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Clinical Medicine > Common Associations > Flashcards

Common Associations Flashcards

1
Q

��”Q001. Most Common Cause/Association: Asbestos

A

A001. Bronchogenic CA; Mesothelioma

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2
Q

Q002. Most Common Cause/Association:; (nonbacterial endocarditis, affecting mitral)

A

A002. Libman Sacks endocarditis

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3
Q

Q003. Most Common Cause/Association:; abl gene

A

A003. CML

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4
Q

Q004. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acanthosis nigricans (hyperpigmentation and epidermal thickening)

A

A004. visceral malignancy

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5
Q

Q005. Most Common Cause/Association:; ACTH ACTH like peptide

A

A005. Small cell lung

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6
Q

Q006. Most Common Cause/Association:; Actinic keratosis

A

A006. squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

Q007. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Bacterial Endocarditis

A

A007. Staph aureus, b Hemolytic Streptococci, E. coli; Common among drug addicts & diabetics

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8
Q

Q008. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Cor Pulmonale

A

A008. Sudden right ventricular strain due to a massive pulmonary embolism

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9
Q

Q009. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute Hemorrhagic Conjunctivitis

A

A009. Seen w/ infections from Enterovirus & Coxsackie A

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10
Q

Q010. Most Common Cause/Association:; Acute pancreatitis

A

A010. alcohol; gall stones

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11
Q

Q011. Most Common Cause/Association:; Addison s

A

A011. Autoimmune (2nd infection)

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12
Q

Q012. Most Common Cause/Association:; ADH

A

A012. Small cell; Intracranial neoplasms

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13
Q

Q013. Most Common Cause/Association:; Adult leukemia

A

A013. AML

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14
Q

Q014. Most Common Cause/Association:; Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease

A

A014. Commonly see liver cysts & Berry aneurysms along w/ kidney cysts. Hematuria & HTN also present. 3 cysts in ea. Kidney w/ + family history confirms diagnosis

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15
Q

Q015. Most Common Cause/Association:; Aflatoxins

A

A015. Hepatocellular CA

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16
Q

Q016. Most Common Cause/Association:; AFP and alpha 1 AT

A

A016. Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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17
Q

Q017. Most Common Cause/Association:; AIDS

A

A017. aggressive malignant lyphomas (NHL) and Kaposis

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18
Q

Q018. Most Common Cause/Association:; Alkaline phosphatase

A

A018. metastasis to bone, obstructive biliary disease, Pagets

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19
Q

Q019. Most Common Cause/Association:; Alpha Feto Protien / AFP

A

A019. Vitelline Yolk Sac Tumor; Hepatocellular CA

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20
Q

Q020. Most Common Cause/Association:; AMI in children

A

A020. Kawasaki disease

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21
Q

Q021. Most Common Cause/Association:; ANA

A

A021. SLE, not specific

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22
Q

Q022. Most Common Cause/Association:; Aneurysm, dissecting

A

A022. Hypertension

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23
Q

Q023. Most Common Cause/Association:; Angiosarcoma of the liver

A

A023. Vinyl Chloride; Arsenic; Thorotrast

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24
Q

Q024. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anticentromere

A

A024. Scleroderma (CREST)

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25
Q

Q025. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti dsDNA antibodies

A

A025. specific SLE

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26
Q

Q026. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti epithelial cell

A

A026. Pemphigus vulgaris

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27
Q

Q027. Most Common Cause/Association:; Antihistone abs

A

A027. drug induced lupus. HIPP: hydralizine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin

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28
Q

Q028. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti Jo 1

A

A028. Polymyositis + dermatomyositis (CD8+, weakness)

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29
Q

Q029. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti+A32 microsomal

A

A029. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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30
Q

Q030. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti mitochondrial

A

A030. Primary biliary cirrhosis

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31
Q

Q031. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti presynaptic Ca channels (Lambert Eaton Syndrome)

A

A031. Thymoma; Small cell lung

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32
Q

Q032. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti Scl 70

A

A032. Scleroderma (diffuse)

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33
Q

Q033. Most Common Cause/Association:; Anti Smith abs

A

A033. specific SLE

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34
Q

Q034. Most Common Cause/Association:; Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

A

A034. Atherosclerosis

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35
Q

Q035. Most Common Cause/Association:; Aortic aneurysm, ascending

A

A035. tertiary syphilis

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36
Q

Q036. Most Common Cause/Association:; APC

A

A036. colorectal cancer

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37
Q

Q037. Most Common Cause/Association:; APC 5p

A

A037. Familial adenomatous polyposis, Colon CA

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38
Q

Q038. Most Common Cause/Association:; APC, DCC, p53 mutation

A

A038. Colon Cancer tumor suppression genes

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39
Q

Q039. Most Common Cause/Association:; Arsenic

A

A039. Squamous Cell CA

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40
Q

Q040. Most Common Cause/Association:; asculitis

A

A040. Temoporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery)

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41
Q

Q041. Most Common Cause/Association:; Autoimmune disease (Hashimotos, MG)

A

A041. benign and malignant thymomas

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42
Q

Q042. Most Common Cause/Association:; Autosplenectomy due to fibrous and shrinkage

A

A042. Sickle Cell anemia

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43
Q

Q043. Most Common Cause/Association:; AV fistula

A

A043. Penetrating knife wound.

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44
Q

Q044. Most Common Cause/Association:; B HCG

A

A044. hydatiform moles, choriocarc, gestational trophoblastic tumor

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45
Q

Q045. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteremia/ pneumonia (IVDA)

A

A045. S. Aureus

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46
Q

Q046. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria associated with cancer

A

A046. H. Pylori

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47
Q

Q047. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria found in GI tract

A

A047. Bacteroides (2nd most common is E. coli)

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48
Q

Q048. Most Common Cause/Association:; bacteria in the GI tract

A

A048. bacteriodes (#2 = e.coli)

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49
Q

Q049. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacteria or pneumonia in an IV drug user

A

A049. staph aureus

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50
Q

Q050. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (adults)

A

A050. Streptococcus pneumoniae

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51
Q

Q051. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (elderly)

A

A051. S. Pneumoniae

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52
Q

Q052. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (kids)

A

A052. S. pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis

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53
Q

Q053. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bacterial meningitis (newborns)

A

A053. Group B streptococcus

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54
Q

Q054. Most Common Cause/Association:; bacterial meningitis in young adults

A

A054. Neisseria meningitidis

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55
Q

Q055. Most Common Cause/Association:; Baker’s Cyst in Popliteal Fossa

A

A055. Rheumatoid Arthritis

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56
Q

Q056. Most Common Cause/Association:; barretts esophagus

A

A056. esophageal adenocarcinoma

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57
Q

Q057. Most Common Cause/Association:; bcl 2

A

A057. CML,; follicular and undifferentiated lymphoma

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58
Q

Q058. Most Common Cause/Association:; BCR Abl

A

A058. CML

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59
Q

Q059. Most Common Cause/Association:; Benign breast tumor

A

A059. Fibroadenoma

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60
Q

Q060. Most Common Cause/Association:; benign melanocytic nevus

A

A060. spitz nevus (most common in first 2 decades of life)

