Commercial protection + Suppressing piracy Flashcards
What did the Royal Navy, constantly need, to work its fleets? Why was this difficult to obtain?
How did the Navy get around this issue?
What did Blue water policy provide?
What was Blue Water policy?
What acts passed by government supported this?
What was the transition to a free trade empire?
What did the navigation Acts ensure?
-The Royal Navy constantly needed skilled sailors. Life for seamen was tough as pay was modest, discipline was harsh and the risk of injury or death was high.
-Impressment into the navy had to be used to fill the gaps.
-Blue water policy provided a large merchant fleet that was encouraged to provide sailors and shops for the navy.
-‘Blue water’ policy: the navy protected traders and disrupted rival trade while the traders funded the navy and supplied men and ships.
-The government supported this through the Navigation Acts.
-The role of the navy changed over time from its symbolic relationship with merchants to guaranteeing Britain’s free trade empire.
-The navigation Acts ensured that any form of trade within the Empire had to be carried by British ships.
In which continent did trade become very lucrative during the early 19th century, how did the British ensure protection?
Which island operated by French Privateers did Britain capture?
Robert Surcouf?
What else affected trading from the Red Sea? How did Britain intially respond?
What did Britain do about the issue of piracy in the Straits of Malacca?
Why were the Straits of Malacca so important?
-Asian trading became very lucrative during the early 19th century. The navy devoted resources to protecting routes & made pacts with other imperial powers(I.e. Dutch).
-French privateers operated out of Isle de France until Britain captured the island in 1810 and renamed it Mauritius.
-Robert Surcouf was the most renowned French privateer capturing over 40 prizes.
-Arab pirates continued to threaten shipping from the Red Sea to Bombay and the navy stepped in response.
-Treaties were signed with local rulers like the Sultan of Aden to protect British shipping.
-The Straits of Malacca continued to be a threat to shipping and Britain agreed to begin patrols with the Dutch in 1824.
-The Straits of Malacca linked India to China. It protected the trade of opium
What were the pirates who operated out of Tunis and Tripoli ports known as?
How were they effective? Who also benefitted from this endeavour?
Was there any former relations between the Navy and the barbary states?
What placed pressure on Lord Exmouth to sign treaties with the Bays?
-Pirates and salvers operated out of North African ports like Tunis and Tripoli, known collectively as the ‘Barbary states’.
-The pirates were well-armed and organised to capture shipping and conduct coastal raids to kidnap prisoners.
- The rulers (The Beys) became rich from their share.
-The Royal Navy had bought supplies from the Barbary states during the Napoleonic Wars but this ended in 1815.
-The navy was criticised for not doing anything to tackle the problems in Europe but fighting the African slave trade so Lord Exmouth went to North Africa and signed treaties with the Beys.
What happened before Exmouth returned to Europe after signing treaties with the Bays?
What did he do in response? Ransom?
Was the Bombardment successful?The French?
What did the bombardment show?
-Before Exmouth returned, 200 Europeans were massacred on the island of Bona.
-Exmouth went back to North Africa freeing slaves and bombarding Algiers as well as retaking ransom money.
-Before Exmouth returned, 200 Europeans were massacred on the island of Bona. Exmouth went back to North Africa freeing slaves and bombarding Algiers as well as retaking ransom money(Over £80,000 in ransom).
-The bombardment was not completely effective as the Beys relied on piracy. This continued until France took algiers in 1830.
-The 1816 bombardment showed that Britain had assumed the role of a police force, acting for citizens of other countries.
How many cannon balls were fired in the bombardment of algiers?
How many slaves freed?
-50,000.
-3,000 slaves.
