Common and chemical agents use in microbial control Flashcards
it hydrolyzes and coagulates proteins
acid and alkali solutions
first widely used antiseptic and disinfectant, it is effective even in the presence of organics and it remains active for a long period when applied on surfaces
Phenol and phenolic compounds (tuberculocidal)
examples of Phenol and phenolic compounds
cresols, xylenols, lysol
is is used both as an antispetic and disinfectant- bactericidal and fungicidal
Alcohol (non-sporicidal)
most ideal to denature microorganisms
70% alcohol
disadvantage of alcohol
it has a poor activity against nonenveloped viruses
it destroys microorganisms by oxidation mechanism
Halogen
effective antiseptics
tincture of iodine and iodophor
contains chloride and used to disinfect drinking water
Halozone (parasulfone dichloroaminobenzoic acid)
effective bleach
1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCL)
is more stable than iodine in its pure form and is a combination of iodine and neutral polymer (detergent)
Iodophor
Antibacterial effect of iodophor
oxidative effects of molecular iodine and hypoiodic acid
degrades microbial cell walls, cytoplasm, denatures enzymes and coagulates chromosomal material
Free iodine
for handwashing, surgical hand scrub, and preoperative skin preparation
5-10% povidine-iodine
is used in the form of hypochlorite
chlorine
antibacterial effect of chlorine
oxidative effects of hypochlorous acid (formed when chloride ions are dissolved in water)
recommended by CDC’s for cleaning blood spills
1:10 dilution of 5.25% solution
contact time of chlorine
2 minutes ( longer in the presence of organic material) 10-30 minutes = mycobacteria
are both antiseptic and disinfectant
iodophor and alcohol
tincture of iodine contains
2% iodine and 70% alcohol
is the most common form of skin disinfection before drawing blood for culture or surgery
70% alcohol followed by an iodophor
it destroys microorganisms by inactivation and precipitation of cell proteins
salts of heavy metals
eye drop solution
AgNO3
algicide
CuSO4
antiseptic
mercuric chloride
2 components of QUATS
detergent and phenolics
it is used as surface-active agents
detergent (nontuberculocidal and nonsporicidal)
antibacterial effect of detergent
it disrupts cell membrane, resulting in leakage of cell contents
use of detergent
lab bench tops and floors
resistant to quats
P. aeruginosa
are molecules of phenol that have been substituted by halogens and are stable, biodegradable, and active in the presence of organic material
phenolics (nonsporicidal)
antibacterial effect of phenolics
disruption of cell cell walls
use of phenolics
hospital floors and surroundings
antibacterial effect of aldehydes
inactivation of proteins and nucleic acids
use of aldehydes
sterilize medical instruments
example of aldehydes
aldehyde fomaldehyde (8%) and glutaraldehyde (2%)
it is generally used as formalin
formaldehyde (37 aqeuous solution or HCHO gas)
how many percent of HCHO
3-8% with a contact time of 30 minutes (mycobacteria)
use of formaldehyde
to sterilize HEPA filters in biological safety cabinets (formaldehyde vapor
