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Master Combined Science - Physics (Higher) > Combined Physics - 6.6 > Flashcards

Combined Physics - 6.6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What two types of wave are there?

A

Transverse or longitudinal

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2
Q

Give an example of a transverse wave

A
  • All electromagnetic waves
  • A ripple on water
  • A wave on a string
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3
Q

Give an example of a longitudinal wave

A
  • Sound waves in air
  • Ultrasound
  • Shock waves (e.g. some seismic waves)
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4
Q

What vibrations do transverse waves have?

A

Perpendicular (the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer)

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5
Q

What vibrations do longitudinal waves have?

A

Parallel (the oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer)

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6
Q

What do longitudinal waves show areas of?

A

Compression and rarefaction

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7
Q

What are waves?

A

Transfers of energy (the particles remain in the same place)

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8
Q

Describe the wave feature: amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its undisturbed position

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9
Q

Describe the wave feature: wavelength

A

The distance between the same point on two adjacent waves

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10
Q

Describe the wave feature: frequency

A

The number of complete waves passing a certain point in a second (1 Hz is 1 wave per second)

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11
Q

Describe the wave feature: period

A

The amount of time taken for a full cycle of the wave

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12
Q

What is wave speed?

A

The speed at which the energy is transferred (or the wave moves) through a medium

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13
Q

What is the wave equation all waves obey?

A
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14
Q

Describe electromagnetic waves

A

Transverse waves which transfer energy from the source of the waves to an absorber

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15
Q

What do electromagnetic waves form?

A

A continuous spectrum

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16
Q

What velocity do electromagnetic waves travel at through a vacuum?

A

The same velocity

17
Q

List the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of wavelength and frequency

A
18
Q

What EM waves can our eyes detect?

A

Visible light (only a limited range of the EM spectrum can be detected)

19
Q

Higher Q. When wavelength varies, different substances may do what?

A

Absorb, transmit, refract or reflect the EM waves differently

20
Q

Higher Q. What causes some effects, such as refraction?

A

The difference in velocity of a wave at the boundary between two different media

21
Q

Higher Q. What can oscillations in electrical circuits cause?

A

Radio waves

22
Q

Higher Q. How can radio waves themselves induce oscillations in an electrical circuit?

A

Radio waves can be absorbed, creating an alternating current with the same frequency as the radio wave itself

23
Q

What can cause EM waves being generated or absorbed over a wide frequency range?

A

Changes in atoms and the nuclei of atoms

24
Q

Where do gamma rays originate from?

A

Changes in the nucleus of an atom

25
Q

What EM waves can have hazardous effects on human body tissue?

A

Ultraviolet waves, X-rays and gamma rays

26
Q

What is a measure of the risk of harm resulting from an exposure of the body to radiation?

A

Radiation dose (sieverts (Sv))

27
Q

How may millisieverts (mSv) are in one sievert (Sv)?

A

1000 millisieverts (mSv) = 1 sievert (Sv)

28
Q

What danger does ultraviolet light pose?

A

Skin can age prematurely and increase the risk to skin cancers

29
Q

What danger do X-rays and gamma rays pose?

A

They are ionising radiation: mutations of genes and cancers

30
Q

What practical applications are there for radio waves?

A

Television and radio

31
Q

What practical applications are there for microwaves?

A

Satellite communications and cooking food

32
Q

What practical applications are there for infrared waves?

A

Electrical heaters, cooking food and infrared cameras

33
Q

What practical applications are there for visible light?

A

Fibre optics

34
Q

What practical applications are there for ultraviolet light?

A

Energy efficient lamps and sun-tanning

35
Q

What practical applications are there for X-rays and gamma rays?

A

Medical imaging and treatments

Master Combined Science - Physics (Higher) (7 decks)

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