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Antibiotics > Common Antibiotics > Flashcards

Common Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Against which group of bacteria is Penicillin primarily effective?

A

Streptococci

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2
Q

What is Amoxicillin effective against?

A

Many Gram Positive and some Gram Negative bacteria

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3
Q

Name 2 indication for prescription of Amoxicillin

A

URTIs

Prophylaxis for Endocarditis

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4
Q

Against what is Flucloxacillin effective?

A

Staph (All MSSA) and Strep

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5
Q

Name an indication for Flucloxacillin prescription

A

Wound infections/Cellulitis

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6
Q

What co-factor is present in Co-Amoxiclav to overcome resistance?

A

B-Lactamase Inhibitor

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7
Q

Against what is Co-Amoxiclav effective?

A

Staph, Streph, Many Gram Pos., more Gram Neg. than Flucloxacillin, Amoxicillin, and Penicillin, and Anaerobes

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8
Q

List 4 indications for Co-Amoxiclav prescription

A

Non-pneumonic chest infections
HA Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Bites - Human or Animal

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9
Q

What co-factor is present in Piperacillin and Tazobactam to combat resistance?

A

B-Lactamase Inhibitor

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10
Q

against what are Piperacillin and Tazobactam effective?

A

Staph, Strep, Many Gram Pos., many Gram Neg. including Pseudomonas, and Anaerobes

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11
Q

In which class of antimicrobials do Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Flucloxacillin, Co-Amoxiclav, Piperacillin, and Tazobactam lie?

A

Penicillins (Cell wall cross-linking)

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12
Q

Against what is Ceftriaxone effective?

A

Many things - V. Broad Spectrum, though no Anaerobe activity

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13
Q

Name 3 indications for prescription of Ceftriaxone

A

Meningitis
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Paediatric Pneumonia

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14
Q

What class of antimicrobials is Ceftriaxone in?

A

Cephalosporins

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15
Q

What is Meropenem effective against?

A

Incredibly broad spectrum, including anaerobes and most Gram Negs

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16
Q

Name an indication for prescription of Meropenem

A

Infective exacerbation of CF

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17
Q

Is Meropenem safe to use in Penicillin allergy?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Against what is Imipenem effective?

A

Incredibly broad spectrum, including anaerobes and most Gram Negs

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19
Q

Name an indication for Imiepenem

A

Sepsis with Penicillin allergy

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20
Q

What class of antimicrobials are Meropenem and Imipenem in?

A

Carbapenems

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21
Q

What is Vancomycin effective against?

A

Most Gram Pos.

NB Some Enterococci are resistant

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22
Q

List 4 indications for Vancomycin administration

A

Severe skin/soft-tissue infections with penicillin allergy
Central Venous Line Sepsis
MRSA Prophylaxis
C. Difficile

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23
Q

How is Vancomycin administered?

A

Must be IV unless fr C. Diff

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24
Q

Against what is Teicoplanin effective?

A

Most Gram Pos.

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25
Q

Why might you use Teicoplanin?

A

If patient has vancomycin indications but is allergic to Vancomycin

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26
Q

In what class of antimicrobials do Vancomycin and Teicoplanin fall?

A

Glycopeptides (Cell wall synthesis)

27
Q

What is Tetracycline effective against?

A 
Broad Spectrum - 
Usually Gram Pos
Atypical neumonic Pathogens
Chlamydia
Some Protozoa
28
Q

List 4 indications for Tetracycline use

A

Non-pneumonic chest infections
Skin/soft-tissue infection with penicillin allergy
Chalmydia
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

29
Q

To whom must one not give Tetracycline?

A

Children under the age of 12

30
Q

Can Tetracycline be used in Penicillin allergy?

31
Q

Can Amoxicillin be used in penicillin allergy?

32
Q

Against what is Doxycycline effective?

