer
A444. Papillary carcinoma
441
Q445. Most Common Cause/Association:; Thyroid disease
A445. Goiter
442
Q446. Most Common Cause/Association:; TNF alpha
A446. Squamous lung; Metastasis to bone; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma
443
Q447. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tracheoesophageal fistula
A447. Lower esophagus joins trache/upper esophagus blind pouch
444
Q448. Most Common Cause/Association:; TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase)
A448. Hairy B cell Leukemia
445
Q449. Most Common Cause/Association:; Trisomy 13
A449. Patau s: small head & eyes; cleft lip & palate; many fingers
446
Q450. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tuberculoid granuloma
A450. Collection of macrophages w/o caseation; Seen w/ Sarcoidosis (non caseating); Syphilis; Brucellosis and Leprotic infections
447
Q451. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor associated with Hashimoto's Disease; Myasthemia Gravis
A451. Thymoma
448
Q452. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in cirrhosis
A452. hepatocellular carcinoma
449
Q453. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in infancy
A453. Hemangioma
450
Q454. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in Sjogrens syndrome
A454. B cell lymphoma
451
Q455. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in Tuberous Sclerosis
A455. Astrocytoma; Cardiac Rhadomyoma
452
Q456. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in ulcerative colitis (Crohns)
A456. colonic adenocarcinoma
453
Q457. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in woman
A457. Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
454
Q458. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor of adrenal medulla (Adults)
A458. Pheochromocytoma (benign)
455
Q459. Most Common Cause/Association:; tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)
A459. Neuroblastoma (malignant)
456
Q460. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor of infancy
A460. Hemangioma
457
Q461. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumors in tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, MR)
A461. astrocytoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma
458
Q462. Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of Hodgkin's
A462. Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cullularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
459
Q463. Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of non Hodgkin's
A463. Follicular, small cleaved
460
Q464. Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of pituitary adenoma
A464. Prolactinoma
461
Q465. Most Common Cause/Association:; Uric acid
A465. Leukemia; Lymphomas; Chemotherapy
462
Q466. Most Common Cause/Association:; US helminth infection
A466. Enterobius Vermicularis; Ascaris lumbircoides; (tx both with mebendizole)
463
Q467. Most Common Cause/Association:; UTI
A467. E. Coli
464
Q468. Most Common Cause/Association:; UTI (young women)
A468. E coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
465
Q469. Most Common Cause/Association:; Vasculitis
A469. Temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery)
466
Q470. Most Common Cause/Association:; VHL 3p
A470. Von Hippel Lindau, Renal Cell CA
467
Q471. Most Common Cause/Association:; Vinyl Chloride; Arsenic; Thorotrast
A471. Angiosarcoma of the liver
468
Q472. Most Common Cause/Association:; Viral encephalitis
A472. HSV
469
Q473. Most Common Cause/Association:; Vitamin deficiency (U.S)
A473. Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply)
470
Q474. Most Common Cause/Association:; Worm infection in US
A474. 1. Pinworm 2. Ascaris
471
Q475. Most Common Cause/Association:; WT 1 11p
A475. Wilm s tumor
472
Q476. Most Common Cause/Association:; Xeroderma Pigmentosum
A476. 1) BCC (basal); 2) SCC (squamous); Also Melanoma; Problem in DNA Repair Enzyme, Thymine Dimers
473
Q477. Most Common Cause/Association: Micronodular pigment cirrhosis; Bronze Diabetes; Skin pigmentation
A477. Hemochromatosis Triad; due to Fe3+ deposition
