COM3310 Glossary Flashcards
2PC
Two-phase commit - Commit and roll back - first check goes to all Resource Managers and checks whether everything is ok to commit, then decides whether to commit or not (2 phases) (if even one Resource Manager cannot go ahead, then the whole thing does not go ahead)- the idea that a transaction can be of multiple parts and that the system needs to either commit everything or roll back on everything if there is a failure
ACID
Requirements of a transaction system: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability Atomic: Meaning either all changes are made at once or not at all Consistency: Database remains consistent according to the rules defines such as referential integrity both before and after the transaction is executed Isolation: Requires that transactions are executed as if not other transactions are executed (e.g. hidden) Durability: When a transaction is stated as complete, the updates to the database are preserved irrespective of any system failures
Address Space
The complete range of addresses available to a program. An address space contains user data, system data and programs, some of which are common to all address spaces.
ADRDSSU
Application-level Utility - Primary disk dump and disk restore program provided with z/OS
Alias
An alias is a special entry in the master catalog, pointing to a user catalog, that coincides with the high level qualifier of a data set name.
AMS
Access Method Services: A utility to define and delete VSAM structures, such as files and indexes
AORs
Application-Owning Regions - In a CICSPlex configuration, a CICS region devoted to running applications
Application Designers & Programmer
Design, build, test and deliver mainframe applications
Atomic Instant
The instant when the coordinator records the fact that it is going to tell all the resource managers to either commit or roll back
Batch Processing
The running of jobs on the mainframe without user interaction - reads and processes data in bulk and produces output
BMS
Basic Mapping Support - 3270: Sends a menu to the terminal, in between command prompt and interface I think
CA
Continuous Availability
CBU
Capacity BackUp - Temporary upgrade for customers who have a requirement for a robust disaster recovery solution, creates backup systems that is not paid for unless a disaster is activated (special contract with IBM)
CEC
Central Electionic Complex (like CPC (Central Processing Complex) - the physical collection of hardware that includes main storage, one or more central processors, timers and channels (main system))
CEDA
CICS Command - Used for creating and managing resource definitions (Conversational)
CEMT
CICS Command - Master Terminal Commands (INQUIRE - Set File, SET - Disable a program, ) (Conversational)
CF
Coupling Facility
CHPID
Channel Path Identifier: The channels are all integrated in the main processor box
CICS
Customer Information Control System - General purpose transaction subsystem for z/OS
CICS Explorer
A system management tool that offers a simple, integrated and intuitive way to manage one or more IBM CICS systems
CICS TS
CICS Transaction Server: Often called simply CICS, is a powerful, mixed-language application server that runs on the IBM mainframe operating system called z/OS. Commonly divided into three regions (TOR, FOR and AOR)
CICSPlex
CICS Architechture - CICS is divided into several regions and each region can play a different role. Each region has its own VSAM file detailing the resources that are used exclusively for that region
CIU
Customer Initiated Upgrade - Web-based solutions for customers ordering and installing upgrades via the IBM Resource Link
Cluster
z/OS Parallel Sysplex or z/VM Single System Image (SSI) cluster
CMS
Conversational Monitor System - Operating system shipped with z/VM - A virtual machine only operating system, supporting a personal productivity environment, development and installing and maintaining z/VM - Has its own file systems - Runs many applications, compilers etc.
CO
Continuous Operations
COMMAREA
Pg 423 - CICS - Standard way for CICS prgrams to communicate with each other - The name of the area containing the data to be passed or the area to which results are to be returned (also an option to invoke CICS programs)
Conversational
A program that conducts a conversation with the user - Program waits for users response
CP
Control Program / Central Processor: The part of the computer that contrains the sequencing and processing facilities for instruction execution, initial program load, and other machine operations.
CPACF
CP Assist for Cryptographic function
CPC
Central Processor Complex - The physical collection of hardware that includes main storage, one or more central processors, timers and channels
CSGM
CICS Command - CICS Good Morning - Command to bring up the welcome screen
CSTOR
Memory / Central Storage / Main Storage
DASD
Direct Access Storage Device (Disks)
Datasets
A collection of logically related data records, such as a library of macros, medical records or a source program.
