Combined SOA Architect Modules Flashcards
What are the strategic goals of Service-Oriented Computing?
Increased Intrinsic Interoperability Increased Federation Increased Vendor Diversity Options Increased Business and Technology Alignment Increased ROI Increased Organizational Agility Reduced IT Burden
What are the principles of Service-Orientation?
Standardized Service Contract Service Loose Coupling Service Abstraction Service Reusability Service Autonomy Service Statelessness Service Discoverability Service Composability
What are 3 common SOA project delivery approaches?
Top-down
Bottom-up
Agile (meet in the middle)
________________ represents the ability of software programs to interact and exchange data and ___________ represents the effort required to achieve interoperability between software programs.
INTEROPERABILITY represents the ability of software programs to interact and exchange data and INTEGRATION represents the effort required to achieve interoperability between software programs.
A service composition has at least ___ service(s)
A service composition has at least TWO services.
______________ design is important to SOA because it forces you to establish standardized service contracts prior to the development of the underlying service logic.
CONTRACT FIRST design is important to SOA because it forces you to establish standardized service contracts prior to the development of the underlying service logic.
_________________ is the part of the analysis phase during which services and tehir capabilities are conceptualized prior to their actual physical definition and development. Conceptualized services are called __________________.
SERVICE MODELLING is the part of the analysis phase during which services and tehir capabilities are conceptualized prior to their actual physical definition and development. Conceptualized services are called SERVICE CANDIDATES.
The term “service” is synonymous with the term “Web service”. (T/F)
False
A service inventory is considered to have __________ services when service boundaries within a service inventory do not overlap with each other.
A service inventory is considered to have NORMALIZED services when service boundaries within a service inventory do not overlap with each other.
What are the three current technologies that can be used to build services?
Components
Web services (or SOAP-based Web services)
REST services
What are the characteristics of service-oriented architecture?
Business-driven
Vendor-neutral
Enterprise-centric
Composition-centric
Solution logic designed in accordance with ___________________ can be qualified with service-oriented and units of service-oriented solution logic are referred to as ________.
Solution logic designed in accordance with SERVICE-ORIENTATION can be qualified with service-oriented and units of service-oriented solution logic are referred to as SERVICES.
Each service is assigned its own distinct __________________ and is comprised of a set of functions related to this context. These functions are referred to as ____________________ until it is known how a service will be built.
Each service is assigned its own distinct FUNCTIONAL CONTEXT and is comprised of a set of functions related to this context. These functions are referred to as SERVICE CAPABILITIES until it is known how a service will be built.
What are four common types of service-oriented architecture?
Service Architecture
Service Composition Architecture
Service Inventory Architecture
Service-Oriented Enterprise Architecture
A ________________ is a temporary runtime role assumed by a program at the time it is engaging a service in a data exchange.
A SERVICE CONSUMER is a temporary runtime role assumed by a program at the time it is engaging a service in a data exchange.
A _________________ is an independently standardized and governed collection of compliemntary services within a boundary that represents an enterprise or a meaningful segment of and enterprise. An organization can have multiple ___________________.
A SERVICE INVENTORY is an independently standardized and governed collection of compliemntary services within a boundary that represents an enterprise or a meaningful segment of and enterprise. An organization can have multiple DOMAIN SERVICE INVENTORIES
A service-oriented solution is always built as a service composition. (T/F)
False
XML is an example of an _________ standard whereas services often need to be designed to comply to _______ standards.
XML is an example of an INDUSTRY standard whereas services often need to be designed to comply to DESIGN standards.
The following statements accurately describe the strategic benefit of Increased Federation: A target state whereby standardized service contracts have been established to express a consistent and unified service endpoint layer. (T/F)
True
One IT enterprise can have multiple service inventories. (T/F)
True
WIthin a service inventory, servies are classified using ___________ and organized into logical ____________.
WIthin a service inventory, servies are classified using SERVICE MODELS and organized into logical SERVICE LAYERS.
The following are strategic goals of service-oriented computing: Increased Intrinsic Operability, Increased Federation and Increased Organizational Agility. (T/F)
True
Define the difference between Strategic and Tactical.
Strategic goals are for long term benefit. Tactical goals are focused on fulfilling immediate needs in the short term.
