Combined Alpha- and Beta- Agonists and Antagonists Flashcards

1
Q

Carvedilol

Indications and MOA

A
  • used for HTN, HF with reduced EF, left ventricular dysfunction following MI
  • MOA: nonselective beta receptor blockade and alpha-1 receptor blockade; thereby, decreases BP and peripheral resistance; these combined effects decrease myocardial oxygen demand and lower cardiac workload
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2
Q

Carvedilol

Caution and Contraindications

A
  • do not abruptly withdraw
  • avoid in patients with bronchospasm
  • avoid in severe hepatic impairment
  • avoid in patients with 2nd or 3rd degree AV block
  • avoid in patients with NYHA Class IV HF
  • caution in diabetic patients
  • caution in HLD
  • other agents preferred in pregnancy and lactation
  • initiated by cardiologists in pediatrics
  • use caution in elderly patients because of orthostatic hypotension
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3
Q

Carvedilol

Adverse Drug Effects

A
  • hypotension, dizziness, fatigue, weight gain, hyperglycemia, headache, n/v, impotence
  • anaphylactic reactions (rare)
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4
Q

Labetalol

Indications and MOA

A
  • used in HTN, including severe acute
  • MOA: nonselective beta receptor blockade and alpha-1 receptor blockade thereby decrease BP and peripheral resistance; these combined effects decrease myocardial oxygen demand and lower cardiac workload
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5
Q

Labetalol

Caution and Contraindications

A
  • do not abruptly withdraw
  • avoid in patients with bronchospasm
  • avoid in severe hepatic impairment
  • avoid in patient with 2nd or 3rd degree AV block
  • avoid in patients with NYHA Class IV HF
  • caution in peripheral vascular disease
  • caution in diabetic patients
  • caution in HLD
  • compatible in pregnancy after the first trimester
  • caution in lactation
  • limited data available in pediatrics
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6
Q

Epinephrine

Indications and MOA

A
  • used for emergency treatment of type 1 allergic reaction, including anaphylaxis
  • MOA: decreases vasodilation and vascular permeability that occur during anaphylaxis; it relaxes smooth muscles, relieves bronchospasm, wheezing, dyspnea, pruritus, angioedema, and urticaria
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7
Q

Epinephrine

Caution and contraindications

A
  • caution in cardiac disease
  • compatible in pregnancy and lactation
  • approved in pediatrics
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8
Q

Epinephrine

Adverse Drug Effects

A
  • apprehensiveness, tremors, anxiety, weakness, headache, palpitations, angina, alterations in blood sugar, disorientation, HTN
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