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61
Q

Q061. Most Common Cause/Association:; Benign ovarian tumor

A

A061. serous cystadenoma

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62
Q

Q062. Most Common Cause/Association:; b HCG

A

A062. Hydatidiform Mole; Choriocarcinoma; Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

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63
Q

Q063. Most Common Cause/Association:; bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

A

A063. Bernard Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion)

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64
Q

Q064. Most Common Cause/Association:; Blindness

A

A064. Diabetic retinopathy

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65
Q

Q065. Most Common Cause/Association:; Blindness preventable

A

A065. Chlamydia

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66
Q

Q066. Most Common Cause/Association:; Blood Metastasis

A

A066. Sarcoma, exception renal cell CA: early venous invasion

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67
Q

Q067. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bombesin

A

A067. Neuroblastoma; Lung; Gastric

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68
Q

Q068. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bone Fever

A

A068. Dengue: Group B Togavirus, from the Arbovirus, transmitted by mosquitos

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69
Q

Q069. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor supratentorial (kids)

A

A069. Craniopharyngioma

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70
Q

Q070. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor (adults)

A

A070. Metastasis > astrocytoma (including GM)> meningioma > shwannoma

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71
Q

Q071. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor (kids)

A

A071. Medullablastoma (cerebellum)

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72
Q

Q072. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumor supratentorial (kids)

A

A072. Cranipharyngioma

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73
Q

Q073. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumors in adults (Supratentorial)

A

A073. supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (gliobastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

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74
Q

Q074. Most Common Cause/Association:; Brain tumors in kids (Infratentorial)

A

A074. Infratentorial = astrocytoma > medulloblastoma > ependyoma

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75
Q

Q075. Most Common Cause/Association:; BRCA 1 17q

A

A075. Breast CA, Ovarian CA

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76
Q

Q076. Most Common Cause/Association:; BRCA 2 13q

A

A076. Breast CA

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77
Q

Q077. Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast cancer

A

A077. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)

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78
Q

Q078. Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast mass

A

A078. Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal women, carinoma is the most common)

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79
Q

Q079. Most Common Cause/Association:; Breast tumor (benign)

A

A079. Fibroadenoma

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80
Q

Q080. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bronchiectasis

A

A080. predisposed by chronic sinusitis and post nasal drip; Supparation associated; Lower lobe > than upper lobe involvement

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81
Q

Q081. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Acute Endocarditis

A

A081. Staph aureus

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82
Q

Q082. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Arthritis in young Adults

A

A082. Neisseria ghonorrhea

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83
Q

Q083. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis elderly

A

A083. Strep pneumoniae

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84
Q

Q084. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis newborns

A

A084. E. coli

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85
Q

Q085. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis toddlers

A

A085. Hib

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86
Q

Q086. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Bacterial Meningitis young adults

A

A086. Neisseria meningitidis

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87
Q

Q087. Most Common Cause/Association:; bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient

A

A087. Klebsiella

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88
Q

Q088. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Epiglottitis

A

A088. Hib

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89
Q

Q089. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in food poisoning

A

A089. Staph aureus

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90
Q

Q090. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in GI Tract

A

A090. Bacteroides 2. E. coli

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91
Q

Q091. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia

A

A091. Staph aureus

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92
Q

Q092. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in opportunistic infection of AIDS

A

A092. CMV Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall

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93
Q

Q093. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in PID

A

A093. N. Gonnorrhoeae or Chlamydia

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94
Q

Q094. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia Community atypical

A

A094. Mycoplasma 2. Legionella

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95
Q

Q095. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia Community typical

A

A095. Strep pneumoniae 2. H. influenza 3. Klebsiella

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96
Q

Q096. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Pneumonia Hospital aquired

A

A096. Klebsiella 2. Psuedomonas 3. E. coli

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97
Q

Q097. Most Common Cause/Association:; Bug in Subacute Endocarditis

A

A097. Strep Viridans

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98
Q

Q098. Most Common Cause/Association:; C3b

A

A098. Involved in Opsonization (& IgG)

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99
Q

Q099. Most Common Cause/Association:; C5a

A

A099. Involved in Chemotaxis (for Neutrophils)

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100
Q

Q100. Most Common Cause/Association:; CA 125

A

A100. ovarian, malignant epithelial tumors

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101
Q

Q101. Most Common Cause/Association:; CA 19 9

A

A101. pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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102
Q

Q102. Most Common Cause/Association:; Calcitonin

A

A102. Medullary C cell thyroid

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103
Q

Q103. Most Common Cause/Association:; Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

A103. Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

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104
Q

Q104. Most Common Cause/Association:; C ANCA

A

A104. antineutrophil. Vasculitis. Wegener’s granulomatosis.

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105
Q

Q105. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer Leukemia <14 yo

A

A105. ALL

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106
Q

Q106. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer Leukemia >60 yo

A

A106. CLL

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107
Q

Q107. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer Leukemia 15 39 yo

A

A107. AML

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108
Q

Q108. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer Leukemia 40 60 yo

A

A108. CML

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109
Q

Q109. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer associated with AIDS

A

A109. Kaposi’s sarcoma

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110
Q

Q110. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Acanthosis Nigricans

A

A110. Gastric Adenocarcinoma; Viscero Malignancy

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111
Q

Q111. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Achalasia

A

A111. squamous esophageal cancer

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112
Q

Q112. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Actinic Keratosis

A

A112. SCC

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113
Q

Q113. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in AIDS

A

A113. Non Hodgkin’s; Kaposi Sarcoma

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114
Q

Q114. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Barret’s Esophagus

A

A114. Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

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115
Q

Q115. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Gynecologic malignancy

A

A115. Endometrial Carcinoma

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116
Q

Q116. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Immunodeficient states

A

A116. malignant lymphomas

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117
Q

Q117. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Infancy

A

A117. Hemangioma

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118
Q

Q118. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Kids

A

A118. Leukemia 2. Medulloblastoma of brain, cerebellum

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119
Q

Q119. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Men

A

A119. Prostate CA

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120
Q

Q120. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Pagets disease of bone

A

A120. secondary osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma

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121
Q

Q121. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Plummer Vinson syndrome

A

A121. squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus

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122
Q

Q122. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer in Women malignant

A

A122. Breast CA

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123
Q

Q123. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla adults

A

A123. Pheochromocytoma

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124
Q

Q124. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Adrenal Medulla kids

A

A124. Neuroblastoma

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125
Q

Q125. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Appendix Carcinoid rare

