Command And Control / Emergency Management

Question 1

Control

Answer 1

Operates horizontally across agencies

Question 2

Command

Answer 2

Operates vertically within an organisation

Question 3

When does coordination occur?

Answer 3

It occurs when command and control is communicated to all responders and their agencies, by giving appropriate taskings that are completed correctly in a timely manner.

Question 4

Control sets …

Answer 4

… priorities and objectives and determines how best to implement them

Question 5

Control includes …

Answer 5

… the authority to assign tasks to another agency and to coordinate that agency’s wider actions so that it integrates with the wider response

Question 6

What is the scope and function of command and control?

Answer 6

• operates horizontally between response agencies

- Police exercise control when it is the lead agency in a multi-agency response

Question 7

What are the 3 essential elements of command and control?

Hint: LDC

Answer 7

1. Leadership
2. Decision making
3. Control

Question 8

How do we record our decision making?

Answer 8

Through the use of a decision log

Question 9

What are the three different operating levels?

Answer 9

• Tactical command - occurs within the community
• Operational - occurs where there are multiple tactical level activities or when too complex
• Strategic - when the event is significant and requires dedicated attention

Question 10

List the principles of command and control/emergency management

Answer 10

Unity - there must be a clear chain of control or command

Span - recommended level - 2-7 direct reports

Continuity - must be sustainable

Delegation - centralization of control / decentralization of execution

Obligations - community safety/staff/reputation of Police

Question 11

What is the appreciation process?

Answer 11

• It is the act of understanding the nature, magnitude or meaning of the situation faced
• Should be written
• Allows for clear thought and logical reasoning
• The output are options which can be briefed to the IC for guidance and approval on one course of action
• The approved course of action is developed into a plan
• The plan is developed into the operation orders which outlines how the operation will be carried out

Question 12

What is the appreciation format?

Answer 12

AFCO =

Aim
Factors
Courses of action
Outline plan

Question 13

Detail ‘Aim’ in respect of the appreciation format

Answer 13

• Set by a higher control or command level
• If no higher level then it is the commander of the Police response
• Will generally start, “To … “ and will outline the ‘what’ of the operation
• The aim can include the ‘how’, ‘when’, ‘why’ or ‘where’.
• Should also take into account any critical facts and assumptions.

Question 14

Detail ‘Factors’ in respect of the appreciation format

Answer 14

• The circumstances, facts or influences which impact on the conduct of the operation
• Each factor should be considered regarding its impact on the operational plan and how it might be mitigated against.
• Factors can be listed and then discussed by asking, “So what?” to focus on the impact, and then by discussing “therefore” to address any mitigation.

Question 15

“So what?” focuses on the …?

Answer 15

… impact

Question 16

“Therefore?” addresses the …

Answer 16

… mitigation and contributes to the shaping of the plan.

Question 17

Some factors are dictated due to the incident while others will remain standard for every operation. List factors that should always be considered

(GOT WIRD? MOCONNA!)

Answer 17

GOT WIRD? MOCONNA! =

Ground, Offenders, Time and space, Weather and environment, legIslation, Risks, buDget

Media, lOg, Community impact assessment, politiCal considerations, pOlice role, iNtelligence, heAlth and safety

Question 18

Detail “Courses of Action” in respect of the appreciation process?

Answer 18

• Once all factors have been considered, logical, appropriate and distinguishable courses of action will be identified which could help achieve the aim.
• Each course of action should be discussed and analysed by looking at their advantages and disadvantages
• Then one course of action will be approved and further developed towards a plan

Question 19

How would you outline your plan once you’ve decided on your course of action?

Answer 19

Through GSMEAC

• GROUND: covers an overview of terrain and make up of the area where the operation will be conducted
• SITUATION: This section will provide a summary and background regarding Police response so that staff can fully understand what is happening and why Police action may be required.

MISSION: This section is a very clear and concise statement as to the Police role.

EXECUTION: This section outlines how the mission will be achieved.

ADMINISTRATION AND LOGISTICS: This section outlines how the support functions will be carried out.

COMMAND AND SIGNALS: This section outlines the various command and control elements supporting the operation and how staff will communicate with each other and the commander/headquarters.

Question 20

What is the definition of an emergency?

Answer 20

Emergency means a situation that-

A. Is the result of any happening, whether natural or otherwise, including, without limitation, any explosion, tsunami, land movement, flood, storm, tornado, cyclone, serious fire, leakage or spillage of any dangerous gas or substance, technological failure, infestation, plague, epidemic, failure of or disruption to an emergency service or a lifeline utility, or actual or imminent attack or warlike act; and -

B. Causes or may cause loss of life or injury or illness or distress or in any way endangers the safety of the public or property in NZ or any part of NZ; and -

C. Cannot be dealt with by emergency services, or otherwise requires a significant and coordinated response under this Act

Question 21

Name the Act that gives various agencies the power to act in an emergency

Answer 21

The Civil Defence Emergency Act 2002

Question 22

What various sections give Police powers and list the titles

Answer 22

S86 - Evacuation of premises and places

S87 - Entry onto premises if RGTB to save life OR carry out any urgent measure for the relief of suffering or distress

S88 - Close roads if public emergency in place

S89 - Removal of aircraft, vessels, vehicles etc - if state of emergency is in force

S90 - Requisitioning powers: If SOE in place AND in opinion of IC or constable it is necessary for the preservation of human life - Must give a written statement specifying WHAT

S91 - Power to give directions

S92 - Power to carry out inspections

S93 - Provide ID