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Comm 105 > Comm 105 Final > Flashcards

Comm 105 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Personal Relationship

A

An irreplaceable relationship defined by uniqueness, rules, relationship dialectics, and commitment.

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2
Q

Social Relationship

A

A replaceable relationship that tends to follow broad social scripts and rules

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3
Q

Constitutive Rules

A

Communication rules that specify how certain communicative acts are to be interpreted

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4
Q

Regulative Rules

A

Communication rules that regulate interaction by specifying when, how, where, and with whom to talk about certain things

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5
Q

Relationship Dialectics

A

The tensions between opposing forces or tendencies that are normal parts of all relationships

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6
Q

Autonomy

A

Dialectic that involves a desire for independence and to be separate from one another

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7
Q

Connection

A

Dialectic that involves a desire for closeness to one another

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8
Q

Novelty

A

Dialectic that involves a desire for spontaneity and unpredicatbility

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9
Q

Predictability

A

Dialectic that involves a desire for routine and familiar experiences

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10
Q

Openness

A

Dialectic that involves a desire to share private thoughts, feelings, and experiences with one another

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11
Q

Closedness

A

Dialectic that involves a desire for privacy

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12
Q

Neutralization

A

Balancing or finding a compromise between two dialectical differences

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13
Q

Separation

A

Addresses one dialectic need and ignores the other need

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14
Q

Segmentation

A

Assigning different dialectics to be used in certain situations

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15
Q

Reframing

A

Reinterprets opposite dialectics to not be in contradiction to one another

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16
Q

Relational Equity Theory

A

A theory that people are happier when partners believe that the benefits and the costs of the relationship are equal for both members

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17
Q

Psychological Responsibility

A

An obligation to remember, plan, and coordinate domestic work and child care

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18
Q

Communication Climate

A

The overall feeling, or emotional mood, between people

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19
Q

Confirmation

A

Expressed value for other people

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20
Q

Recognition

A

Expression of awareness of another person’s existence

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21
Q

Acknowledgment

A

Attentiveness to what another person feels, thinks, and/or says

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22
Q

Endorsement

A

Communicating acceptance of another person’s thoughts or feelings

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23
Q

Defensive Climate

A

Relational climate in which one or more people become defensive or have a lack of communication due to lack of respect or power

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24
Q

Supportive Climate

A

Relational climate in which all members can speak freely because of all-around respect and equality

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25
Q

Evaluation

A

Evaluating how others feel without empathy. Defensive

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26
Q

Description

A

Describes behaviors without passing judgment. Supportive

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27
Q

Certainty

A

Suggesting only one valid answer, point of view, or course of action. Defensive

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28
Q

Provisionalism

A

Tentative language that allows openness to other points of view. Supportive

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29
Q

Strategy

A

Communication aimed at manipulating a person or group for some benefit. Defensive

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30
Q

Spontaneity

A

Asking for a favor in an open, honest, respectful way while not being manipulative. Supportive

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31
Q

Control

A

Disrespectful communication that attempts to coerce others. Defensive

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32
Q

Problem-Orientation

A

Respectfully fostering an open interaction climate to reduce conflict. Supportive

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33
Q

Neutrality

A

Implies indifference to others and what they say. Defensive

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34
Q

Empathy

A

Confirms the worth of others and shows concern for their thought and feelings. Supportive

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35
Q

Superiority

A

Holding power over another to belittle them. Defensive

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36
Q

Equality

A

Facilitating a fair and level environment that supports everyone’s thoughts and beliefs. Supportive

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37
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

The tendency to assume one way of life is normal and superior to other ways of life

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38
Q

Overt Conflict

A

People express indifferences in a straightforward manner to address a conflict

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39
Q

Covert Conflict

A

People avoid direct confrontation of a conflict

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40
Q

Conflict Orientation

A

Ways in which to view conflict, three types

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41
Q

Lose-Lose Orientation

A

Assuming everyone loses when conflict occurs

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42
Q

Lose-Win Orientation

A

Assuming one person wins and the other(s) loses when conflict occurs

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43
Q

Win-Win Orientation

A

Assuming everyone will gain something from the conflict

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44
Q

Conflict Responses

A

Ways in which to respond to conflict

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45
Q

Exit

A

Leaving the conflict physically or psychologically (Active/Destructive)

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46
Q

Neglect

A

Denying or minimizing the conflict (Passive/Destructive)

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47
Q

Voice

A

Focuses on directly dealing with conflicts and manages indifferences. Potentially most constructive response (Active/Constructive)

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48
Q

Loyalty

A

Staying committed to a relationship despite differences (Passive/Constructive)

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49
Q

Aggressive Language

A

Demanding and selfish confrontational language

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50
Q

Assertive Language

A

Respectful confrontational language. Can be firm and unapologetic

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51
Q

Deferential Language

A

Confrontational language that disrespects your own feelings and not the needs others

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52
Q

Culture (Wood Definition)

A

“The beliefs, understandings, practices, and ways of interpreting experience that is shared by a group of people,” (Wood 153).

