Combat Lifesaving

Question 1

What is shock?

Answer 1

Failure of the cardiovascular system to pump blood to all parts of the body

Question 2

What are the signs and symptoms of shock?

Answer 2

• Sweaty but cool skin
• Pale skin
• Restlessness, nervousness
• Thirst
• Loss of blood (caused by internal or external bleeding)
• CONFUSION OR LOSS OF AWARENESS
• Faster than normal breathing rate
• Blotchy or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips)
• Nausea and vomiting

Question 3

How many liters of blood does the average adult contain?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

Hemorrhagic shock will occur with how much blood loss?

Answer 4

20%+

Question 5

How long can it take for a body to bleed out?

Answer 5

60 - 120 seconds

Question 6

What are the causes of hemorrhagic shock?

Answer 6

• External loss of whole blood
• Internal hemorrhage
• Extreme loss of plasma due to sever burns

Question 7

What are the steps to prevent and treat for shock?

Answer 7

• Move the casualty to cover
• Position the casualty on his back
• Elevate the casualty’s feet higher than the level of his heart
• Loosen clothing at the neck, waist or wherever it may be binding
• Prevent chilling or overheating
• Calm the casualty
• DO NOT give the casualty food or drink

Question 8

What are the two types of soft tissue injuries?

Answer 8

• Closed wounds (skin is not broken)

- Open wounds (skin is broken)

Question 9

How are closed wounds caused?

Answer 9

Blunt objects striking the body with sufficient force to crush the tissue beneath the skin

Question 10

What is a contusion?

Answer 10

When blood leaks into the wound

Question 11

What is a hematoma?

Answer 11

A blood tumor - when serious amounts of tissue are damaged a ump may develop rapidly

Question 12

What are the classifications of open wounds?

Answer 12

• Abrasions
• Lacerations
• Incisions
• Puncture wounds

Question 13

What is an abrasion?

Answer 13

A loss of a portion of the epidermis and part of the dermas from its being rubbed or scraped across a hard surface

Question 14

What is a laceration?

Answer 14

A cut produced by glass, metal, or any other object that may leave a jagged wound on the sking surface and cut through the subcutaneous tissue, the underlying muscles, associated nerves, and blood vessels

Question 15

What is an incision?

Answer 15

Same thing as a laceration, but has no jagged edges

Question 16

What is a puncture wound?

Answer 16

A wound caused by a knife, nail, ice pick, splinter, or any other pointed object

Question 17

What is a perforating wound?

Answer 17

When a puncture wound traverses the entire limb to exit the opposite side

Question 18

Impaled objects should or should not be removed from the wound?

Answer 18

Should not

Question 19

How do you treat an open wound?

Answer 19

• Control the bleeding through direct pressure, pressure points, or a tourniquet
• Prevent contamination with a sterile dressing
• Try and prevent infection

Question 20

How are the considerations when emplacing bandages?

Answer 20

• Unless direct pressure is required, do not apply too tightly to prevent blood loss to extremities
• Do not apply too loosely, or it may not hold the dressing in place
• Leave fingers and toes exposed so that color change may be observed
• Immobilize and elevate the injured part in the event of serious bleeding

Question 21

What are the three categories of special wounds?

Answer 21

• Avulsion
• Crushing wound
• Amputations

Question 22

What is an avulsion?

Answer 22

An injury in which a whole piece of skin with varying portions of tissue or muscles is torn loose completely or left hanging as a flap

Question 23

What is a crushing wound?

Answer 23

Contusions that are more severs, as the underlying skeletal support is also damaged

Question 24

What is an amputation?

Answer 24

The separation of either digits or limbs from the victim’s body