COM1 Anatomy Flashcards by Shaylei M

What does the CNS consist of

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the brain and spinal cord in the CNS responsible for

Correlation and integration of nervous information

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the CNS contain

Not brain and spinal cord

neurons which are nerve cells + neuroglia which is the supporting tissue

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the CNS interior organised into ?

Gray matter
-White matter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does Gray matter consist of in the CNS+ colour

Nerve cells embedded in neuroglia , gray in colour

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does white matter in the CNS consits of + colour and why

-Nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia , white in colour due to mylein sheaths

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the peripheral Nervous system include

Cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of the Peripheral Nervous systems

Conduct signals to and from the CNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of Autonomic Nervous system

It controls involuntary functions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Autonomic Nervous system divided into

Sympathetic and parasympathetic system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of sympathetic system

-Prepares the body for emergencies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the function of parasympathetic system

Conserves and restores energy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the brain and spinal cord shielded by

Skull and vertebral column

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the brain and spinal cord covered by+ where are they suspended/found

meninges
-Cerebrospinalfluid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the spinal cord located

Within the vertebral canal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the spinal cord protected by

3 meninges

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the 3 meninges that protect the spinal cord

Dura mater
-Arachnoid mater
-Pia mater

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the spinal cord surrounded by

CSF in the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the spinal cord begin and where does it end

-Foramen magnum
-Lumbar region`

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the spinal cord taper into

Conus medullaris

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The 31 pairs of spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord via what

Anterior or (motor) roots
-Posterior or (sensory) roots

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the spinal cord composed of / the structure

Gray matter - inner core
-White matter - outercovering, surrounds the grey matter

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Explain the structure of the Grey matter(inner core) in the spinal cord+ what it forms

Has an H shape, forming the anterior and posterior horns

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the white matter(outercovering) in the spinal cord divided into

Anterior, lateral and posterior white columns

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does the brain lie

in the cranial cavity

What is the brain surrounded by

CSF

What is the Brain protected by

Same 3 meninges as the spinal cord ( dura mater, arachnoid mater,pia mater) + the CSF

What is the brain divided into

- Hind brain -Mid brain -Forebrain

What does the Hindbrain consist of

- Medulla obolongata -Pons -Cerebellum

What does the medulla oblongata connect

The spinal cord to the pons

What does the medulla oblongata contain and what is it functuon

- Nuclei -Serves as a passageway for nerve fibers

Wheres does the Pons lie between

medulla and midbrain

What does the pons contain

Transverse fibers

Where is the cerebellum located

Posterior cranial fossa

What is the hemispheres in the cerebellum connected by

Vermis

How many hemispheres does the Cerebellum have

The cerebellum is linked to the brainstem via what.. 3things

Superior, middle, inferior cerebellar peduncles

What is the surface layer of each cerebellar hemisphere called

cortex

What does the cortex form

Folds or folia

What is the cortex composed of

Grey matter

What is the cortex seperated by

Transverse fissures

What type of nucleus does the cortex contain

- Dentate nucleus

What is another name for Midbrain

Mesencephalon

What is another name for the forebrain

Prosensephalon

What is another name for the Hind brain

Rhombencephalon

What is the function of the Midbrain

-Connects the hindbrain to the forebrain -Connects the cerebral aqueduct , linking the 3rd and 4th ventricle

What does the midbrain contain

-Nuclei and nerve fiber tracts

Name the 2 components that the forebrain contain

- Diencephalon -Cerebrum

Explain what the diencephalon as a component of the FOREBRAIN contains + what it forms

- Dorsal thalamus and ventral hypothalamus -Forms part of the 3rd ventricle

What is the role of the ventral hypothalamus

-Controls autonomic functions, hormones and homeostasis

What is the largest part of the brain

Cerebrum

What is the hemispheres in cerebrum connected by as a component of the FOREBRAIN

- 2 hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum

What specifically can the cortex be folded inyo

gyri, sulci

Name the 2 deep structures that the cerebrum includes

- Basal nuclei- ganglia - Corona radiata

What is the corona radiata

Fan shaped nerve fibers

What does the cerebrum contain

Lateral ventricles

What is the sturtucal differences between the brain and spinal cord

Spinal cord: Inner gray matter, outer white matter. Brain: Inner white matter, outer gray matter

What does the PNS connect

the CNS to the rest of the body

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there

Where do the cranial nerves arise from and where do they exit

-Arise from the brain -Exit throug the foramina in the skull

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Where doe the spinal nerves arise from and exit

- Arise from the spinal cord and exith througb the intervertebral foramina

Name the regions and numbers that the Spinal nerves are divided into

8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal

Explain what the Anterior(ventral) root( connects spinal nerves to the spinal cord) contains and function

Contains motor (efferent) fibers that carry signals from the CNS to muscles.

Explain what the Posterior (dorsal) root( connects spinal nerves to the spinal cord) contains and function

Contains sensory (afferent) fibers that carry signals to the CNS (touch, pain, temperature).

What does the posterior root ganglia contain

- Sensory neuron cell bodies

What is ganglia

A group of neuron cell bodies in the periphery

Name the 2 types of ganglia

- Sensory ganglia - Autonomic ganglia

Where is sensory ganglia found

On the posterior root of spinal nerves + cranial nerves 5,7,8,9,10

What does sensory ganglia appear as

Fusiform

Where is autonomic ganglia located

- Paravertebral sympathetic chains

Name the 2 branches spinal nerves are divided into

- Posterior (dorsal) ramus -Anterior(Ventral) ramus

What is the function of the posterior(dorsal) ramus

Supplies the muscles and skin of the back

What is the function of the Anterior(ventral) ramus

-Supplies the anterolateral body walls and limbs

When the anterior(ventral ) rami join one another what do they form

Nerve plexuses

Where are the cervical and brachial plexuses found

- Root of the upper limbs

Name the 3 germ layers

- Entoderm -Mesoderm -Ectoderm

What does entoderm form

- Gastrointestinal tract, lungs and liver

What does mesoderm form

- Muscles, Connective tissues

What does ectoderm form

- Nervous system

What week does neural plate formation occur

week 3

How is the neural plate formed

- The ectoderm on the embryos dorsal surface thicken, forming the neural plate

How is the neural tube formed

- Neural folds fuse forming the neural tube

Where does the fusion of the neural folds start

Midpoint

What forms the neural crest

- Cells at the lateral margin of the neural plate

Name what the neural crest cells migrate and differentiate into

- Sensory ganglia -Autonomic ganglia -Melanocytes

What is neural differentiation controlled by

- Inductive interactions

Name the 3 primary brain vesicles that the cephalic end of the neural tubes form

- Forebrain vesicle -Midbrain vesicle -Hindbrain vesicle

Name the cranial nerves from 1-6 + roles

C1- olfactory - smell C2- optic- vison C3-Oculomotor - eye movement pupil contraction C4- Trochlear- eye movement C5- Trigeminal- Facial sensations/chewing C6-Abducens- eye movement

Name the cranial nerves from C7 - 12 + roles

C7- Facial-facial expression C8- vestibulocochlear- hearing C9- Glossophoryngeal- taste C10-vagus- parasympathetic control C11- spinal accessory C12 - Hypoglossal - tounge movement