COMM 100 final

Question 1

Demographics

Answer 1

Characteristics of a population
Race, ethnicity, age, sex, income
Heterogeneous/Homogeneous: different vs. alike

Question 2

Intercultural Communication

Answer 2

occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different

Question 3

Cultural definition

Answer 3

learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people

Question 4

Border dwellers

Answer 4

Live between different cultural groups
Experience contrasting cultural patterns
Sometimes deemed not ___ enough by both/all groups they identify with

Question 5

culture shock

Answer 5

Short-term disorientation and discomfort
Lack of familiarity with the environment

Question 6

U-curve theory

Answer 6

Excitement/anticipation → shock/disorientation → adjustment
Ex: feeling stupid is common
W-curve theory when returning home (reverse culture shock)
Ex: Friends/family expectations back home?
Cultural Values

Question 7

Cultural values

Answer 7

individualism and collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity and femininity

Question 8

How malagasy experience time spatially

Answer 8

face past rather then future

Question 9

event related time concept

Answer 9

Event related time
When something isn’t happening there is “no time”
A point rather than a rhythm or road
The point represents an event
Actions and their relations to others are organized from the experience of the event

Question 10

linear time concept

Answer 10

Western culture (how we perceive time)
Walking into the future
Time can be saved, spent, wasted, lost, made up, accelerated, slowed down
Planning into the future has promoted the intention of clocks, calendars, and computers
Time is linear and segmented like a road or ribbon moving forward into the future or backward into the past

Question 11

cyclic time concept

Answer 11

The passage of solar and lunar sequences appears to have led to this perception
Sunrise and sunset
Rhythm of people or animals during the seasons of the year gives the idea that time consists of ever repeated cycles revolving in an endless rhythm

Question 12

Hall research findings

Answer 12

-30 hours of interaction to become casual friends
-50 hours to become friends
140+ hour to become good friends
-300 hours to become best friends

Question 13

Uncertainty reduction theory

Answer 13

“Relationship development is facilitated or derailed by participants efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other”
Safe, desirable, interesting vs. dangerous, undesirable, boring

Question 14

Social exchange theory

Answer 14

theory that explains the development and longevity of relationships as a result of individuals ability to maximize the rewards and minimize the costs of their relationships

Question 15

Knapp’s stages of romantic relational development

Answer 15

initiating, experimenting, intensifying, bonding, differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating

Question 16

Small group communication

Answer 16

Communication among a small number of people who share a common purpose or goal, who feel connected to each other, and who coordinate their behavior
3-7 (more can lead to anonymity and sidebars)
Working toward clear goal
Group identity and interdependence

Question 17

pros and cons of group work

Answer 17

Pros
Stimulates creativity and hard work compared to individual work
Enhances critical thinking and decision- making
Cons
Time consuming
Can prioritize too much closeness and agreement
Can silence and alienate divergent opinions

Question 18

Task roles

Answer 18

roles that are directly related to the accomplishment of group goals: inivator-contributer, information seeker, opion seeker, information giver, opinion giver, elaborator, coordinator, orienter, evaluator-critic, energizer, procedural technician, recorder

Question 19

Dewey sequence of problem solving

Answer 19

Define and delineate the problem
All members understand the problem in the same way
Analyze the problem
Analyze all sides/ angles of the problem
“Who is affected? What is and isn’t part of the problem?”
Identify alternative solutions
Don’t rush
Brainstorm- generate many ideas without critique
Balance feasibility and creativity
Evaluate proposed solutions
Establish evaluation criteria
Apply criteria to ideas from step 3
Choose the best solution

Question 20

Groupthink

Answer 20

Groupthink

Question 21

relational roles

Answer 21

help establish a groups social structure: follower, harmonizer, group observer, standard setter, expediter, gatekeeper, compromiser, encourager

Question 22

Assimilation

Answer 22

The communicative, behavioral, and cognitive processes that influence individuals to join, identify with, become integrated, and (occasionally) exit an organization