A

A125. metastasis

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126
Q

Q126. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Bone

A

A126. Metasteses from Breast & Prostate

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127
Q

Q127. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Bone primary adults

A

A127. Multiple Myeloma

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128
Q

Q128. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Brain Child

A

A128. Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

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129
Q

Q129. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Brain Adult

A

A129. Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: metastasis, meningioma, Schwannoma

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130
Q

Q130. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Breast

A

A130. Infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma

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131
Q

Q131. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Connective Tissue benign

A

A131. Lipoma

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132
Q

Q132. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus

A

A132. SCCA

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133
Q

Q133. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus malignant

A

A133. SCC (60%) > adenocarcinoma (40%)

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134
Q

Q134. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Esophagus (Benign)

A

A134. Leiomyoma

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135
Q

Q135. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart A138 adults

A

A135. Metasteses

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136
Q

Q136. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart Primary adults (Benign)

A

A136. Myxoma Ball Valve

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137
Q

Q137. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Heart Primary kids (Benign)

A

A137. Rhabdomyoma

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138
Q

Q138. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Liver

A

A138. Metastasis; lung > GI

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139
Q

Q139. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Liver benign

A

A139. Cavernous hemangioma

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140
Q

Q140. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the liver Primary

A

A140. Hepatocellular CA

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141
Q

Q141. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the liver Primary, benign

A

A141. Cavernous Hemangioma

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142
Q

Q142. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Mouth

A

A142. SCC or Mucoepidermoid CA

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143
Q

Q143. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Mouth upper lip

A

A143. Basal Cell CA

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144
Q

Q144. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Nasal cavities

A

A144. SCC

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145
Q

Q145. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Ovary benign

A

A145. Serous cystadenoma

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146
Q

Q146. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Ovary malignant

A

A146. Serous cystadenocarcinoma

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147
Q

Q147. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Pancreas

A

A147. Adenocarcinoma (usually in the head)

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148
Q

Q148. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Pituitary

A

A148. Prolactinoma (2nd Somatotropic Acidophilic Adenoma)

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149
Q

Q149. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Placenta benign

A

A149. Cavernous hemangioma

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150
Q

Q150. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Salivery Glands

A

A150. Pleimorphic Adenoma

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151
Q

Q151. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Skin

A

A151. Basal Cell Carcinoma

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152
Q

Q152. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Small Bowel Carcinoid frequent

A

A152. metastasis from ileum

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153
Q

Q153. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Spleen benign

A

A153. Cavernous hemangioma

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154
Q

Q154. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Stomach

A

A154. Gastric Adenocarcinoma; intestinal type or diffuse type

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155
Q

Q155. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Testicles

A

A155. Seminoma

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156
Q

Q156. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer of the Thyroid

A

A156. Papillary Carcinoma

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157
Q

Q157. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer that invades the Female GU tract

A

A157. Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

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158
Q

Q158. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; malignant lymphoma in kids

A

A158. Burkitt’s lymphoma

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159
Q

Q159. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; Site of metastasis

A

A159. Regional Lymph Nodes

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160
Q

Q160. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer; Site of metastasis (2nd most common)

A

A160. Liver

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161
Q

Q161. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cancer;Genetic Alteration

A

A161. p53

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162
Q

Q162. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardia tumor (adults)

A

A162. Metastasis

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163
Q

Q163. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac primary tumor (adults)

A

A163. Myxoma 4:1 Left to right atrium

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164
Q

Q164. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac primary tumor (kids)

A

A164. Rhabdomyoma

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165
Q

Q165. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac tumor (adults)

A

A165. Metastasis

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166
Q

Q166. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiac tumor in adults

A

A166. Metastasis; Primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, “ball and valve”)

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167
Q

Q167. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cardiomyopathy

A

A167. Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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168
Q

Q168. Most Common Cause/Association:; Carpal bone dislocation

A

A168. Lunate

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169
Q

Q169. Most Common Cause/Association:; Carpal bone fracture

A

A169. Scaphoid

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170
Q

Q170. Most Common Cause/Association:; Caseation necrosis

A

A170. Combination of both coagulation & liquefaction necrosis; Seen w/ M. tuberculosis & Histoplasma capsulatum infection

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171
Q

Q171. Most Common Cause/Association:; CCl4 Carbon Tetrachlrodie Cleaning Industry

A

A171. Centrilobular Necrosis Hepatic

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172
Q

Q172. Most Common Cause/Association:; CEA

A

A172. Colon; Rectal; PancrEAtic; BrEAst

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173
Q

Q173. Most Common Cause/Association:; CEA and bombesin

A

A173. Gastric Adenocarcinoma markers

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174
Q

Q174. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cellulitis

A

A174. Spreading infection due to streptococcus

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175
Q

Q175. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

A

A175. Arnold Chiari malformation (can often lead to hydrocephalus)

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176
Q

Q176. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cerebral Embolism

A

A176. MI w/ Mural Thrombi; Atrial Fib Thrombi = Marantic thrombi; L sided Bacterial Endocarditis; Paradoxical Embolism of septal defect

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177
Q

Q177. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosomal disorder

A

A177. Down syndrome (associated with ALL, Alzheimer’s, dementia, and endocardial cushion defects

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178
Q

Q178. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 11p

A

A178. Wilms tumor of the kidney

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179
Q

Q179. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 13

A

A179. Retinoblastoma

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180
Q

Q180. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chromosome 5p

A

A180. Cri di Chat: mental retardation; small head; wide set eyes; low set ears; cat like cry

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181
Q

Q181. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chronic arrhythmia

A

A181. Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

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182
Q

Q182. Most Common Cause/Association:; chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgery gastric remnants

A

A182. gastric adenocarcinoma

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183
Q

Q183. Most Common Cause/Association:; Chronic pancreatitis

A

A183. Alcohol in adults; Cystic fibrosis in kids

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184
Q

Q184. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cirrhosis

A

A184. Alcohol

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185
Q

Q185. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cloudy swelling

A

A185. Failure of cellular Na pump; Seen in Fatty degeneration of the liver and in Hydropic (Vacuolar) degeneration of the liver

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186
Q

Q186. Most Common Cause/Association:; c MYC

A

A186. Burkitt’s Lymphoma

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187
Q

Q187. Most Common Cause/Association:; Coagulation necrosis

A

A187. Result of sudden ischemia; Seen in organs w/ end arteries limited collateral circulation) = heart, lung, kidney, spleen