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53
Q

Surface-Level View of Culture

A

Patterns and behaviors viewable in a culture

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54
Q

Deep-Level View of Culture

A

Assumptions which govern surface-level behaviors

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55
Q

Social Community

A

A group of people who live within a dominant culture yet also belong to another social group(s) that share values, understandings, and practices distinct of those of the dominant culture

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56
Q

Intersectionality

A

Looking how different systems of inequality may influence each other

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57
Q

Uncertainty Reduction Theory

A

The theory that people find uncertainty uncomfortable which motivates people to use communication to reduce uncertainty

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58
Q

Assimilation

A

Giving up of one’s native ways to take on the ways of another culture

59
Q

Bounded ethicality

A

Hypocritical ethics

60
Q

Believers vs Builders

A

Passive/Active embrace of diversity and inclusion

61
Q

Growth Mindset

A

A belief that all situations give opportunity to allow for growth and positive change

62
Q

Project Teams

A

A group consisting of people who combine their knowledge and skills to accomplish a common goal

63
Q

Focus Groups

A

Groups that are tasked in finding out what people think about a specific idea, product, issue, or person

64
Q

Brainstorming Groups

A

Groups with a goal to generate ideas

65
Q

Advisory Groups

A

Groups that allow decision makers to benefit from other experts’ information and advice pertinent to developing effective policies and making informed decisions; groups that give advice

66
Q

Quality Improvement Teams

A

Groups that include three or more people who have distinct skills or knowledge and who work together to improve quality in an organization

67
Q

Decision-Making Groups

A

Groups that make decisions

68
Q

Social Loafing

A

Exists when members of a group exert less effort than they would if they worked alone

69
Q

Power-To

A

The ability to empower others to reach their goals

70
Q

Power-Over

A

The ability to use power to help or harm others

71
Q

Hierarchy

A

Arrangement at different levels: above, below, equal

72
Q

Corporate Stories

A

Stories that are spoken around a corporation to reinforce values and connection

73
Q

Personal Stories

A

Stories that explain how people view themselves and how they want other people to view them

74
Q

Collegial Stories

A

Stories that describe other people in the organization

75
Q

Self Affirmation

A

Not boasting or self-aggrandizement, less dependent on the approval of others

76
Q

Roles

A

Responsibilities and behaviors expected of people because of their specific positions in an organziation

77
Q

Mass Media

A

Forms of communication that address large audiences or publics (i.e. books, films, advertising, etc.)

78
Q

Media

A

Ways in which to communicate. (i.e. personal emails, texts, phone calls, etc.)

79
Q

Marshall McLuhan’s Quote

A

“The medium is the message”– the form in which we communicate is more important than the actual message

80
Q

Global Village

A

Modern day world-wide community made possible by electronic communication that instantaneously links people all over the world

81
Q

Usage and Gratification Theory

A

Theory that claims people use mass communication to gratify their interests and desires

82
Q

Agenda Setting

A

Media’s selection of issues, events, and people to highlight for attention

83
Q

Gatekeeper

A

A person or group that controls the choice of presentation topics by media

84
Q

Cultivation of Worldviews

A

A cumulative process by which the media fosters beliefs about social reality, including the belief that the world is more dangerous and violent than it is

85
Q

Mainstreaming

A

The effect of television in stabilizing and homogenizing views within society

86
Q

Desirability and Normalcy

A

How media defines what is desirable and “normal” in a society, often through representation

87
Q

Logical Fallacies

A

A mistaken belief, argument, or action, typically in debates

88
Q

Ad Hominem Attack

A

An attack on character rather than argument

89
Q

Inconsistency Ad Hominem

A

A belief that since a person acts contrary to their own argument, their argument must be false

90
Q

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

A

After this, therefore this; falsely assumes cause and effect

91
Q

Bandwagon Appeal

A

Appealing to the majority for no other sake

92
Q

Slippery Slope

A

If this, then that, then catastrophe

93
Q

Hasty Generalization

A

Makes a claim applying to a large group of people based on a small sample; stereotype

94
Q

False Dichotomy (Either-Or)

