Combined Physics - P6 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What two types of wave are there?

A
  • Transverse
  • Longitudinal
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2
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave

A

Sound

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3
Q

Describe how longitudinal waves transfer energy.

A

Vibrations are parallel to energy transfer

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4
Q

Give an example of a transverse wave

A
  • All electromagnetic waves
  • A ripple on water
  • A wave on a string
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5
Q

Describe how transverse waves transfer energy.

A

Vibrations are perpendicular to energy transfer

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6
Q

Compare the sound of the two waves in the image in terms of loudness and pitch.

A
  • They have the same loudness.
  • Wave B has a higher pitch.
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7
Q

Name the properties of the wave labelled a) and b)

A

a) Wavelength
b) Amplitude

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8
Q

Name the two regions of a longitudinal wave labelled ‘C’ and ‘R’.

A

C = compression

R = rarefaction

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9
Q

What equation links wave speed, frequency and wavelength?

A

Wave speed = frequency x wavelength

V = 𝘧 λ

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10
Q

What are X-rays used for?

A

Medical imaging

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11
Q

What EM waves can our eyes detect?

A

Visible light

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12
Q

What are gamma rays used for?

A
  • Killing cancer cells
  • Sterilizing medical equipment
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13
Q

What does frequency mean?

A

The number of complete waves passing a certain point in a second (1 Hz is 1 wave per second)

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14
Q

What EM waves can have hazardous effects on human body?

A

Ultraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma rays

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15
Q

Which EM wave causes skin cancer?

A

Ultraviolet waves cause skin cancer

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16
Q

Write the electromagnetic spectrum in order from longest to shortest wavelength.

A
17
Q

Compare the sound of the two waves in the image in terms of loudness and pitch.

A
  • They have the same pitch.
  • Wave B is quieter than Wave A.
18
Q

Name the EM wave that communicates with satellites

A

Microwaves

19
Q

What danger do X-rays and gamma rays pose?

A

Can cause cancer

20
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A
  • Satellite communications
  • Cooking food
  • Mobile phone communication
21
Q

What is visible light used for?

A

1) Communication using fibre optics
2) Anything that you need to see e.g.:

  • Charging lights on battery chargers
  • Traffic Lights
  • Lights on displays such as TV, phone, laptop
22
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Television and radio

23
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

A
  • Electrical heaters
  • Cooking food
  • Infrared cameras
  • TV remotes
24
Q

What is ultraviolet used for?

A
  • Tanning beds
  • Detecting forged bank notes
25
Q

What is the dashed line in a refraction diagram called?

A

Normal

26
Q

What do you call the process whereby light bends as it enters a different medium?

A

Refraction

27
Q

Higher Q. What can oscillations in electrical circuits cause?

A

Radio waves

28
Q

Why does light bend as it moves from air into glass?

A

Glass is denser than air, so the light wave slows down.

29
Q

Higher Q. How can radio waves themselves induce oscillations in an electrical circuit?

A

Radio waves can be absorbed, creating an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio wave itself.

30
Q

Describe how you would use a ripple tank to measure the speed of a water wave.

A
  • Set the frequency of the wave on the signal generator.
  • The dipper will oscillate and generate a wave at the set frequency.
  • Turn the strobe light on.
  • Take a picture of the wave fronts that appear on the screen.
  • Using a ruler, measure the wavelength of one wave (to increase accuracy, measure the length of 10 waves then divide by 10).
  • Use the equation: v=fλ to calculate the speed of the wave.
31
Q

Describe how you would measure the speed of a wave on the string?

A
  • Set the frequency of the wave on the signal generator.
  • Using a ruler, measure the wavelength of one wave (to increase accuracy, measure the length of 10 waves then divide by 10).
  • Use the equation: v=fλ to calculate the speed of the wave.
32
Q

Put the following surfaces in order of the amount of infrared radiation they emit (from most to least).

Shiny Black, Matt Black, Silver, White

A
  1. Matt black (most)
  2. Shiny black
  3. White
  4. Silver (least)
33
Q

Higher Q. Complete the diagram to show waves moving from a less dense to a more dense medium.

A
34
Q

Higher Q. Complete the diagram to show waves moving from a less dense to a more dense medium.

A
35
Q

Describe how you would investigate the amount of infrared radiation emitted by different surfaces using the equipment below.

A
  • Fill the Leslie’s cube with boiling water and place on a heat proof mat.
  • Measure 15 cm from the cube using a ruler and place an infrared detector there facing the cube.
  • Record the amount of infrared it detects.
  • Repeat for each side of the cube (which has different faces, e.g. silver, black matt, black shiny, white).
36
Q

Describe how the equipment can be used to measure the speed of sound

A
  • Connect a speaker to a signal generator and switch on to a set frequency (this gives your frequency, f)
  • Connect microphones to the oscilloscope so they each show a wave on the screen.
  • Place both microphones next to the oscilloscope.
  • Move one microscope away until the waves on the screen match each other.
  • Measure the distance between the microphones at this point – this is the wavelength, λ.
  • Use the equation: v=fλ to calculate the speed of the wave.