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188
Q

Q188. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

A188. 21 hydroxylase deficiency

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189
Q

Q189. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital cardiac anomaly

A

A189. VSD membranous > muscular

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190
Q

Q190. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

A

A190. dubin Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

191
Q

Q191. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital early cyanosis

A

A191. Tetralogy of Fallot

192
Q

Q192. Most Common Cause/Association:; Congenital GI anomaly

A

A192. Meckel’s diverticulum

193
Q

Q193. Most Common Cause/Association:; Constrictive pericarditis

A

A193. Tuberculosis

194
Q

Q194. Most Common Cause/Association:; Coronary arteries involved in thrombosis

A

A194. LAD > RCA > LCA

195
Q

Q195. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cretinism

A

A195. Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

196
Q

Q196. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cushings

A

A196. Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, primary ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)

197
Q

Q197. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cyanosis (early, less common)

A

A197. Tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

198
Q

Q198. Most Common Cause/Association:; Cyanosis (late, more common)

A

A198. VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin, open with misoprostol)

199
Q

Q199. Most Common Cause/Association:; DCC 18q

A

A199. Colon & Stomach CA

200
Q

Q200. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in Alzheimer pts

A

A200. Pneumonia

201
Q

Q201. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in CML

A

A201. Blast crisis

202
Q

Q202. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in Diabetics

A

A202. MI

203
Q

Q203. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in HTN

A

A203. AMI 2. lenticulostriate stroke 3. renal failure (benign nephrosclerosis)

204
Q

Q204. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in SLE

A

A204. Lupus nephropathy

205
Q

Q205. Most Common Cause/Association:; Death in USA

A

A205. Ischemic Heart Disease

206
Q

Q206. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dementia

A

A206. Alzheimer’s (2nd most common is multi infarct)

207
Q

Q207. Most Common Cause/Association:; Demyelinating disease

A

A207. Multiple sclerosis

208
Q

Q208. Most Common Cause/Association:; Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

A208. Parkinson’s Disease Pathology

209
Q

Q209. Most Common Cause/Association:; Deverticulum in the pharynx

A

A209. Zenker’s diverticulum (dx with barium swallow)

210
Q

Q210. Most Common Cause/Association:; Diarrhea children

A

A210. Rotavirus

211
Q

Q211. Most Common Cause/Association:; DIC

A

A211. Gram negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma

212
Q

Q212. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dietary Deficiency

A

A212. Iron

213
Q

Q213. Most Common Cause/Association:; Disk herniation

A

A213. L4 L5

214
Q

Q214. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting aneurysm

A

A214. hypertension

215
Q

Q215. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (+/ slitlike cysts)

A

A215. Medial Cystic Necrosis of Erdheim

216
Q

Q216. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (False aneurysm, splitting of the media of the aorta)

A

A216. Usually accompanied w/ long history of severe hypertension, also seen w/ familial hyperlipidemia, atherosclerotic disease,

217
Q

Q217. Most Common Cause/Association:; Dissecting Aneurysm (Zones of medial necrosis)

A

A217. Marfan s Collagen disease

218
Q

Q218. Most Common Cause/Association:; Down Syndrome

A

A218. 1) ALL; 2) Hirschprung (aganglionic megacolon); 3) Dudoenal Atresia; 4) Polyhydramnios

219
Q

Q220. Most Common Cause/Association:; DPC 18q

A

A220. Pancreatic CA

220
Q

Q222. Most Common Cause/Association:; dysplastic nevus

A

A222. malignant melanoma

221
Q

Q223. Most Common Cause/Association:; Early cyanosis (less common)

A

A223. Tetrology of fallot, transposition of the great vessels, truncus arteriosis

222
Q

Q224. Most Common Cause/Association:; EBV

A

A224. Burkitt’s; Follicular Lymphoma; *** Nasopharygeal CA

223
Q

Q225. Most Common Cause/Association:; End stage Renal Disease

A

A225. Diabetes

224
Q

Q226. Most Common Cause/Association:; Enzyme deficiency

A

A226. 21 hydroxylase; 95% of CAH

225
Q

Q227. Most Common Cause/Association:; Epidural hematoma

A

A227. rupture of the middle meningeal artery

226
Q

Q228. Most Common Cause/Association:; epiglottitis

A

A228. Haemophilus influenza type B

227
Q

Q229. Most Common Cause/Association:; erb 2

A

A229. Breast CA; Ovarian CA; Gastric CA

228
Q

Q230. Most Common Cause/Association:; Esophageal cancer

A

A230. Squamous CC (worldwide); Adenocarcinoma (U.S)

229
Q

Q231. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fat necrosis

A

A231. Result of lipase actions liberated from pancreatic enzymes; Seen w/ Acute pancreatitis = saponification results

230
Q

Q232. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians

A

A232. Cystic Fibrosis

231
Q

Q233. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fatty degeneration

A

A233. Made up primarily of triglycerides; Most commonly due to alcoholism which commonly leads to hepatic cirrhosis; Associated w/ CCl4

232
Q

Q234. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fibrinoid necrosis

A

A234. Seen in the walls of small arteries; Associated w/ malignant hypertension, polyarteritis nodosa, immune mediated vasculitis

233
Q

Q235. Most Common Cause/Association:; Fibrinous Pericarditis

A

A235. Associated w/ MI: Dressler s

234
Q

Q236. Most Common Cause/Association:; FMR1 Gene Defect

A

A236. Fragile X Syndrome: macro orchidism; long face; large jaw; large everted ears; autism, mental retardation

235
Q

Q237. Most Common Cause/Association:; Food poisoning

A

A237. S. Aureus

236
Q

Q238. Most Common Cause/Association:; Form of Amyloidosis

A

A238. Immunologic Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain

237
Q

Q239. Most Common Cause/Association:; Form of Tularemia

A

A239. Ulceroglandular

238
Q

Q240. Most Common Cause/Association:; Gas Emboli

A

A240. Caisson disease

239
Q

Q241. Most Common Cause/Association:; gene involved in cancer

A

A241. p53 tumor suppressor gene

240
Q

Q242. Most Common Cause/Association:; GI obstruction

A

A242. Adhesions 2. Indirect inguinal hernia

241
Q

Q243. Most Common Cause/Association:; Glomerulonephritis

A

A243. IgA nephropathy aka Berger’s

242
Q

Q244. Most Common Cause/Association:; Glomerulonephritis (adults)

A

A244. IgA nephropathy (berger’s disease)

243
Q

Q245. Most Common Cause/Association:; Group affected by cystic fibrosis

A

A245. Caucasians (fat soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs/ lung infectious)

244
Q

Q246. Most Common Cause/Association:; gynecologic malignancy

A

A246. endometrial cancer; ovarian; cervical (in US)

245
Q

Q247. Most Common Cause/Association:; hCG

A

A247. Pregnancy; Hydatidiform Mole; Choriocarcinoma; dysgerminoma/seminoma

246
Q

Q248. Most Common Cause/Association:; heart murmur

A

A248. Mitral valve prolapse

247
Q

Q249. Most Common Cause/Association:; Heart valve (rheumatic fever)

