com11 3Q Flashcards
- Which best describes the principal factor behind ongoing legislation on the federal level related to health care?
a. Change is needed to reflect differences in health needs today.
b. Efforts must be put in place to control constantly increasing costs.
c. There is a need to focus on the population as a whole.
d. Technological breakthroughs should be expanded.
b. Efforts must be put in place to control constantly increasing costs.
With the rapid growth of technology and increased demands on the private and public health care subsystems, health care costs have become prohibitive. Cost-effectiveness and cost containment have become critical driving forces as health care delivery system changes are made; however, cost-effectiveness often conflicts with the provision of quality care.
Which best describes the most common organization for receiving personal health care in the United States today?
a. A group of physicians all in a particular specialty group who share an office
b. Community health center that includes educational and social services
c. Fee for service by a physician in practice by himself or herself
d. Managed care organization with capitated payments to providers, both professionals and organizations
d. Managed care organization with capitated payments to providers, both professionals and organizations
Managed care has become a dominant paradigm in health care. This model has replaced fee for service by a physician in independent practice or physicians in a group practice, and care in a community health center.
Which best describes how voluntary health agencies fit into the overall health care system?
a. They fill in the gaps between services offered by private and public health
systems.
b. They primarily serve as sources of financial aid for the underserved.
c. They supplement the effort of the public health care system.
d. They support research, education, and services for particular groups of patients.
d. They support research, education, and services for particular groups of patients.
Voluntary health agencies are committed to specific diseases, organ or body structures, health and welfare of special groups, or particular phases of health. Philanthropic groups support research and programs. These organizations provide major sources of help in preventing disease, promoting health, treating illness, consumer education, and advocacy and research. Unfortunately, there continue to be overlaps among private, voluntary, and public agencies, but without voluntary agencies, fewer services would be available.
Which level of government primarily establishes regulations and provides funding for health care?
a. Federal government
b. Local health departments
c. Regional health districts
d. State health departments
a. Federal government
The federal government has been assuming a larger role in the protection of the population through regulation and funding. Local health departments establish local health codes, fund public hospitals, and provide services to populations at risk who often lack health insurance. State health departments are highly dependent on the federal level of resources and guidance. Regional health districts are not used as a level of government in the United States.
Which federal agency is responsible for administering most of the federal health-related activities?
a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
b. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
c. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
d. National Institutes of Health (NIH)
b. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
Most health-related activities at the federal level are implemented and administered by the HHS.
The responsibility of the CDC is to keep the public safe and healthy.
The responsibility of the HRSA is to improve access to health care services for vulnerable groups in the population.
The main responsibility of the NIH is biomedical and health-related research.
Which federal agency is responsible for the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program, food stamps, and school-based nutrition programs?
a. Aid to Dependent Children Department
b. Department of Agriculture
c. Department of Education
d. Department of Health and Human Services
b. Department of Agriculture
Which best describes the approach to health care used by states?
a. Federal funding encourages experimentation in creating new programs.
b. Insurance regulations concerning reimbursement cross state lines.
c. Information about successful programs is known to legislators.
d. States frequently develop new programs as federal funds become available to pay
for them.
d. States frequently develop new programs as federal funds become available to pay
for them.
Many state and local government programs were developed on the basis of availability of federal funds. Funds are accompanied by regulations, which apply to all recipients.
Which health care provider organization is seeing an increase in the demand for their services?
a. Physician practice
b. Hospice service
c. Hospitals
d. Long-term care facilities
d. Long-term care facilities
Hospital stays have shortened and patients who are admitted are more acutely ill and require more intensive care. Consequently, decreased hospital stays result in more home care admissions and more discharges to long-term care facilities for short-term recovery and rehabilitation. Hospice services and physician practices have not been as impacted as greatly by this shift in where care is provided.
Which best describes one of the current goals for the HHS?
a. Mandate minimum nurse to patient staffing ratios
b. Decrease medical malpractice claims
c. Monitor for health care fraud and abuse
d. Advance scientific knowledge and innovation
d. Advance scientific knowledge and innovation
The HHS goals for 2015–2018 are: strengthen health care; advance scientific knowledge and innovation; advance health, safety, and well-being of the American people; and ensure the efficiency, transparency, accountability, and effectiveness of HHS programs. The goals do not address nurse–patient staffing ratios, medical malpractice, or monitoring for fraud and abuse.
Who primarily provides care for military personnel, their families, and veterans, as well as Native Americans?
a. Federal government
b. Local health departments
c. Regional health districts
d. State health departments
a. Federal government
The federal government is responsible for the health care of specified populations including military personnel, their families, and veterans.
Which accurately describes the impact that the ACA had on expanding Medicaid?
a. There was no impact as Medicaid is funded by state governments.
b. Each state determined if they would accept the federal expansion of Medicaid.
c. Program enrollment decreased as less money was invested in Medicaid.
d. The cases of fraud and abuse within the Medicaid system rose.
b. Each state determined if they would accept the federal expansion of Medicaid.
One of the major provisions of the ACA resulting in large numbers of Americans receiving health care coverage was through the expansion of Medicaid; however, each state was allowed to determine whether they would accept this expansion. Ultimately, 31 states and the District of Columbia elected to extend Medicaid coverage through the ACA and 19 chose not to.
Which best describes a health disparity that exists in the United States?
a. Caucasians have higher rates of mortality than minority groups.
b. Caucasians have increased access to see specialist physicians.
c. Minority groups have increased access to government insurance options.
d. Minority groups have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions than Caucasians.
d. Minority groups have a higher prevalence of chronic conditions than Caucasians.
I clarified with the Medicare office that long-term care is not covered by Medicare plans unless it involves skilled care. Any non-skilled long term care is not covered. One would need to get private insurance specifically for long-term care.
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Community health services
Control of communicable disease such as surveillance and immunizations, maternal-child health programs, nutrition services, education, preventative screening
Environmental health services
Food hygiene; protection from hazardous substances; control of waste, air, noise, and water pollution; occupational health
