Comm101 Flashcards
Goals of Informative Speech
Enhance understanding and maintain interest
Reasoning
The process of drawing a conclusion from evidence
Evidence
Consists of the facts, examples, opinions, and statistics that a speaker uses to support a conclusion
Attitudes
Is a learned predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably toward something
Beliefs
Is what you understand to be true or false
Values
A value is an enduring concept of right and wrong and good and bad.
Persuasion
Is the process of changing or reinforcing attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior
Rhetoric
Is the process of discovering in any particular case the available means of persuasion
Ethos
Is used to persuade an effective communicator represents information that is credible
Logos
Literally means word. The term refers to the rational logic
Pathos
Used to refer to the use of appease to emotion
Use listener’s Needs (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)
The classical theory that outlines basic human needs. Hierarchy of needs motivates everyone’s behavior
Physical needs
The most basic needs of of all humans are physiological
Safety needs
We have need to feel safe, secure, and protected, and we need to be able to predict that our own and our loved ones needs for safety are met.
Social Needs
We all need to feel loved and valued
Self-Esteem Needs
The need for self-esteem reflects our desire to think well of ourselves
Self Actualization
This is the need to fully realize on’s highest potential
Positive Motivation
Comprised of Emphasize Positive Values and Emphasize Benefits, not just features
Emphasize Positive Values
Common values to determine what would e accrue to your listeners
Negative Motivation
If you don’t stop that I am going to tell mom. Persuasion technique of fear appeal
Emphasize Benefits, Not just Features
Benefit is a good result or something that creates a positive feeding for the listener (heart). Feature is simply a characteristic of whatever it is that you are talking about (brain). Heart always trumps brain
Eye Contact Effectively
Look early, look right at them, look at everybody, look everywhere, and look at individuals.
High-Content Cultures
The content of the message including nonverbal cues, tone of voice, posture, and facial expression is often more important than the words.
Low-Content Cultures
The words in a message are given more attention than the surrounding context.
Culture
Is a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by the group
Ethnicity
Is that portion of a person’s cultural background that related to a national or religious heritage.
Race
Is his or her biological heritage for example Caucasian, or Latino/Latina
Which term is less accurate? Race or Ethnicity?
Race is less accurate in attempting to describe a group of people than the term ethnicity
Demographic Audience Analysis
Analyzing an audience by examining demographic information so as to develop a clear and effective message.
Sexual Orientation
Being sensitive to others orientation and not saying slanderous terms. An audience centered speaker is sensitive to contemporary issues and attitudes related to sexual orientation.
Individualistic Cultures
Individualistic achievement is emphasized more than a group.
Collectivist Cultures
Group or team achievement is emphasized more than group achievement.
Analyzing Information About Your Audience
Learn your audiences backgrounds in three types: demographic psychological and situational.
Understanding your listening styles
There are four: people orientated listeners, action orientated listeners, content orientated listeners, time orientated listeners.
Listen With Your Eyes As Well as Your Ears
Looks for nonverbal cues to enhance understanding and adapts to the speakers delivery.
Listening Mindfully
Is aware of whether or not he or she is listening, controls emotions, and mentally asks what’s in it for me?
Receiver Apprehension
Is fear of misunderstanding or misinterpreting, or of not being able to adjust psychologically to, message spoken by others.
How to overcome Receiver Apprehension
Work harder to comprehend he information, use technology take accurate notes, raise awareness, be more redundant, use presentation aids.
Difference Between Speech Rate and Thought Rate
Difference gives you time to ignore a speaker periodically. You can enhance your. Listening by summarizing what the speaker is saying from time to time.
Prejudice
One way to describe hat the topic has little value for you before you even hear the message. When you prejudge a message your ability to understand it decreases.
Informative Overload
Way too much stats, numbers, facts, and not enough clarity and the audience losses interest from lack of processing so much information.
