Combat Life Saving

Question 1

What is shock?

Answer 1

Result in significant blood loss, heart failure, severe and painful blows to the body, burns, severe wounds that become infected, a severe allergic reaction to drugs or certain foods, certain insect bites, snakebites and dehydration.

Question 2

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

Answer 2

Sweaty but cool skin
Pale skin
Restlessness, Nervousness
Thirst
Loss of Blood
Confusion or Loss of Awareness
Faster than Normal Breathing Rate
Blotchy or Bluish Skin
Nausea or Vomiting

Question 3

Hemorrhagic Shock

Answer 3

Loss of 20% Blood, can Bleed out in 60-120 minurtes

Question 4

Types of Soft Tissue Injuries

Answer 4

Closed Wounds

Open Wounds

Question 5

Closed Wounds

Answer 5

A contusion or Bruise

Question 6

Open Wound

Answer 6

Abrasion
Laceration
Incision
Puncture

Question 7

Abrasion

Answer 7

Open Wound

a loss of a portion of the epidermis and part of the dermas from its being rubbed or scraped across a hard surface

Question 8

Laceration

Answer 8

Open Wound
a cut produced by glass, metal, or any other object that may leave a jagged wound on the skin surface and cut through the subcutaneous tissue, the underlying muscles, associated nerves, and blood vessels

Question 9

Incision

Answer 9

Open Wound

similar to a laceration, except that the wound will be somewhat “cleaner,” having no jagged edges

Question 10

Puncture

Answer 10

Open Wound

May result from a stab with a knife, nail, ice pick, splinter, or any other pointed object.

Question 11

Treatment of Open Wounds

Answer 11

Control the bleeding by direct pressure, pressure points, or as a last resort, a tourniquet
Prevent contamination with a sterile dressing
Immobilize and elevate the injured part

Question 12

Special Wounds

Answer 12

Avulsion
Crushing Wounds
Amputations

Question 13

Avulsion

Answer 13

Special Wound
an injury in which a whole piece of skin with varying portions of tissue or muscle is either torn loose completely or left hanging as a flap

Question 14

Crushing Wound

Answer 14

Special Wound

contusions that are more severe, as the underlying skeletal support is also damaged

Question 15

Amputation

Answer 15

Special Wound

the separation of either digits (fingers, toes, etc.) or limbs from the victim’s body

Question 16

Open Chest Wound Symptoms

Answer 16

• A hole in the chest wall
• Coughing up of bright red, frothy blood
• Pain at the site of the injury
• Pain that is aggravated by or occurs with breathing, localized around the site of an injury in the chest
• Dyspnea (difficulty or pain with breathing)
• Failure of one or both sides of the chest to expand normally when inhaling
• A rapid, weak pulse and low blood pressure
• Cyanosis (discoloration) of the lips, fingertips, or fingernails

Question 17

Open Chest Wound Treatment

Answer 17

• Use a field dressing plastic wrapper
• Tear open one end of the plastic wrapper covering the field dressing. Be careful not to destroy the wrapper
• Remove the inner packet (field dressing)
• Tear open the empty plastic wrapper and create a flat surface, using as much of the wrapper as possible
• Place wrapper over wound. Place the inside surface of the plastic wrapper directly over the open chest wound as the casualty exhales and hold in place
• Apply dressing to the wound
• Using the free hand, shake open the field dressing and place the white side of the dressing directly over the plastic wrapper covering the open wound, holding it securely in place to create an airtight dressing
• Place casualty on injured side. Position the casualty on his injured side or in a sitting position, whichever makes breathing easier
• Make the victim warm and evacuate as soon as possible

Question 18

Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 18

May develop from an open chest wound

2nd leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield

Question 19

Types of bleeding

Answer 19

Arterial
Venous
Capillary

Question 20

Arterial Bleeding

Answer 20

Flow of bright red blood that pumps out in distinct spurts. The flow can be alarmingly profuse.
Severe arterial bleeding could cause a victim to bleed to death in one to two minutes