Command Words Flashcards
Calculate
Work out the values of smth
Describe
Give an account of
Describe how you would…
Briefly detail the principles of an investigation. Name the IV,DV and controlled variables, control experiment and methods of standardizing. Volumes and masses of solutions are normally not necessary
Define
Specify meaning: using specific terminology from the spec
Evaluate
Judge from the available evidence. To get full marks you need to use evidence that both supports and negates the conclusion. Your answer should contain the word ‘but’
- always make comparisons e.g. more species on conventional farming ‘than’
- be specific e.g if your negating the conclusion state why e.g. number of samples taken is not taken so the data may not be representative
Explain
Give reasons using your taught A level biology knowledge
- be specific e.g when does crossing over occur?
Use information from….
The most ignored statement in exam papers! To get full marks you must refer to the information provided as well as your a-level knowledge
Sketch(a curve to show)
This term refers to the drawing of graphs. You need to estimate of the expected curve. Even on a sketched graph, the axes should be correctly labelled
Suggest
Present possibilities using all your biological knowledge
- link back to knowledge of the topic
Compare
Identify similarities and or differences
Contrast
Identify differences
Draw
Produce a labelled diagram
Name
Give the full title
State and explain
- Give your answer and give the reason for why you gave that answer
Controlled experiments note
- To compare results
- To ensure that the independent variable is the cause
Application
- create links in the question to other information about the topic
conclude
Make a conclusion about the information provided using your knowledge of the subject e.g. at low oxygen levels, there is enough supply of oxygen for respiration
Evaluation points
- No control group
- unknown side effects
- only one person tested
- no stats test
Key
ALWAYS GIVE SHORT, STRAIGHT TO THE POINT ANSWERS!!!!
Give the evaluation template
• No stats test (to show if differences are significant
• Another NAMED factor may be involved
• Little evidence/ data for higher or lower variable
• Correlation does not mean causation
• Small sample size
• The trial not being done in humans but in mice
Suggest one advantage of using the FFQ method and one disadvantage of using the FFQ method compared with the alternative method.
FFQ: Questionnaire
Alternative method is to calculate the fibre eaten by asking people detailed question of what they have eaten in the last 24hrs
ADVANTAGE
• Over a long period so more representative
• More cost effective because fewer nurses are required
• People are more likely to be honest in a questionnaire
DISADVANTAGE
• Relies on long-term memory so may not be accurate
• Person may be more honest when being interviewed