Describe why service-oriented computing has an emphasis on strategic (long-term) benefits)
Service-oriented computing has an emphasis on strategic benefits because in order to fully implement service-oriented computing additional up-front work is required. If one starts to implement services in a tactical manner without sufficient planning and design, the full benefits will not be realized.
Describe Intrinsic Interoperability.
Services are designed to be compatible and interoperable regardless of when and by whom they are delivered.
Describe Increased Federation
Each service establishes a standardized technical interface or endpoint that represents a segment of the enterprise expressed in a consistent manner regardless of the underlying system that implements the service.
Describe Increased Vendor Diversification Options
The enterprise has the option to refactor or extend parts with new vendor technologies and products when needed.
Describe Increased Business and Technology Alignment
The extent to which automated systems and the IT enterprise can mirror and evolve with the business.
Describe Increased ROI
Agnostic solution logic that is multi-purpose can be reused resulting ultimately in lower costs for new capabilities.
Describe Increased Organizational Agility
Once a collection of mature agnostic services is available the time and effort required to fulfill a new or changed business requirement is dramatically reduced.
Describe Reduced IT Burden
Consistently applying service-orientation results in reduced waste and redundancy, reduced size and operational cost, and reduced overhead associated with its governance and evolution.
Explain how four of the strategic goals relate to or result in three of the strategic benefits.
Having a mature set of interoperable services with standardized interfaces that is aligned with the business and allows for insertion of new technology results in an organization that can quickly respond to new or changed business requirements with less work resulting in increased ROI.
Define “Service-Oriented Architecture”.
Service-oriented architecture is a distributed technology architectural model with distinct characteristics in support of realizing service-orientation.
What are the four fundamental characteristics of the service-oriented architecture model?
Business-driven
Vendor-neutral
Enterprise-centric
composition-centric
Describe the Business-driven context of SOA.
Applying a business-driven strategic scope to the technology architecture keeps it in synch with how the business evolves over time.
Describe the Vendor-neutral context of SOA.
A vendor-neutral architectural model allows the freedom to diversify its implementation by leveraging multiple vendor technology innovations thus increasing the longevity of the architecture as it is allowed to augment and evolve in response to changing requirements.
Describe the Enterprise-centric context of SOA.
An enterprise-centric architecture must support agnostic services that can be reused to participate in the automation of different business tasks and processes.
Describe the Composition-centric context of SOA.
A composition-centric architecture supports the ability for services to be pulled into a variety of service composition designs.
What are the four types of service-oriented architecture?
Service Architecture
Service Composition Architecture
Service Inventory Architecture
Service-Oriented Enterprise Architecture
Describe a Service Architecture
The service architecture defines individual services.
Describe a Service Composition Architecure.
The service composition architecture defines how services may be used to implement other services.
Describe a Service Inventory Architecture
A service inventory architecture defines how an enterprise can be partitioned into separate domains that can be independently standardized and governed.
Describe a Service-Oriented Enterprise Architecture.
A service-oriented enterprise architecture defines the master view of the service inventories
Define the term “service-orientation”
Service-orientation is a design paradigm comprised of a set of design principles resulting in service-oriented solution logic.
Define the term “service-oriented solution logic”.
Service-oriented solution logic is logic to which service-orientation has been applied to a meaningful extent. The fundamental unit of service-oriented solution logic is the service.
Define the term “service-oriented computing”.
Service-oriented computing is an umbrella term used to represent a distributed computing platform based on service-orientation.
Define the term “service”.
A service is a unit of solution logic to which service-orientation has been aplied to a meaningful extent.
Define the term “service contract”.
A service contract establishes the terms of engagement for a service, providing technical constraints and requirements as well as any semantic information the service owner wishes to make public.
List the primary historical influences of service-orientation.
Object-orientation
Business Process Management
Enterprise Application Integration
Aspect-Oriented Programming
What is an agnostic service?
An agnostic service is not specific to any one application or business process and can therefore be reused for multiple purposes.
Describe the service-orientation principles that pertain directly to service contracts.
Standardized Service Contract Service Loose Coupling Service Abstraction Service Autonomy Service Discoverability Service Composability
Describe the service-orientated computing goals that pertain directly to service contracts.
