Comm Exposure

Question 1

Name different types of air monitoring

Answer 1

• Continuous monitoring systems.
• Opacity measurements, which can be measured with an opacity meter or by estimated by certified smoke readers.
• Emissions estimates.

Question 2

Atmospheric composition

Answer 2

Nitrogen, 78%; Oxygen, 20.9%; Argon, .93%

Question 3

Collection Efficiency Equation

Answer 3

Efficiency = Mass Removed/Mass Entering X 100

Question 4

Decontamination

Answer 4

Decon team in same level or one step down as entry team. Must have back up team ready to assist entry team. Decon is several step process that includes removing gross contamination, rinsing and removing the rest of contaminant, removing protection clothing inside out.

Question 5

Emergency Response Planning

Answer 5

Coordination with local first responders. Provide them with location of hazardous materials, quantities of hazardous materials, properties of hazardous material. Conduct community planning of worst case scenario with affected neighborhoods.

Question 6

ERG

Answer 6

Emergency response guide book. Contains chemical UN number, chemical name, guidance on initial response, and recommended isolation distances for initial hazards.

Question 7

Evacuation Plans

Answer 7

Clearly defined exit routes. Central rally points away from danger. Accurate head count.

Question 8

Fire Response

Answer 8

Train personnel to respond to small fires. Fire brigades may be appropriate for some facilities. Environmental hazards should be considered.

Question 9

First Responder Awareness Level

Answer 9

Trained to initiate incident command system. Recognize hazards, protect self, notify authorities.

Question 10

First Responder Operations Level

Answer 10

8 hours of training. Provide initial defensive response to incident. Do not get directly involved in controlling the problem. Able to recognize hazards. Able to use defensive PPE. Understands basic decontamination methods.

Question 11

First Responder Technician Level

Answer 11

24 hours of training. Provides initial response to actively stop a spill applying patches and repairs to equipment. Recognizes hazards. Able to use PPE provided. Understands decontamination methods. Understands role in ICS. Understands basic chemical and toxicology terminology.

Question 12

General Planning Guidelines

Answer 12

Protect yourself, identify the hazard, secure the scene, obtain additional help/resources, follow through with safe site entry.

Question 13

Greenhouse Gases

Answer 13

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons (WONCC)

Question 14

Incident Command System

Answer 14

Incident commander, IC, in charge. Operations, planning, logistics, finance/administration are lateral and report to IC. Safety, information , and press liaison also report to IC.

Question 15

Incident Commander

Answer 15

At least equal to technician level training. Able to implement employer incident response system. Knows local emergency response plans. Understands risks of working in emergency response gear.

Question 16

Isokinetic Sampling

Answer 16

Sample stack air with pitot tubes at same air speed as particle. Most desirable way to sample air pollution. Important to measure at same speed as air.

Question 17

Looping Instability

Answer 17

When abiatic rate versus height separates and causes looping stream out of stack.

Question 18

Neutral Stability

Answer 18

When abiatic rate versus height is parallel and causes a cone like stream out of stack.

Question 19

Pitot Tube

Answer 19

Measure static pressure via holes on the side and total pressure at the front of tube.

Question 20

Pitot Tube Placement

Answer 20

7 duct diameters downstream of obstruction. 3 duct diameters upstream of obstruction. Use this to determine speed to match speed in isokinetic sampling.

Question 21

Pollution Sources

Answer 21

Natural, which include volcanoes, forest fires, and weather. Fuel and energy production, which includes power plants, automobiles, and industrial processes.

Question 22

Specialist Level

Answer 22

Same training as technician level. In depth knowledge of state response system. Able to develop health and safety plan. Able to use site survey instruments such as PIDs and FIDs. Understands chemical and toxicological terminology. Can select PPE.

Question 23

Stack

Answer 23

Earliest form of pollution control. Affected by meteorology.

Question 24

Surface Inversion

Answer 24

Crossing at abiatic rate versus height causes jet stream.

Question 25

Water Cleaning Devices

Answer 25

Filtration, pH balancing (6-9), clarifier, where flocculants help settle solids, causing them to aggregate. Used in waste water treatment.

Question 26

Water Pollution Sources

Answer 26

Storm water runoffs. Point sources. Everything flows from high point to low point.

Question 27

Temperature inversion

Answer 27

The phenomenon of temperature increasing as the altitude increases (then decreasing above inversion). Resists the vertical movement of air.

Question 28

Name natural sources of air pollution

Answer 28

Volcanoes, forest fire, weather

Question 29

Name anthropogenic sources of air pollution

Answer 29

Power plants, automobiles, industrial processes

Question 30

An EHS manager has contracted a stack tester to perform PM monitoring at a solid fuel burning power plant. The EHS manager needs to know what they are doing, so she quizzes them about isokinetic sampling. She asks: If the velocity of the sample is less than the velocity of flow through the stack, what would the sample show as a result?

Answer 30

Oversample

Question 31

An EHS manager has contracted a stack tester to perform PM monitoring at a solid fuel burning power plant. The EHS manager needs to know what they are doing, so she quizzes them about isokinetic sampling. She asks: If the velocity of the sample is greater than the velocity of flow through the stack, what would the sample show as a result?

Answer 31

Under sample

Question 32

Stack height

Answer 32

Actual height of stack plus additional plume rise

Question 33

Temperature inversion

Answer 33

The phenomenon of temperature increasing as the altitude increases (then decreasing above inversion). Resists vertical movement of air.