Comm Exposure Flashcards
Name different types of air monitoring
- Continuous monitoring systems.
- Opacity measurements, which can be measured with an opacity meter or by estimated by certified smoke readers.
- Emissions estimates.
Atmospheric composition
Nitrogen, 78%; Oxygen, 20.9%; Argon, .93%
Collection Efficiency Equation
Efficiency = Mass Removed/Mass Entering X 100
Decontamination
Decon team in same level or one step down as entry team. Must have back up team ready to assist entry team. Decon is several step process that includes removing gross contamination, rinsing and removing the rest of contaminant, removing protection clothing inside out.
Emergency Response Planning
Coordination with local first responders. Provide them with location of hazardous materials, quantities of hazardous materials, properties of hazardous material. Conduct community planning of worst case scenario with affected neighborhoods.
ERG
Emergency response guide book. Contains chemical UN number, chemical name, guidance on initial response, and recommended isolation distances for initial hazards.
Evacuation Plans
Clearly defined exit routes. Central rally points away from danger. Accurate head count.
Fire Response
Train personnel to respond to small fires. Fire brigades may be appropriate for some facilities. Environmental hazards should be considered.
First Responder Awareness Level
Trained to initiate incident command system. Recognize hazards, protect self, notify authorities.
First Responder Operations Level
8 hours of training. Provide initial defensive response to incident. Do not get directly involved in controlling the problem. Able to recognize hazards. Able to use defensive PPE. Understands basic decontamination methods.
First Responder Technician Level
24 hours of training. Provides initial response to actively stop a spill applying patches and repairs to equipment. Recognizes hazards. Able to use PPE provided. Understands decontamination methods. Understands role in ICS. Understands basic chemical and toxicology terminology.
General Planning Guidelines
Protect yourself, identify the hazard, secure the scene, obtain additional help/resources, follow through with safe site entry.
Greenhouse Gases
Water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons (WONCC)
Incident Command System
Incident commander, IC, in charge. Operations, planning, logistics, finance/administration are lateral and report to IC. Safety, information , and press liaison also report to IC.
Incident Commander
At least equal to technician level training. Able to implement employer incident response system. Knows local emergency response plans. Understands risks of working in emergency response gear.
Isokinetic Sampling
Sample stack air with pitot tubes at same air speed as particle. Most desirable way to sample air pollution. Important to measure at same speed as air.
Looping Instability
When abiatic rate versus height separates and causes looping stream out of stack.
Neutral Stability
When abiatic rate versus height is parallel and causes a cone like stream out of stack.
Pitot Tube
Measure static pressure via holes on the side and total pressure at the front of tube.
Pitot Tube Placement
7 duct diameters downstream of obstruction. 3 duct diameters upstream of obstruction. Use this to determine speed to match speed in isokinetic sampling.
Pollution Sources
Natural, which include volcanoes, forest fires, and weather. Fuel and energy production, which includes power plants, automobiles, and industrial processes.
Specialist Level
Same training as technician level. In depth knowledge of state response system. Able to develop health and safety plan. Able to use site survey instruments such as PIDs and FIDs. Understands chemical and toxicological terminology. Can select PPE.
Stack
Earliest form of pollution control. Affected by meteorology.
Surface Inversion
Crossing at abiatic rate versus height causes jet stream.
Water Cleaning Devices
Filtration, pH balancing (6-9), clarifier, where flocculants help settle solids, causing them to aggregate. Used in waste water treatment.
Water Pollution Sources
Storm water runoffs. Point sources. Everything flows from high point to low point.
Temperature inversion
The phenomenon of temperature increasing as the altitude increases (then decreasing above inversion). Resists the vertical movement of air.
Name natural sources of air pollution
Volcanoes, forest fire, weather
Name anthropogenic sources of air pollution
Power plants, automobiles, industrial processes
An EHS manager has contracted a stack tester to perform PM monitoring at a solid fuel burning power plant. The EHS manager needs to know what they are doing, so she quizzes them about isokinetic sampling. She asks: If the velocity of the sample is less than the velocity of flow through the stack, what would the sample show as a result?
Oversample
An EHS manager has contracted a stack tester to perform PM monitoring at a solid fuel burning power plant. The EHS manager needs to know what they are doing, so she quizzes them about isokinetic sampling. She asks: If the velocity of the sample is greater than the velocity of flow through the stack, what would the sample show as a result?
Under sample
Stack height
Actual height of stack plus additional plume rise
Temperature inversion
The phenomenon of temperature increasing as the altitude increases (then decreasing above inversion). Resists vertical movement of air.
