Command Line Tools

Question 1

What is Ping?

Answer 1

Command use to test network connectivity and resolve hostnames to IP addresses

Uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

• t switch sends unlimited Pings (Windows)
• c switch sets number of pings (Linux)

Question 2

What is Hping?

Answer 2

Similar to ping, but also uses TCP, UDB, and ICMP

Can also scan for open ports.

Question 3

What is ipconfig?

Answer 3

(Internet Protocol Configuration)

Command line use to show TCP/IP configuration; ip address subnet mask, default gateway, MAC address and dns server of all nics on a device.

Question 4

What is ifconfig

Answer 4

Similar to ipconfig but with more capabilities. Can display nic properties and configure the nic as well.

Used on Linux

Question 5

What is IP?

Answer 5

Command that replaces ifconfig with different/less features.

Question 6

What is Netstat?

Answer 6

Command line used to determine active connections and view system tcp/ip protocol statistics.

Question 7

What is Tracert?

Answer 7

Command line used to display all transporting routers (hops) between two systems.
Can also be used to see where packets are dropped or where a path has been modified.

• Tracert (Windows)
• Traceroute (Linux)
• d switch prevents command from resolving ip addresses to hostnames which makes the command go faster.
• n switch used on Linux to go faster and not resolve names.

Question 8

What is Pathping?

Answer 8

Command line that combines the features of tracert and ping. Identifies hops and computes statistics of each ping per hop.

• mrt similar command in Linux but not needed for exam.

Question 9

What is ARP

Answer 9

Command line used to view and edit the ARP cache of a system.

Question 10

What is the cat command?

Answer 10

Used in Linux, Short for concatenate, used to view the contents of a file. Can also merge or make copies of files as well.

• | more switch allows to view files one page at a time.

Question 11

What is the grep command?

Answer 11

(Globally Search A Regular Expression and Print)

Used in Linux, to search specific contents of a file. Can be used with other commands.

Question 12

What is the head command?

Answer 12

Used in Linux, to view the beginning of a file. By default first 10 lines.

Question 13

What is the Tail command?

Answer 13

Linux command used to view the last few lines in a file. By default last 10 lines.

-n switch allows to set number of lines.

Question 14

What is the Logger command?

Answer 14

Linux command used to add entries for the syslog file such as right before doing a backup. Gives a time stamp

Question 15

What is the journalclt command?

Answer 15

Linux command used to query Linux system logging utility. Journald.

Question 16

What is the chmod command?

Answer 16

Linux command used to assign permissions; read, write, and execute. Three groups to be identified.

Two ways can be done.

Chmod 760 filename

Or

Chmod u=0 filename

U - file owner
G - group
O - everyone else.