A

A249. Mitral valve (aortic is 2nd)

248
Q

Q250. Most Common Cause/Association:; heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

A

A250. mitral

249
Q

Q251. Most Common Cause/Association:; heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA

A

A251. Tricuspid

250
Q

Q252. Most Common Cause/Association:; Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis IV drug users

A

A252. Tricuspid

251
Q

Q253. Most Common Cause/Association:; Helminth infection (U.S)

A

A253. Enterobius vermicularis (Ascaris lumbricoides is 2nd most common)

252
Q

Q254. Most Common Cause/Association:; hemachromatosis

A

A254. multiple blood transfusions

253
Q

Q256. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hematoma (epidural)

A

A256. Ruputure of Middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)

254
Q

Q257. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hematoma (subdural)

A

A257. Ruputure of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)

255
Q

Q258. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hemochromatosis

A

A258. Multiple blood transfusion (can result in CHF and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)

256
Q

Q259. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hemorrhagic Pericarditis

A

A259. Associated w/ TB or neoplasm

257
Q

Q260. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hep B and C

A

A260. Hepatocellular CA

258
Q

Q261. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hepatic cirrhosis

A

A261. EtOH

259
Q

Q262. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

A262. Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hep. B and C)

260
Q

Q263. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hereditary bleeding disorder

A

A263. Von Willebrand’s

261
Q

Q264. Most Common Cause/Association:; hereditary harmless jaundice

A

A264. Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

262
Q

Q265. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hereditary Nephritis

A

A265. Alport s syndrome. X linked; Renal disease w/ deafness & ocualr abnormalities

263
Q

Q266. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hernia

A

A266. Indirect

264
Q

Q267. Most Common Cause/Association:; HHPV8

A

A267. Kaposi Sarcoma

265
Q

Q268. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA A3

A

A268. hemochromatosis

266
Q

Q269. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA B27

A

A269. Psoriasis; Ankylosing spondylitis; IBD; Reiter’s syndrome

267
Q

Q270. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA B8

A

A270. Graves’ dz, celiac sprue

268
Q

Q271. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR2

A

A271. Multiple Sclerosis; Hay fever; SLE; Goodpasture’s syndrome

269
Q

Q272. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR3

A

A272. Diabetes mellitus type 1

270
Q

Q273. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR3 or DR4

A

A273. DM type I, RA, SLE

271
Q

Q274. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR4

A

A274. Diabetes mellitus type 1; Rheumatoid arthritis

272
Q

Q275. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR5

A

A275. Pernicious anemia; Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

273
Q

Q276. Most Common Cause/Association:; HLA DR7

A

A276. steroid responsive nephrotic syndrome

274
Q

Q277. Most Common Cause/Association:; hospital acquired pneumonia

A

A277. Klebsiella

275
Q

Q278. Most Common Cause/Association:; HPV

A

A278. Cervical NIC

276
Q

Q279. Most Common Cause/Association:; HTLV 1

A

A279. T cell Hairy Cell Leukemia; Adult T cell Leukemia

277
Q

Q280. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hydropic degeneration

A

A280. Severe form of cloudy swelling

278
Q

Q281. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypercalcemia

A

A281. hyperparathyroidism

279
Q

Q282. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperparathyroidism Primary

A

A282. Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)

280
Q

Q283. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperparathyroidism Secondary

A

A283. Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure

281
Q

Q284. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension

A

A284. Essentail (95%) 2. Renal disease

282
Q

Q285. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension; children

A

A285. Renal disease; cystic disease, Wilm’s tumor

283
Q

Q286. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension young women

A

A286. Oral contraceptives

284
Q

Q287. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypertension, secondary

A

A287. Renal disease

285
Q

Q288. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hyperthyroidism

A

A288. Graves’ Disease

286
Q

Q289. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypoparathyroidism

A

A289. Thyroidectomy

287
Q

Q290. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism

A

A290. Adenoma

288
Q

Q291. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism adults

A

A291. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma

289
Q

Q292. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypopituitarism kids

A

A292. Craniopharyngioma

290
Q

Q293. Most Common Cause/Association:; Hypothyroidism

A

A293. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

291
Q

Q294. Most Common Cause/Association:; IL 1

A

A294. Squamous lung; Metastasis to bone; mutiple myeloma; Breast; RCC

292
Q

Q295. Most Common Cause/Association:; Infection in blood transfusion

A

A295. Hep. C

293
Q

Q296. Most Common Cause/Association:; infection in burn victims

A

A296. Pseudomonas

294
Q

Q297. Most Common Cause/Association:; Intussusception

A

A297. terminal ileum into cecum

295
Q

Q298. Most Common Cause/Association:; Keratomalacia

A

A298. Severe Vit A deficiency. See Bitot s spots in the eyes = gray plaques = thickened, keratinized ET

296
Q

Q299. Most Common Cause/Association:; Kidney stones

A

A299. Calcium = radioopaque (2nd most common is ammonium = radiopaque; formed by urease positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus

297
Q

Q300. Most Common Cause/Association:; Langerhan Cell Histiocytosis

A

A300. Letter Siwe syndrome; Hand Schuller Christian Disease; Eosinophilic Granuloma; Birbeck granules are present = tennis racket shape

298
Q

Q301. Most Common Cause/Association:; Late cyanosis (more common)

A

A301. VSD, ASD, or PDA

299
Q

Q302. Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH1 & LDH2

A

A302. Myocardium. LDH1 higher than LDH2 = Myocardial Infarction

300
Q

Q303. Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH3

A

A303. Lung tissue

301
Q

Q304. Most Common Cause/Association:; LDH4 & LDH5

A

A304. Liver cells

302
Q

Q305. Most Common Cause/Association:; Leukemia (adults)

A

A305. AML

303
Q

Q306. Most Common Cause/Association:; Liquefaction necrosis

A

A306. Rapid enzymatic break down of lipids; Seen commonly in Brain & Spinal cord (CNS) injuries; Seen in suppurative infections = pus formation

304
Q

Q307. Most Common Cause/Association:; Liver disease

A

A307. Alcoholic liver disease

305
Q

Q308. Most Common Cause/Association:; Liver infection

A

A308. Viral Hepatitis HVA

306
Q

Q309. Most Common Cause/Association:; L myc

A

A309. lung tumor

307
Q

Q310. Most Common Cause/Association:; Lobar pneumonia

A

A310. Due to Strep. Pneumoniae infection (5% due to Klebsiella)

308
Q

Q311. Most Common Cause/Association:; Lobular Bronchopneumonia

A

A311. Due to Staph aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Klebsiella; E. coli; Abscess formation is common

