comm final

Question 1

support

Answer 1

the material grounding of an argument

Question 2

analogies

Answer 2

are a type of support that makes an unfamiliar topic more accessible by comparing it with a more familiar

Question 3

testimony

Answer 3

type of support that draws on the knowledge and experience of others to sustain an argument

Question 4

lay testimony

Answer 4

attempts to represent the thoughts and feelings of everyday people on an issue

Question 5

major premise

Answer 5

the syllogism is a universal statement that makes a broad generalization

Question 6

minor premise

Answer 6

syllogism is a particular statement that establishes a related specific fact

Question 7

claim

Answer 7

the proposition that the problem seeks to establish
a statement that is typically without evidence

Question 8

warrant

Answer 8

justifies the link between the data and the claim using reasoning

Question 9

fallacy

Answer 9

refers to the flaw within the reasoning of an argument

Question 10

evidence

Answer 10

the available body of facts or information indicating if a belief is true or valid

Question 11

backing

Answer 11

an argument refers to the quality of either the reasoning or the validity of the data

Question 12

data

Answer 12

refers to the material support provided to substantiate a claim

Question 13

qualifier

Answer 13

specifies the force, scope, or level of certainty to the claim

Question 14

rebuttal

Answer 14

refers to the potential counterargument to a claim that must be taken into account

Question 15

how do logical fallacies hinder an argument

Answer 15

weakening the argument, distracting the audience, misleading, loss of credibility

Question 16

why are fallacies still persuasive

Answer 16

emotional appeal, biases, simplification etc

Question 17

ad hominem

Answer 17

attacks the person making the argument

Question 18

straw man

Answer 18

misrepresenting someone’s argument to make it easier to attack

Question 19

appeal to authority

Answer 19

relying on the opinion of someone with power instead of evidence

Question 20

appeal to emotion

Answer 20

manipulating emotions to win an argument

Question 21

false dilemma

Answer 21

presenting two extreme options as the only possibilities when more exist

Question 22

slippery slope

Answer 22

one small action can cause extreme consequences with no evidence

Question 23

circular reasoning

Answer 23

using the conclusion of an argument as one of its premises

Question 24

hasty generilization

Answer 24

drawing a broad conclusion from a small sample

Question 25

bandwagon

Answer 25

arguing that something is true since others believe it

Question 26

red herring

Answer 26

introducing an irrelevant topic to divert attention to original issue

Question 27

false cause

Answer 27

claiming a cause and effect without evidence

Question 28

either or

Answer 28

it can either be one thing or another

Question 29

facts and statistics

Answer 29

proven to be true or false based on evidence and statistics are numerical data that can help quantify information, trends, or relationships

Question 30

what is the purpose of ceremonial speaking?

Answer 30

to highlight a value and enhance important occasions

Question 31

what is a value and how is that used in ceremonial speaking?

Answer 31

-a deeply held belief or principle that guides behavior or decision, reflects what a person sees as important
-ceremonial speeches reflect a specific value meant to honor, reflect upon, or reinforce principles that are important to said occasion

Question 32

types of ceremonial speeches

Answer 32

eulogy
toast
roast
encomium
wedding toast
graduation

Question 33

manuscript delievery

Answer 33

reading a speech from a written manuscript, helps with clarity and accuracy

Question 34

how to properly use a manuscript

Answer 34

practice it, maintain eye contact, use a clear voice, and staying focused