Command Line, Git, and GitHub Basics

Question 1

a text-based environment where you can do things like create, move, copy, and delete files and folders, using different commands that are like mini-programs.

Answer 1

The command line

Question 2

What is used to keep track of changes in files within a project. It allows you to take snapshots of a project at different points in time, create different versions of a project, and move between and even combine those different versions.

Answer 2

Version Control ystem

Question 3

change directory, used to move from one directory (a.k.a., folder) to another

Answer 3

cd: cd ~ = home directory ; cd .. is a shortcut for the parent directory

Question 4

print working directory, used to print the name of the folder you’re currently in

Answer 4

pwd

Question 5

list, used to list the contents of a directory

Answer 5

ls

Question 6

make directory, used to create a new directory

Answer 6

mkdir. For multiple files use: mkdir -p test/cats/dogs/bears

Question 7

used to create a new (empty) file with a given name

Answer 7

touch

Question 8

remove, used to remove a file (or folder)

Answer 8

rm

Question 9

remove directory, used to remove a directory

Answer 9

rmdir

Question 10

move, used to move a file or directory

Answer 10

mv

Question 11

copy, used to copy a file or directory

Answer 11

cp

Question 12

list all file including hidden

Answer 12

ls -a

Question 13

(short for conCATenate) is used to print out the contents of a file to the command line.

Answer 13

cat command ex: cat file_folder/file.txt

Question 14

To make a file or folder hidden, all you have to do is use a _______ as the first character in the name.

Answer 14

period (.) example: touch .hidden_file.txt

Question 15

To hide a file on Windows, you must set the file’s _____ to hidden as well.

Answer 15

attribute : This can be done in Git Bash using the attrib command. Type attrib +h plus the file path in quotations. For example:

$ attrib +h “C:\Users\benvi\test.hidden-file.txt”

Question 16

deleting in the command line environment is

Answer 16

permanent

Question 17

use ____ to get an interactive prompt that will tell you what you’re about to delete, and ask you to confirm that you really want to delete it.

Answer 17

rm -i

Question 18

If you need to delete a directory that has files or other directories in it, you’ll need to use the rm command along with the

Answer 18

-r and -f flags. The -r flag stands for “recursive” and will attempt to remove subfolders within the target folder. The -f flag will automatically remove files in the target folder and its subfolders without asking for confirmation. You could also run rm -r folder-to-be-removed, and this will allow you to delete the folder and its contents, but you’ll be prompted along the way to confirm deletion of individual files.

Question 19

Copying a file or folder is similar to moving it, except that

Answer 19

the original is retained

Question 20

two key ideas to grasp about Git, and everything else more or less falls out from them:

Answer 20

taking snapshots of code and creating distinct branches of code.

Question 21

makes it safe to make deep (or shallow) changes to your code with less fear that you’re going to “destroy everything”.

Answer 21

snapshots

Question 22

allow you to have different, diverging versions of a code repository.

Answer 22

branches

Question 23

set up a global user name and user email for Git.

Answer 23

git config –global user.name “Beyonce Knowles”

git config –global user.email “beyonce@thinkful.com”

Question 24

used to initialize a new Git repository

Answer 24

git init -

Question 25

used to find out the current state of the repository (aka, repo, for short)

Answer 25

git status -

Question 26

used to stage new or changed files. We’ll discuss the idea of staging changes in a moment

Answer 26

git add -

Question 27

used to take a snapshot of the repo at a point in time

Answer 27

git commit -

Question 28

used to see what has changed in a repo since the last commit

Answer 28

git diff –

Question 29

used to reset your repository to a prior state.

Answer 29

git reset –

Question 30

used to look at a prior state of the repository

Answer 30

git checkout –

Question 31

Git’s version control system knows about a file and is watching it

Answer 31

Git is tracking a file. If a tracked file has been included in a commit, Git will be able to tell us how it’s changed since the last commit and the present moment.

Question 32

like telling Git, “Hey pay attention to the (new) state of this file at this particular moment.

Answer 32

When you stage a change to a file

Question 33

snapshot does not happen until you commit a set of staged changes

Answer 33

committing a file

Question 34

formally request to merge one version of a repo into another. GitHub has a great UI for collaboratively discussing, reviewing, and approving pull requests.

Answer 34

a pull request