Increased Intrinsic Interoperability
Increased Federation
Increased Vendor Diversity Options
Increased Business and Technology Alignment
Define the term “service consumer”.
“Service consumer” is the temporary runtime role assumed by a program at the time it is engaging a service in a data exchange.
What are the different types of servic consumers?
Composition initiator
Composition controller
Define “service capability”.
A service capability represents a specific function of a service through which in can be invoked regardless of how it is implemented.
Define the term “service composition”.
A service composition is an aggregaste of services collectively composed to automate a particular task or business process.
Define the term “service inventory”.
A service inventory is an independenlty standardized and governed collection of complementary services within a boundary that represents an enterprise or a meaningful segment of an enterprise.
Describe the notion of normalization in relation to service inventories.
In a normalized service inventory there is no functional overlap between service boundaries.
List the three logical service layers
Task
Entity
Utility
List the common service delivery lifecycle stages
Service-Oriented Analysis Service Modelling Service-Oriented Design Service Development Service Implementation
List the common service delivery processes
Service-Oriented Analysis Service Modelling Service-Oriented Design Service Development Service Implementation
Describe the iterative nature of the inventory analysis lifecycle
As service-oriented analysis is performed on the service inventory blueprint, some service candidates may be changed. The resulting service candidates must be realigned with the enterprise business models and an updated blueprint created.
Describe service-oriented analysis
Service -oriented analkysis is the process by which service-orientation is applied to business automation logic and requirements to conceptualize service candidates within the service inventory blueprint.
Describe service modelling
Service Modelling is part of the analysis phase during which services and their capabilities are conecptualized into service candidates prior to their actual physical definition and development.
Describe service-oriented design.
tbd
XML schema elements that contain child elements or attributes have __________
XML schema elements that contain child elements or attributes are called COMPLEX TYPES.
XML schema elements that contain only values have ______
XML schema elements that contain only values have SIMPLE TYPES.
Simple types are used to refer to __________
Simple types are used to refer to BUILT-IN DATA TYPES.
An initial sender is always also a _________
An initial sender is always also a SERVICE CONSUMER.
An ultimate receiver is always also a _______
An ultimate receiver is always also a SERVICE PROVIDER.
Whereas _________ represent temporary classifications base on a service’s runtime utilization, ___________ are permanent classifications based on the nature of logic encapsulated by a service.
Whereas SERVICE ROLES represent temporary classifications base on a service’s runtime utilization, SERVICE MODELS are permanent classifications based on the nature of logic encapsulated by a service.
Define SOAP-based Web service
A SOAP-based Web service is solution logic that has a published WSDL definition and exchanges SOAP-compliant messages.
Name the two types of inbound MEPs
Request-Response
One-Way
Name the two types of outbound MEPs supported by Version 1.1 of the WSDL specification
Solicit-Response
Notification
What are the types of SOAP headers introduced by WS_Addressing?
Endpoint References (EPRs) Messaging Information (MI) Headers (aka Mesage addressing Properties (MAP))
What are the two specifications for reliable messaging?
WS-ReliableMessaging
WS-Reliability
What are the three types of delivery assurances in WS-ReliableMessaging?
AtMostOnce
AtLeastOnce
ExactlyOnce
List 4 common Service Inventory design patterns
Domain Inventory
Service Normalization
Logic Centralization
Schema Centralization
List 8 common Service Design Patterns
Decoupled Contract Contract Centralization Official Endpoint Service Facade Concurrent Contracts Redundant Implementation Service Data replication Legacy Wrapper
What two design patterns combine to form the Official Endpoint Design Pattern?
Logic Centralization
Contract Centralization
Identify three ways in which the Service Facade Pattern can be used
- Allow addition of multiple service contracts without major impact to the core service logic
- Insulate service consumers fomr changes in the behavior of core service logic.
- Shield core service logic from changes that occur in underlying resources.
Name the three design patters that comprise the Enterprise Service Bus compound pattern
Service Broker
Intermediate Routing
Asynchronous Queuing
Name the three design patterns that comprise the Service Broker compound pattern
Data Model Transformation
Data Format Transformation
Protocol Bridging
Name the patterns that comprise the Base Orchestration Compound Pattern
Process Abstraction
Process Centralization
State Repository
Compensating Service Transaction