DB2
Shared I/O - DB2 is a database software from IBM. It is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). DB2 is designed to store, analyze and retrieve the data efficiently. DB2 product is extended with the support of Object-Oriented features and non-relational structures with XML. Tables are formatted in a typical logical structure composed of rows and columns
DB2 Buffer Pools
A buffer pool is an area of main memory that has been allocated by the database manager for the purpose of caching table and index data as it is read from disk. Every DB2® database must have a buffer pool. Each new database has a default buffer pool defined, called IBMDEFAULTBP.
DB2 Catalogue
The DB2 catalog consists of tables of data about everything defined to the DB2 system, including table spaces, indexes, tables, copies of table spaces and indexes, and storage groups.
DB2 Com: ALTER
Change the storage size
DB2 Com: BIND
DB2 Bind compiles all your sql statements into an executable format.
DB2 Com: COMPILE?
Dynamic SQL?
DB2 Com: COPY/RECOVER
It is vital that a DBA takes image copies of the data and the indexes with the COPY utility to recover data. The RECOVER utility can recover back to an image copy for a point-in-time recovery
DB2 Com: DCLGEN
Allows you to automatically generate your source definitions for the DB2 objects that will be used in your program
DB2 Com: DISPLAY
Displays status for whatever suffix you add after
DB2 Com: LOAD/UNLOAD
After the tables are created, the DBA uses the LOAD utility to populate them, with the ability to compress large amounts of data. UNLOAD allows the DBA to move or copy data from one subsystem to another
DB2 Com: PRECOMPILE?
Because compiled cannot handle SQL, the precompile step comments out the SQL statements and leaves behind a CALL statement to DB2.
DB2 Com: REORG
Reorders data in sequence
DB2 Com: RUN
When you execute your application program, the load module is loaded into main storage.
DB2 Com: RUNSTATS
Gathers statistics for use by the optimiser
DB2 Data Sharing
The ability of concurrent subsystems (such as DB2 or IMS DB) or application programs to directly access and change the same data, while maintaining data integrity
DBA
Database Administrator: Guides and approves database design, controls access to integrity and availability, providing standards, approving the use of any programs that access them, determines rules and security for access - not responsible for the data
DBMS
Database Management System
DFH
The 3 character optional software component identifier for CICS
DFMSMS - dfp
Core piece of DFSMS that deals with reading and writing
DFSMS
Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem - Performs the essential data, storage, program, and device management functions of the system. Used to automate storage management for data sets (rules based: the manager of the SMS can set rules of exactly what should be backed up, when it should be moved to ‘secondary storage’ (archived) depending on something like user priority e.g. high priority customer may get better backed up data than a low priority stakeholder) (dfp, dss, rmm, hsm, OPT)
DIMM
Dual In-Line Memory Module - Holds array of chips for RAM
DMA
Direct Memory Access
DR
Disaster Recovery
Dynamic SQL
Refers to SQL statements that are only partially or totally unknown when the program is written. Only when the program runs does DB2 know what the statements are and is able to determine the appropriate access paths.
EAL5
Highest level of security ceritification. The IBM mainframes are the world’s only servers to achieve this certification.
ESCON
Like FICON (fibre connection)
ESS
Enterprise Storage System: Allows multiple I/Os to execure concurrently against the same disk device without queuing. This functionality allows a device to contain more than one access path using a base address along with aliases.
Extensibility
Taking future growth into consideration
FICON
Fibre Connection architecture - Fibre channel protocol used for connectivity to traditional mainframe disk and tape
FORs
File-Owning Regions - In a CICSPlex configuration, a CICS region devoted to files
GDPS
Geographically Dispersed Parallel Sysplex - Ultimate disaster recovery and continuious availability
HA
High Availability
HBA
Host Bus Adapter - FICON Express
HFS
Hierarchical File System: A mountable file system, which is being phased out by zFS
Hipersockets
Technology that provides high-speed TCP/IP connectivity within a central processor complex. It eliminates the need for any physical cabling or external networking connection between servers running in different LPARs
HLQ
High level qualifier: Possible high level qualifiers are your userid or jobname
HMC
Hardwar Management Console: A user interface through which data centre personnel configure, control, monitor and manage IBM System Z hardware and software resources.
HSA
Hardware Save Area - Not addressable by the user, special component of the mainframe central storage area loaded at power on
Hypervisor
The hypervisor drives the concept of virtualization by allowing the physical host machine to operate multiple virtual machines as guests to help maximize the effective use of computing resources such as memory, network bandwidth and CPU cycles.