A

Belief there is only two options. All or nothing

95
Q

Red Herring Argument

A

Refocuses attention to another topic

96
Q

Reliance on the Halo Effect

A

Cognitive bias in which our overall impression of a person influences how we feel and think about their character

97
Q

Content vs Relationship level meaning

A

Literal information in a message / Message expresses the relationship between communicators

98
Q

Noise

A

Anything that interferes with communication. Can be audible, physical, psychological

99
Q

Perception

A

The active process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, objects, situations, events, and activities

100
Q

Cognitive Schemata

A

Mental structures people use to organize and interpret an experience

101
Q

Prototype Schemata

A

A knowledge structure that defines the clearest or most representative example of some category

102
Q

Personal Construct

A

A bipolar mental judgement of people and situations

103
Q

Stereotype

A

A predictive generalization about a person or situation

104
Q

Script

A

Defines expected or appropriate sequences of action in particular settings

105
Q

Person-Centeredness

A

The ability to perceive another as a unique and distinct individual apart from social roles and generalization

106
Q

Arbitrary Language

A

The verbal symbols in language are not intrinsically connected to what they represent

107
Q

Ambiguous Language

A

Symbols and words that are subject to multiple meanings depending on context

108
Q

Static Evaluation

A

“Blanket statement”, generalizing judgements. Keywords: always, never, etc.

109
Q

Qualifying Language

A

Judgment in a specific instance

110
Q

I-Language

A

Language that identifies the speaker’s or perceiver’s thought and feelings

111
Q

You-Language

A

Language that attributes intentions and motives to another person

112
Q

Kinesics

A

Nonverbal communication through body position and movements

113
Q

Haptics

A

Nonverbal communication involving physical touch

114
Q

Artifacts

A

Personal objects used to identify oneself

115
Q

Proxemics

A

Nonverbal communication relating to space and how one uses it

116
Q

Chronemics

A

Nonverbal communication involving how we perceive and use time to define identities and interaction

117
Q

Paralanguage

A

Communication that is vocal but not verbal. Includes accents, volume, pitch, grunts

118
Q

Silence

A

Nonverbal communication that involves the lack of sound

119
Q

Hearing vs Listening

A

Physiological activity that occurs when sound waves hit functioning ear drums / The process of receiving, constructing meaning from messages

120
Q

Mindfulness

A

Being fully present in the moment, the first step of listening

121
Q

Pseudolistening

A

Pretending to listen

122
Q

Monopolizing

A

Continuously focusing communication on oneself

123
Q

Selective Listening

A

Focusing only on particular parts of communication

124
Q

Defensive Listening

A

Perceiving a personal attack, criticism, or hostile undertone in communication when none is intended

125
Q

Ambushing

A

Listening carefully to a speaker in order to attack them

126
Q

Literal Listening

A

Listening to only the content level meaning and ignoring the relationship level meaning

127
Q

Generalized Other

A

The perspective that represents one’s perception of the rules, roles, and attitudes are endorsed by one’s group or community

128
Q

Particular Others

A

Specific people who are significant to the self and who influence the self’s values, perspectives, and esteem

129
Q

Life Scripts

A

Guides to action based on rules for living and identity

130
Q

Direct Definition

A

Communication that tells us who we are by explicitly labelling us and reacting to our behaviors

131
Q

Initial Credibility

A

The expertise and trustworthiness listeners attribute to a speaker before a presentation begins

132
Q

Derived Credibility

A

The expertise and trustworthiness listeners attribute to a speaker during a presentation

133
Q

Terminal Credibility

A

The cumulative combination of initial and derived credibility

134
Q

Self-Awareness

A

The ability to recognize and understand own moods, emotions, drives, and their effects on others (Emotional Intelligence)

135
Q

Self-Regulation

A

Taking control of self emotions and impulses (Emotional Intelligence)

136
Q

Motivation

A

A drive to succeed and encourage others (Emotional Intelligence)

137
Q

Empathy (Emotional Intelligence)

A

Thoughtfully considering others’ emotions (Emotional Intelligence)

138
Q

Social Skill

A

Friendliness with a purpose, extremely outgoing (Emotional Intelligence)

139
Q

Ethos

A

Speaker credibility

140
Q

Pathos

A

Emotional appeal

141
Q

Logos

A

Logical Appeal

142
Q

Qualitative Research

A

Interpretive techniques, including textual analysis, and ethnography, are used to understand the character of experience, and how people perceive and make sense of communication

143
Q

Quantitative Research

A

Techniques to gather and analyze numerical, quantifiable data

Comm 105 (2 decks)

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