309
Q

Q312. Most Common Cause/Association:; Location of Adult brain tumors

A

A312. Above Tentorium

310
Q

Q313. Most Common Cause/Association:; location of brain tumors (adult)

A

A313. Supratentorial

311
Q

Q314. Most Common Cause/Association:; location of brain tumors (kids)

A

A314. Infratentorial

312
Q

Q315. Most Common Cause/Association:; Lymph Metastasis

A

A315. Carcinoma, exception renal cell CA: early venous invasion

313
Q

Q316. Most Common Cause/Association:; Lysosomal storage disease

A

A316. Gaucher’s disease

314
Q

Q317. Most Common Cause/Association:; male cancer

A

A317. Prostatic carcinoma

315
Q

Q318. Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

A

A318. Hodgkin’s disease

316
Q

Q319. Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignant ovarian tumor

A

A319. Serous cystadenocarcinoma (assoc with psammoma bodies)

317
Q

Q320. Most Common Cause/Association:; Malignant skin tumor

A

A320. Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)

318
Q

Q321. Most Common Cause/Association:; Membranoproliferative GN

A

A321. Can be secondary to complement deficiency; chronic infections; CLL; See tram tracking

319
Q

Q322. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mental retardation

A

A322. Down s or Fragile X , Fetal alcohol syndrome

320
Q

Q323. Most Common Cause/Association:; Metabisfite Test

A

A323. Suspending RBCs in a low O2 content solution; Can detect Hemoglobin S, which sickles in low O2

321
Q

Q324. Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to bone

A

A324. Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney

322
Q

Q325. Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to brain

A

A325. Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI

323
Q

Q326. Most Common Cause/Association:; Metastasis to liver

A

A326. Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast and lung carcinomas

324
Q

Q327. Most Common Cause/Association:; MI

A

A327. Atherosclerosis

325
Q

Q328. Most Common Cause/Association:; Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia

A

A328. Can be due to Hemolyitc Uremic Syndrome & Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP); See Helmet cells

326
Q

Q329. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mitral Insufficiency

A

A329. Ruptured papillary muscle

327
Q

Q330. Most Common Cause/Association:; mitral valve stenosis

A

A330. rheumatic heart disease

328
Q

Q331. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mobitz I

A

A331. Usually due to inferior MI. Rarely goes into 3rd degree block. Txt w/ Atropine or Isoproterenol.

329
Q

Q332. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mobitz II

A

A332. Often goes to 3rd degree AV block. Usually due to anterior MI.

330
Q

Q333. Most Common Cause/Association:; Mononucleosis

A

A333. Due to EBV infeciton; If Mono is treated w/ Ampicillin, thinking that it is a strep pharyngitis, a rash will occur.

331
Q

Q334. Most Common Cause/Association:; Motor neuron disease

A

A334. ALS

332
Q

Q335. Most Common Cause/Association:; Myocarditis

A

A335. Coxsackie B

333
Q

Q336. Most Common Cause/Association:; Necrotizing Fasciitis

A

A336. Group A Streptococci

334
Q

Q337. Most Common Cause/Association:; Neoplasm (kids)

A

A337. ALL (2nd most common is cerebellar medulloblastoma)

335
Q

Q338. Most Common Cause/Association:; Nephritic syndrome (kids)

A

A338. Minimcal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)

336
Q

Q339. Most Common Cause/Association:; Nephrotic syndrome

A

A339. Membranousglomerulonephritis

337
Q

Q340. Most Common Cause/Association:; NF1

A

A340. Neurofibromatosis 1; neurofibromas; fibrosarcomas; cafe au lait; iris hamartoma

338
Q

Q341. Most Common Cause/Association:; NF 1 17q

A

A341. Neurofibromatosis type 1

339
Q

Q342. Most Common Cause/Association:; NF2

A

A342. Neurofibromatosis 2; Acoustinc neuromas; Juvenile cataracts

340
Q

Q343. Most Common Cause/Association:; Nitrosamines

A

A343. Esophagus; Stomach

341
Q

Q344. Most Common Cause/Association:; N myc

A

A344. neuroblastoma

342
Q

Q345. Most Common Cause/Association:; Obstruction of male urinary tract

A

A345. BPH

343
Q

Q346. Most Common Cause/Association:; Ochronosis

A

A346. Alkaptonuria; Error in tyrosine metabolism due to Homogentisic acid (oxidizes tyrosine); Involving intervertebral disks = Ankylosing Spondilitis = Poker spine; See dark urine; dark coloration of sclera, tendons, cartilage

344
Q

Q347. Most Common Cause/Association:; Opportunistic infection in AIDS

A

A347. Pneumocystitis carinii pneumonia

345
Q

Q348. Most Common Cause/Association:; Organ receiving metastasis

A

A348. Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)

346
Q

Q349. Most Common Cause/Association:; Organ sending metastasis

A

A349. Lung > breast, stomach

347
Q

Q350. Most Common Cause/Association:; Osteomyelitis

A

A350. S. Aureus

348
Q

Q351. Most Common Cause/Association:; osteomyelitis in IV Drug Abuser

A

A351. Pseudomonas

349
Q

Q352. Most Common Cause/Association:; osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease

A

A352. Salmonella

350
Q

Q353. Most Common Cause/Association:; Ovarian tumor (benign)

A

A353. serous cystadenoma

351
Q

Q354. Most Common Cause/Association:; Ovarian tumor (malignant)

A

A354. Serous cystadenocarcinoma

352
Q

Q355. Most Common Cause/Association:; p16

A

A355. melanoma

353
Q

Q356. Most Common Cause/Association:; p53

A

A356. Li fraumeli Ataxia Telagiectasia

354
Q

Q357. Most Common Cause/Association:; p53 17p

A

A357. Most human Cancers

355
Q

Q358. Most Common Cause/Association:; P ANCA

A

A358. antineutrophil. vasculitis. PAN

356
Q

Q359. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatic tumor

A

A359. Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)

357
Q

Q360. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatitis (acute)

A

A360. EtOH and gallstones

358
Q

Q361. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pancreatitis (chronic)

A

A361. EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

359
Q

Q362. Most Common Cause/Association:; Paradoxical embolism

A

A362. Right to Left shunt allows a venous embolism to enter arterial circulation; Patent ovale foramen or Atrial septal defect

360
Q

Q363. Most Common Cause/Association:; Parainfluenza

A

A363. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis)

361
Q

Q364. Most Common Cause/Association:; Parvovirus B19

A

A364. Fifth Disease: Erythema Infectiosum (ssDNA). Linked w/ sicle cell anemia

362
Q

Q365. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

A

A365. ALL=child, CLL=adult>60, AML = Adult >60, CML= adult 35 50

363
Q

Q366. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with AML

A

A366. adult > 60 years

364
Q

Q367. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with CLL

A

A367. adult > 60 years

365
Q

Q368. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with CML

A

A368. adult 35 50

366
Q

Q369. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with Hodgkins

A

A369. Young male (except nodular sclerosis type female)