A 
Broad Spectrum - 
Usually Gram Pos
Atypical neumonic Pathogens
Chlamydia
Some Protozoa
33
Q

List 4 indications for Doxycycline use

A

Non-pneumonic chest infections
Skin/soft-tissue infection with penicillin allergy
Chalmydia
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

34
Q

Into which class of antimicrobials do Doxy and Tetracylcine fit?

A

Tetracyclines (obvs, guys)

35
Q

Against what is Gentamicin effective?

A

Profound Gram Neg activity!

36
Q

List 4 indications for Gentamicin use

A

Gram Neg Sepsis
Serious Abdominal Infections
Serious UTIs
Biliary Sepsis

37
Q

What is the problem with Gentamicin?

A

Potentially nephrotoxic

38
Q

Name an Aminoglycoside (Protein Synthesis)

A

Gentamicin

39
Q

Name 2 Macrolides (Protein Synthesis)

A

Erythromycin

Clarithromycin

40
Q

Against what is Erythromycin effective?

A

Gram Pos.

Atypical Respiratory Pathogens

41
Q

List 3 indications for Erythromycin

A

Whooping Cough
Camoylobacter Enteritis
Diptheria and Whooping Cough Prophylaxis

42
Q

What is Clarithromycin effective against?

A

Atypical Mycobacteria

Similar to Erythromycin tbh

43
Q

What are 2 indications for Clarithromycin?

A

Legionnaire’s Disease

H. Pylori as part of Triple Treatment

44
Q

What is the good thing about Erythromycin and Clarithromycin?

A

Well-distributed, even intracellularly

45
Q

Name a Quinolone (Nucleic Acid Synthesis)

A

Ciprofloxacin

46
Q

Against what is Ciprofloxacin effective?

A 
Gram Negs
Atypical Pathogens (ikr, v. unhelpful)
47
Q

What is an indication for Ciprofloxacin?

A

Complex UTI with penicillin allergy

NB: Restricted due to increasing C. Diff resistance!

48
Q

Into which antimicrobial class do Trimethoprim and Co-Trimoxazole fit?

A

Trimethoprim and Sulphonamides

49
Q

What is Trimethoprim effective against?

A

Staph Aureus

E. Coli

50
Q

What is an indication for Trimethoprim?

51
Q

With what is Trimethoprim combined to create Co-Trimoxazole?

A

SulphamethoXAZOLE

52
Q

Against what is Co-Trimoxazole effective?

A

MRSA

E.Coli

53
Q

What is Fluconazole?

A

Antifungal - Azole: Inhibits Membrane Synthesis and Function

54
Q

Against what is Fluconazole effective?

A

Candida

Itra/Vori/Posaconazole also active against Aspergillus

55
Q

What is an indication for Fluconazole?

A

Lady Problems eg Thrush

56
Q

What are Polyenes?

Give 2 examples

A

Antifungals

Nystatin and Amphotericin

57
Q

Against what are Nystatin and Amphotericin effective?

A

Aspergillus
Yeasts
Most Moulds

58
Q

Name an indication for each of Nystatin and Amphotericin

A

Nystatin: Topical Candida Treatment
Amphotericin: IV for Systemic Fungi

59
Q

Name 2 antivirals and their mechanisms of action

A

Aciclovir - Inhibits DNA Polymerase

Oseltamivir (TamiFlu) - Inhibits Neuraminidase

60
Q

Against what is Oseltamivir effective?

A

Influenza A and B

61
Q

List 5 indications for Aciclovir

A 
Herpes Simplex
Genital Herpes
Encephalitis (Viral obvs)
Varicella Zoster
Chicken Pox and Shingles
62
Q

Name something that is Antibacterial and Antiprotozoal

A

Metronidazole

And yes technically doxycycline if you said that

63
Q

Against what is Metronidazole effective?

A

Anaerobic Bacteria
Amoebae
Giardia
Trichomonas

64
Q

List 4 indications for Metronidazole

A

C.Diff
Surgical Prophylaxis
Protozoal Infections
Abdominal Infections (In Combo)

Antibiotics (1 decks)

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