Question 23

Organization

Answer 23

Consider the organization of a college classroom… Communication scholars argue that it is in the process of interacting as student and teacher- giving and listening to lectures, taking and grading exams- that the meaning of these abstract roles becomes real. In this view, then communication is the process that calls organizations into being. Thus, communication scholars argue that communication constitutes organizations

Question 24

Organizational culture

Answer 24

The set of interactions that member of purposeful groups use to accomplish their individual and collective goals

Question 25

Emotion labor

Answer 25

Surface acting
Have to express an emotion without feeling it
Deep acting
Working to actually feel the required emotion
Burnout
Daily stress piles up ro make you chronically cynical, exhausted, and ineffective

Question 26

work-life conflict/ balance

Answer 26

Work->life->work->life->etc
Demands of personal life affect work
Do you talk about personal life at work?
Do you connect with coworkers on social media
Demands of work affect personal life
Homelessness effects
Modern technology effects

Question 27

Rhetoric definition

Answer 27

Communication that is use to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others; the art of persuasion

Question 28

basic functions of rhetoric

Answer 28

Democracy and Politics
Seeking justice (courtroom and social justice)
Clary your own beliefs and actions
Understanding various viewpoints (of people, orgs, institutions)
Improve your public communication and interpretation of others’ public communication
Becoming a rhetorical critic capable of informed analysis

Question 29

ethos

Answer 29

Character and credibility
Family background, credentials, reputation, accomplishments, etc
Social position- location in social hierarchy based on social structure

Question 30

pathos

Answer 30

Use of emotions to affect audience
Fear, sadness, guilt, joy, excitement, anger, etc. motivate

Question 31

logos

Answer 31

Rational appeals, reason, logic, facts
Construction of arguments to lead audience to an intended conclusion

Question 32

mass media definition

Answer 32

mediated communication intended for large audiences

Question 33

culture industries

Answer 33

Big organizations/ businesses in mass communication
Produce, distribute, host cultural products (e.g. movies, podcasts, tv shows, video games, magazines, music, etc.)

Question 34

Active agents

Answer 34

We seek out some media and resist other media
Reality tv?
News media?
Sports and sports news?
Music genres?

Question 35

selective exposure

Answer 35

We seek and interpret media to confirm our beliefs and avoid and resist media that challenge our beliefs

Question 36

agenda-setting capacity

Answer 36

setting capacity is the ability of the news to be able to change the perception of the public. This can be done in many different ways but the example highlighted in this section mentions how the amount of coverage something receives might boost how much of an issue it is seen as.

Question 37

cultivation theory

Answer 37

is a concept in media studies that posits long-term exposure to media content shapes individuals’ perceptions of reality. It suggests that heavy viewers of media, particularly television, may come to believe the distorted portrayals of society presented therein, leading to an alignment of their attitudes and beliefs with those depicted in the media.

Question 38

interactive media

Answer 38

Relies on technology
Digital and often mobile
require/ foster interaction

Question 39

social media

Answer 39

group of internet-based applications that allow the creation and exchange of user generated content

Question 40

echo-chamber syndrome

Answer 40

effect occurs online when a harmonious group of people amalgamate and develop tunnel vision. Participants in online discussions may find their opinions constantly echoed back to them, which reinforces their individual belief systems due to the declining exposure to other’s opinions.

Question 41

Media richness theory

Answer 41

Describes the potential information-carrying capacity of a communication medium

Question 42

uses and gratifications

Answer 42

We use messages and find gratifications in some media messages and not others
We choose media based on our goals and needs/ preferences
Spreadability
How easy content can spread on social media
Online communities often provide space and community not available to people in-person-why/how/when?

Question 43

collapsing contexts

Answer 43

You don’t who is viewing our posts
How do you and don’t you have control over this

Question 44

digital divide

Answer 44

Inequality of access between the technology ‘haves’ and ‘have nots