Commercial Multi Engine Flashcards
How long are Medicals valid for
Medicals under 40 yrs old: valid for 60 calendar months
Medicals over 40 yrs old: valid for 24 calendar months
3 questions to figure out if you are Holding Out
- Are you supplying the plane?
- Are you advertising yourself?
- Are you charging per seats?
When does Registration become invalid?
Expires, Leaves the Country, Sold to someone else, Owner Dies, Airplane totaled
3 types of AD’s
Once- usually has a due date then plane becomes Invalid
Reoccurring- usually has to be dealt with over and over
Emergency- planes are grounded until it is fixed, AD becomes active immediately
91.213(d)
Inoperative Equipment
- Type certificate data sheet
- Equipment list
- 91.205
- AD’s
- Kinds of operation equipment list
What makes up a MEL
Master MEL
O and M (operator and maintenance)
Preamble
Letter of Authorization
43 Appendix A
Preventable Maintenance for pilots, if it’s not there, you can do it
4 types of Turbulence
Convective Turbulence
Mechanical Turbulence
Clear Air Turbulence
Wake Turbulence
Way wake Turbulence spins
Inwards, outwards, downwards
Special use airspace
W- Warning Areas A- Alert Areas R- Restricted M- MOA P- Prohibited C- Controlled Firing Areas N- National Security Areas
91.211
Oxygen Requirements
Above 12,500: required flight crew after 30 minutes
Above 14,000: required flight crew
Above 15,000: required flight crew and passengers
FL250: 10 minutes of reserved oxygen
FL350: At least one pilot needs to wear oxygen mask, unless they have quick denning mask
FL410: One pilot has to be wearing oxygen mask
Different kind of Alierons
Differential Ailerons
Freeze Ailerons
Interconnected Rudder Ailerons
91.3
Pilot in command: is the final authority as to the operation of the aircraft. In a emergency, the PIC may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency. Upon request of the administrator, send a written report of that deviation
91.15
Dropping Objects: no one may drop anything out of Aircraft if it creates a hazard to persons or property.
91.103
Preflight action: becoming familiar with all available information concerning that flight
N- Notams
W-Weather reports and forecasts
K- Known ATC delays
R- Runway lengths at airports of intended use
A- Alternate airports
F- Fuel requirements
T- Takeoff and Landing distance information.
91.111
Operating near other aircraft: no person may operate an aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create another hazard, except by arrangement of the PIC of each aircraft in the formation. Cannot fly formation flights when carrying passengers for hire.
91.113
Right of way rules: A distress Aircraft always has right of ways. When converging, both planes shall give way to the right. When overtaking, the plane being overtaken has the right of way, plane overtaking shall pass to the right. When landing, the lower aircraft has the right of way.
91.117
Aircraft speeds: Below 10,000 MSL= 250kts
At or below 2,500 above the surface, within 4nm of Class C and D Airspace, and underlying a Class B Airspace= 200kts
91.119
Minimum Safe Altitudes: Anywhere: if power unit fails, an emergency landing may be made without injury to person or property. Congested: 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle and 2,000 feet horizontally. Non-congested: 500 feet above the highest obstacle.
Class A Airspace
Requirements: must be on a IFR flight plan, must be instrument rated. 2 way radio communications, Mode C transponder. Extensions: 18,000-60,000 MSL
Class B Airspace
Requirements: hold at least a Private Pilot Certificate, Mode C Transponder, Two-way radio communications. Extensions: Surface-normally 10,000 but can be higher, and has shelves. VFR visibility: 3sm and clear of clouds. Must be cleared into the Airspace
Class C Airspace
Requirements: Two-way radio communications, Mode C Transponder. Extensions: Surface-4,000 MSL, normally consists of 5nm radius and then a 10nm radius after 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet. VFR visibility: 3sm, 500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, and 2,000 ft horizontally
Class D Airspace
Requirements: Two-way radio communications. Extensions: Surface- 2,500 MSL, radius is tailored to airport, but typically can be 4nm. VFR visibility: 3sm, 500 below, 1,000 above, and 2,000 horizontally
Class E Airspace
Where it can start: Surface, 700 AGL, 1,200 AGL, 14,500 MSL, FL60. Ends at but not including 18,000 MSL. VFR visibility: Below 10,000- 3sm, 500 below, 1,000 Above, 2,000 horizontally. Above 10,000- 5sm, 1,000 below, 1,000 above, 1sm
91.151
Fuel requirements for flight in VFR conditions: must be able to fly to first intended landing during cruising speed. Then During the Day= 30 minutes. During the Night= 45 minutes
91.157
Special VFR requirements: have to have ATC clearance, Clear of Clouds, and 1sm.
91.159
VFR cruising altitude: Above 3,000 AGL and Below 18,000 MSL, on a magnetic heading of 360-179 must fly odd thousands +500 feet. On a magnetic heading of 180-359 must fly even thousand +500 feet
Anti-Servo Trim Tab
Primary purpose is over controlling of aircraft
What are the 4 types of flaps, and what is the worst/best
Fowler, Plain, Split, Slotted. Best=Fowler Worst=Split
Explain Detonation and Pre-Ignition
Detonation= exploding in the cylinder instead of a steady fast burn Pre-Ignition= A hot spot in the cylinder, might get hot enough for ignition in cylinder before spark plug
3 things you need to go below Minimums
- 175
- Normal rate descent using normal maneuvers
- The flight visibility is not less visibility prescribed in the standard instrument approach being used.
- See one of the twelve runway environment
Name all 12 runway environments
Runway, runway markings, runway lights, threshold, threshold markings, threshold lights, touchdown, touchdown markings, touchdown lights, VASI/PAPI, REIL, Red side row bars/Red terminating bars
Lost comms in IFR conditions
Route: Altitude:
A- Assigned M- MEA
V- Vector. E- Expected
E- Expected A- Assigned
F- Filed
91.205(b)
Required equipment for VFR flight A-Anti collision lights T-Tachometer O-Oil pressure M-Manifold Pressure A-Altimeter T-Temperature Gauges O-Oil Temp Gauge F-Fuel Gauges L-Landing Light (if gear is retractable) A-Airspeed Indicator M-Magnetic Compass E-ELT S-Seat Belts
91.205 (c)
Required Equipment for night flight: All day time required equipment F-Fuse L-Landing Light (only for hire) A-Anti-Collision lights P-Position Lights S-Source
91.205(d)
Require Equipment for IFR flight All Day a Time VFR equipment All Night time VFR equipment (if flying at night) G-Generator/Alternator R-Radio/Navs for the required flight A-Attitude Indicator B-Ball C-Clock (digital or sweeping hand) A-Altimeter (Sensitive) R-Rate of Turn Indicator D