367
Q

Q370. Most Common Cause/Association:; Patient with minimal change diesase (podocyte foot process fusion)

A

A370. young child

368
Q

Q371. Most Common Cause/Association:; patient with reiter’s

A

A371. male with HLA B27

369
Q

Q372. Most Common Cause/Association:; pelvic inflammatory disease

A

A372. neisseria gonorrheae (monoarticular arthritis)

370
Q

Q373. Most Common Cause/Association:; Peripheral Neuropathy

A

A373. Diabetes

371
Q

Q374. Most Common Cause/Association:; Philadelphia Chromosome

A

A374. CML

372
Q

Q375. Most Common Cause/Association:; Phlebothrombosis

A

A375. From a vein of lower extremities, of a pregnant uterus, in Congestive heart failure, bed ridden pt,; As a complicaiton in a pt w/ Pancreatic CA due to d blood coagulability

373
Q

Q376. Most Common Cause/Association:; PID

A

A376. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)

374
Q

Q377. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pituitary tumor

A

A377. Prolactinoma (2nd somatotropic “acidophilic” adenoma)

375
Q

Q378. Most Common Cause/Association:; PML s infectious agent

A

A378. JC Virus (Papovavirus = dsDNA, naked icosahedral capsid)

376
Q

Q379. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection

A

A379. Pseudomonas aeruginosa

377
Q

Q380. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pneumonia, hospital acquired

A

A380. Klebsiella

378
Q

Q381. Most Common Cause/Association:; Portal Hypertension

A

A381. Cirrhosis

379
Q

Q382. Most Common Cause/Association:; Preventable blindness

A

A382. Chlamydia

380
Q

Q383. Most Common Cause/Association:; Preventable cancer

A

A383. Lung cancer

381
Q

Q384. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary adrenocortical deficiency

A

A384. Addison’s disease

382
Q

Q385. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary amenorrhea

A

A385. Turner’s syndrome (XO)

383
Q

Q386. Most Common Cause/Association:; primary bone tumor

A

A386. Adults = multiple myeloma; Kids = osteosarcoma; Benign = osteochondroma

384
Q

Q387. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary bone tumor (adult)

A

A387. Multiple myeloma

385
Q

Q388. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary cardiac tumor of kids

A

A388. Rhabdomyoma (assoc with tuberus sclerosis)

386
Q

Q389. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

A389. Adenoma of adrenal cortex

387
Q

Q390. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary hyperparathyroidism

A

A390. Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)

388
Q

Q391. Most Common Cause/Association:; primary liver cancer

A

A391. hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma)

389
Q

Q392. Most Common Cause/Association:; Primary liver tumor

A

A392. Hepatoma

390
Q

Q393. Most Common Cause/Association:; Protozoal Diarrhea

A

A393. Giardia

391
Q

Q394. Most Common Cause/Association:; PSA

A

A394. Prostate Specific Antigen = elevated in prostatic CA

392
Q

Q395. Most Common Cause/Association:; PTH rp

A

A395. Squamous lung; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma; Bone metastasis

393
Q

Q396. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pulmonary embolism

A

A396. Most commonly thrombus from lower extremity vein

394
Q

Q397. Most Common Cause/Association:; Pulmonary HTN

A

A397. COPD

395
Q

Q398. Most Common Cause/Association:; ras

A

A398. colon carcinoma

396
Q

Q399. Most Common Cause/Association:; Rb 13q

A

A399. Retinoblastoma, Osteosarcoma

397
Q

Q400. Most Common Cause/Association:; Renal Failure

A

A400. Acute tubular necrosis

398
Q

Q401. Most Common Cause/Association:; Renal tumor

A

A401. Renal cell carcinoma; associated with von Hippel Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease, paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)

399
Q

Q402. Most Common Cause/Association:; Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

A402. Aka infiltrative cardiomyopathy that stiffens the heart; Due to amyloidosis in the elderly; also see schaumann & asteroid bodies in young (<25 yoa).

400
Q

Q403. Most Common Cause/Association:; Ret

A

A403. MEN II and III; including:; Pheochromocytoma; Medullary thyroid carcinoma; Parathyroid (IIa); Cutaneous and gangilio neuromas (III)

401
Q

Q404. Most Common Cause/Association:; Right Heart Failure

A

A404. Left heart failure

402
Q

Q405. Most Common Cause/Association:; right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

A

A405. Cor pulmonale

403
Q

Q406. Most Common Cause/Association:; RSV

A

A406. Bronchiolitis in infants

404
Q

Q408. Most Common Cause/Association:; S 100

A

A408. Melanoma; APUD tumors

405
Q

Q409. Most Common Cause/Association:; secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

A409. Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure

406
Q

Q410. Most Common Cause/Association:; Secondary Hypertension

A

A410. Renal disease

407
Q

Q411. Most Common Cause/Association:; Serous Pericarditis

A

A411. Associated w/ nonbacterial; viral (Coxsackie) infection; immunologic reaction.

408
Q

Q412. Most Common Cause/Association:; Sexually transmitted disease

A

A412. Chlamydia

409
Q

Q413. Most Common Cause/Association:; Sheehan’s syndrome

A

A413. Postpartum pituitary infarction secondary to hemorrhage

410
Q

Q414. Most Common Cause/Association:; SIADH

A

A414. small cell carcinoma of the lung

411
Q

Q415. Most Common Cause/Association:; Single Gene Disorder

A

A415. Thalassemia

412
Q

Q416. Most Common Cause/Association:; site of Aneurysm

A

A416. Abdominal aorta

413
Q

Q417. Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of Aneurysm of Circle of Willis

A

A417. Anterior communicating artery; bitemporal hemianopsia

414
Q

Q418. Most Common Cause/Association:; site of atherosclerosis

A

A418. abdominal aorta (AAA) > coronary (MI) > popliteal (claudication) > carotid (stroke)

415
Q

Q419. Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of diverticula

A

A419. Sigmoid colon

416
Q

Q420. Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of metastasis

A

A420. Regional lymph nodes

417
Q

Q421. Most Common Cause/Association:; Site of metastasis (2nd most common)

A

A421. Liver

418
Q

Q422. Most Common Cause/Association:; Sites of artherosclerosis

A

A422. Abdominal aorta > coronary> popliteal > carotid

419
Q

Q423. Most Common Cause/Association:; Skin cancer

A

A423. Basal cell carcinoma

420
Q

Q424. Most Common Cause/Association:; STD

A

A424. chlamydia (50% females are asx); ghonorrhea

421
Q

Q425. Most Common Cause/Association:; Stomach cancer

A

A425. Adenocarcinoma

422
Q

Q426. Most Common Cause/Association:; Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

A

A426. a Hemolytic Streptococci (S. viridans) = usually in pt w/ pre existing heart problem

423
Q

Q427. Most Common Cause/Association:; Subdural hematoma

A

A427. rupture of the bridging veins

424
Q

Q428. Most Common Cause/Association:; Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

A

A428. Obstructed due to bronchogenic carcinoma. Causing swollen face & cyanosis.

