COMM 100 final Flashcards
Demographics
Characteristics of a population
Race, ethnicity, age, sex, income
Heterogeneous/Homogeneous: different vs. alike
Intercultural Communication
occurs in interactions between people who are culturally different
Cultural definition
learned patterns of perceptions, values, and behaviors shared by a group of people
Border dwellers
Live between different cultural groups
Experience contrasting cultural patterns
Sometimes deemed not ___ enough by both/all groups they identify with
culture shock
Short-term disorientation and discomfort
Lack of familiarity with the environment
U-curve theory
Excitement/anticipation → shock/disorientation → adjustment
Ex: feeling stupid is common
W-curve theory when returning home (reverse culture shock)
Ex: Friends/family expectations back home?
Cultural Values
Cultural values
individualism and collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity and femininity
How malagasy experience time spatially
face past rather then future
event related time concept
Event related time
When something isn’t happening there is “no time”
A point rather than a rhythm or road
The point represents an event
Actions and their relations to others are organized from the experience of the event
linear time concept
Western culture (how we perceive time)
Walking into the future
Time can be saved, spent, wasted, lost, made up, accelerated, slowed down
Planning into the future has promoted the intention of clocks, calendars, and computers
Time is linear and segmented like a road or ribbon moving forward into the future or backward into the past
cyclic time concept
The passage of solar and lunar sequences appears to have led to this perception
Sunrise and sunset
Rhythm of people or animals during the seasons of the year gives the idea that time consists of ever repeated cycles revolving in an endless rhythm
Hall research findings
-30 hours of interaction to become casual friends
-50 hours to become friends
140+ hour to become good friends
-300 hours to become best friends
Uncertainty reduction theory
“Relationship development is facilitated or derailed by participants efforts to reduce their uncertainty about each other”
Safe, desirable, interesting vs. dangerous, undesirable, boring
Social exchange theory
theory that explains the development and longevity of relationships as a result of individuals ability to maximize the rewards and minimize the costs of their relationships
Knapp’s stages of romantic relational development
initiating, experimenting, intensifying, bonding, differentiating, circumscribing, stagnating, avoiding, terminating
Small group communication
Communication among a small number of people who share a common purpose or goal, who feel connected to each other, and who coordinate their behavior
3-7 (more can lead to anonymity and sidebars)
Working toward clear goal
Group identity and interdependence
pros and cons of group work
Pros
Stimulates creativity and hard work compared to individual work
Enhances critical thinking and decision- making
Cons
Time consuming
Can prioritize too much closeness and agreement
Can silence and alienate divergent opinions
Task roles
roles that are directly related to the accomplishment of group goals: inivator-contributer, information seeker, opion seeker, information giver, opinion giver, elaborator, coordinator, orienter, evaluator-critic, energizer, procedural technician, recorder
Dewey sequence of problem solving
Define and delineate the problem
All members understand the problem in the same way
Analyze the problem
Analyze all sides/ angles of the problem
“Who is affected? What is and isn’t part of the problem?”
Identify alternative solutions
Don’t rush
Brainstorm- generate many ideas without critique
Balance feasibility and creativity
Evaluate proposed solutions
Establish evaluation criteria
Apply criteria to ideas from step 3
Choose the best solution
Groupthink
Groupthink
relational roles
help establish a groups social structure: follower, harmonizer, group observer, standard setter, expediter, gatekeeper, compromiser, encourager
Assimilation
The communicative, behavioral, and cognitive processes that influence individuals to join, identify with, become integrated, and (occasionally) exit an organization
Organization
Consider the organization of a college classroom… Communication scholars argue that it is in the process of interacting as student and teacher- giving and listening to lectures, taking and grading exams- that the meaning of these abstract roles becomes real. In this view, then communication is the process that calls organizations into being. Thus, communication scholars argue that communication constitutes organizations
Organizational culture
The set of interactions that member of purposeful groups use to accomplish their individual and collective goals
Emotion labor
Surface acting
Have to express an emotion without feeling it
Deep acting
Working to actually feel the required emotion
Burnout
Daily stress piles up ro make you chronically cynical, exhausted, and ineffective
work-life conflict/ balance
Work->life->work->life->etc
Demands of personal life affect work
Do you talk about personal life at work?
Do you connect with coworkers on social media
Demands of work affect personal life
Homelessness effects
Modern technology effects
Rhetoric definition
Communication that is use to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others; the art of persuasion
basic functions of rhetoric
Democracy and Politics
Seeking justice (courtroom and social justice)
Clary your own beliefs and actions
Understanding various viewpoints (of people, orgs, institutions)
Improve your public communication and interpretation of others’ public communication
Becoming a rhetorical critic capable of informed analysis
ethos
Character and credibility
Family background, credentials, reputation, accomplishments, etc
Social position- location in social hierarchy based on social structure
pathos
Use of emotions to affect audience
Fear, sadness, guilt, joy, excitement, anger, etc. motivate
logos
Rational appeals, reason, logic, facts
Construction of arguments to lead audience to an intended conclusion
mass media definition
mediated communication intended for large audiences
culture industries
Big organizations/ businesses in mass communication
Produce, distribute, host cultural products (e.g. movies, podcasts, tv shows, video games, magazines, music, etc.)
Active agents
We seek out some media and resist other media
Reality tv?
News media?
Sports and sports news?
Music genres?
selective exposure
We seek and interpret media to confirm our beliefs and avoid and resist media that challenge our beliefs
agenda-setting capacity
setting capacity is the ability of the news to be able to change the perception of the public. This can be done in many different ways but the example highlighted in this section mentions how the amount of coverage something receives might boost how much of an issue it is seen as.
cultivation theory
is a concept in media studies that posits long-term exposure to media content shapes individuals’ perceptions of reality. It suggests that heavy viewers of media, particularly television, may come to believe the distorted portrayals of society presented therein, leading to an alignment of their attitudes and beliefs with those depicted in the media.
interactive media
Relies on technology
Digital and often mobile
require/ foster interaction
social media
group of internet-based applications that allow the creation and exchange of user generated content
echo-chamber syndrome
effect occurs online when a harmonious group of people amalgamate and develop tunnel vision. Participants in online discussions may find their opinions constantly echoed back to them, which reinforces their individual belief systems due to the declining exposure to other’s opinions.
Media richness theory
Describes the potential information-carrying capacity of a communication medium
uses and gratifications
We use messages and find gratifications in some media messages and not others
We choose media based on our goals and needs/ preferences
Spreadability
How easy content can spread on social media
Online communities often provide space and community not available to people in-person-why/how/when?
collapsing contexts
You don’t who is viewing our posts
How do you and don’t you have control over this
digital divide
Inequality of access between the technology ‘haves’ and ‘have nots