425
Q

Q429. Most Common Cause/Association:; Surgical Emergency

A

A429. Acute Appendicitis

426
Q

Q430. Most Common Cause/Association:; Swimming Pool Conjunctivitis

A

A430. Adenovirus (types 3 & 4)

427
Q

Q431. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;14)

A

A431. Mantle cell lymphoma; involving BCL1 (cyclin D1) and IgH

428
Q

Q432. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;18)(q21;q21)

A

A432. MALT lymphoma; API2 and MLT

429
Q

Q433. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(11;22)

A

A433. Ewing’s sarcoma

430
Q

Q434. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(14;18)

A

A434. Follicular B cell

431
Q

Q435. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(14;18)(q32;q21)

A

A435. Follicular lymphoma (FL); bcl 2 gene (18) translocated to Ig gene(14)

432
Q

Q436. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(15;17)(q22lq12 21)

A

A436. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML)

433
Q

Q437. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(2;5)(p23;q35)

A

A437. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL); ALK and NPM

434
Q

Q438. Most Common Cause/Association:; t(3;14)(q27;q32)

A

A438. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma; bcl 6/IgH

435
Q

Q439. Most Common Cause/Association:; T(8;14)

A

A439. Burkitt s lymphoma = c myc oncogene overexpression

436
Q

Q440. Most Common Cause/Association:; T(9;22)

A

A440. CML = c abl/bcr gene formation = Philadelphia translocation

437
Q

Q441. Most Common Cause/Association:; Testicular tumor

A

A441. Seminoma

438
Q

Q442. Most Common Cause/Association:; TGF beta

A

A442. Squamous lung; metastasis to bone; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma

439
Q

Q443. Most Common Cause/Association:; Thiamine deficiency

A

A443. Wet Beri Beri heart. Dilated (congested) cardiomyopathy due to chronic alcohol consumption; Dyr Beri Beri = peripheral neuropathy; Wernicke Korsakoff = ataxia; confusion; confabulation; memory loss

440
Q

Q444. Most Common Cause/Association:; Thyroid cancer

A

A444. Papillary carcinoma

441
Q

Q445. Most Common Cause/Association:; Thyroid disease

A

A445. Goiter

442
Q

Q446. Most Common Cause/Association:; TNF alpha

A

A446. Squamous lung; Metastasis to bone; RCC; Breast; Multiple myeloma

443
Q

Q447. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tracheoesophageal fistula

A

A447. Lower esophagus joins trache/upper esophagus blind pouch

444
Q

Q448. Most Common Cause/Association:; TRAP (tartrate resistant acid phosphatase)

A

A448. Hairy B cell Leukemia

445
Q

Q449. Most Common Cause/Association:; Trisomy 13

A

A449. Patau s: small head & eyes; cleft lip & palate; many fingers

446
Q

Q450. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tuberculoid granuloma

A

A450. Collection of macrophages w/o caseation; Seen w/ Sarcoidosis (non caseating); Syphilis; Brucellosis and Leprotic infections

447
Q

Q451. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor associated with Hashimoto’s Disease; Myasthemia Gravis

A

A451. Thymoma

448
Q

Q452. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in cirrhosis

A

A452. hepatocellular carcinoma

449
Q

Q453. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in infancy

A

A453. Hemangioma

450
Q

Q454. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in Sjogrens syndrome

A

A454. B cell lymphoma

451
Q

Q455. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in Tuberous Sclerosis

A

A455. Astrocytoma; Cardiac Rhadomyoma

452
Q

Q456. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in ulcerative colitis (Crohns)

A

A456. colonic adenocarcinoma

453
Q

Q457. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor in woman

A

A457. Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)

454
Q

Q458. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor of adrenal medulla (Adults)

A

A458. Pheochromocytoma (benign)

455
Q

Q459. Most Common Cause/Association:; tumor of adrenal medulla (kids)

A

A459. Neuroblastoma (malignant)

456
Q

Q460. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumor of infancy

A

A460. Hemangioma

457
Q

Q461. Most Common Cause/Association:; Tumors in tuberous sclerosis (facial angiofibroma, seizures, MR)

A

A461. astrocytoma, cardiac rhabdomyoma

458
Q

Q462. Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of Hodgkin’s

A

A462. Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cullularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

459
Q

Q463. Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of non Hodgkin’s

A

A463. Follicular, small cleaved

460
Q

Q464. Most Common Cause/Association:; Type of pituitary adenoma

A

A464. Prolactinoma

461
Q

Q465. Most Common Cause/Association:; Uric acid

A

A465. Leukemia; Lymphomas; Chemotherapy

462
Q

Q466. Most Common Cause/Association:; US helminth infection

A

A466. Enterobius Vermicularis; Ascaris lumbircoides; (tx both with mebendizole)

463
Q

Q467. Most Common Cause/Association:; UTI

A

A467. E. Coli

464
Q

Q468. Most Common Cause/Association:; UTI (young women)

A

A468. E coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus

465
Q

Q469. Most Common Cause/Association:; Vasculitis

A

A469. Temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery)

466
Q

Q470. Most Common Cause/Association:; VHL 3p

A

A470. Von Hippel Lindau, Renal Cell CA

467
Q

Q471. Most Common Cause/Association:; Vinyl Chloride; Arsenic; Thorotrast

A

A471. Angiosarcoma of the liver

468
Q

Q472. Most Common Cause/Association:; Viral encephalitis

A

A472. HSV

469
Q

Q473. Most Common Cause/Association:; Vitamin deficiency (U.S)

A

A473. Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3 to 4 month supply)

470
Q

Q474. Most Common Cause/Association:; Worm infection in US

A

A474. 1. Pinworm 2. Ascaris

471
Q

Q475. Most Common Cause/Association:; WT 1 11p

A

A475. Wilm s tumor

472
Q

Q476. Most Common Cause/Association:; Xeroderma Pigmentosum

A

A476. 1) BCC (basal); 2) SCC (squamous); Also Melanoma; Problem in DNA Repair Enzyme, Thymine Dimers

473
Q

Q477. Most Common Cause/Association: Micronodular pigment cirrhosis; Bronze Diabetes; Skin pigmentation

A

A477. Hemochromatosis Triad; due to Fe3+ deposition

Clinical Medicine (7 decks)

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