Com Prog Reviewer Flashcards
an electronic device that manipulates information, or data
COMPUTER
mechanical device that performs mathematical calculations
invented in Babylonia in 500 B.C.
Abacus
Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642
Limited to addition and subtraction
too expensive
Pascaline
Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672
can add, subtract, multiply and
divide automatically
Stepped Reckoner
a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1801
It an automatic loom controlled by punched cards
Jacquard Loom
an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions
Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834
the first mechanical computer
Difference Engine
In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron (first progammer???) (Ada Augusta the Countess of Love Lace/Ada Lovelace) suggests to Babbage that he use the binary system. She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.
Analytical Engine
Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890
to assist in summarizing information and accounting
Tabulating Machine
Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943
The first electro-mechanical computer
Harvard Mark 1
meaning of ASCC
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
The first programmable computer
Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to 1937
required that the user insert punch tape
Z1
Alan Turing developed the first electronic computer in 1943
Computer system was a fixed-program computer and it was not programmable
Colossus
the first electronic general purpose computer
Completed in 1946 by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly.
Eniac
the first commercial computer
designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly
Univac 1
UNIVAC 1 stands for
UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
The First Stored Program Computer
Designed by Von Neumann in 1952
Edvac
the first installed electronic computer for business (1954)
IBM 650
FORTRAN
(FORmula TRANslator)
COBOL
(COmmon Business Oriented Language)
LISP
(LISt Processor)
ALGOL
(ALGOrithmic Language)
BASIC
Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
Designed and built by Steve Wozniak in 1976-1977
Made home computing practicable
Apple I and Apple II
In 1981, IBM introduced its first ____ Computer.The first Portable Computer
MS-DOS Computer
introduced in 1984
the first mass-produced, commercially-available computer with a Graphical User Interface
Macintosh 128
introduced in 1989, It was sort of Mac-like but greatly inferior. Macintosh owners were known to refer to it sarcastically as AGAM-84 “Almost as Good As Macintosh 84.
Windows 1.0
What generation of computers is Vacuum tube based: used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU
First Generation (1946-1959)
What generation of computers is Transistor based: it was invented at Bell Labs in 1948
Second Generation (1959-1965)
What generation of computers is Integrated Circuit based: an IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry
Third Generation (1965-1971)
What generation of computers is Microprocessor based: VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements
Fourth Generation (1971-1980)
What generation of computers is Microprocessor based It is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software.
Fifth Generation (1980-onwards)
IC stands for
Integrated Circuit
VLSI
Very Large-Scale Integration
ULSI
Ultra Large-Scale Integration
any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact with and control it
Input Devices
the physical parts or components of a computer
Hardware
any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human-readable form.
Output Devices
the components responsible for the processing of information within the computer system.
Processing Devices
devices that stores all data temporary and permanent nature and BYTE is the unit of memory
Memory/Storage Devices
a set of instructions, programs that are used to execute any particular task
Software
a computer software that is designed for running the computer hardware parts and the application programs
System Software
designed for the users to perform some specific tasks like writing a letter, listening to music or seeing any video
Application Software
used by the programmers to write their programs, scripts, and instructions which can be executed by a computer
Programming Languages
a widely used approach in systems analysis and software engineering for describing the structure of an information processing program or another process
Input–Process–Output (IPO) Model
fastest and powerful, and expensive type of computer for processing data
made to perform multi-specific tasks
composed of many CPUs
Super Computer
commonly the Personal Computer widely used today
typically used for personal use
Micro Computer
based on purpose: designed to perform a particular or specialized task
Special Purpose Computer
based on purpose: do various everyday tasks such as writing a word processing letter, document preparation, recording, financial analysis, printing documents
General Purpose Computer
combined complex computer unit built using both analog and digital properties and united by a single control system
Hybrid Computer
the “clock speed” of the processor
the faster (higher the number), the faster the computer can do what you ask it to do
Processor GHz Speed
GPU
Graphics Processing Unit
important in doing photo or image editing, graphic design, or gaming.
GPU
helps take care of your data, can replace a hard drive, and uses less of the CPU.
Solid State Drive – SSD
RAM
Random Access Memory
memory enables to easily open lots of browser tabs and allows easily having lots of programs or applications open at once.
is measured in gigabytes (GB).
RAM
uses ten digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Decimal Number System - (Base 10)
defined as the representation of numbers by using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner..
Number system
A group of eight bits and is usually abbreviated as an uppercase B.
use for file sizes and storage capacities.
BYTE
used to represent digital data are referred to as binary digits— from this term we get the word bit that stands for binary digit.
0s and 1s
an abbreviation for binary digit, can be further abbreviated as a lowercase b.
BIT
has only two values: 0 and 1
Binary Number System - (Base 2)
has 8 independent values/symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7.
Octal Number System - (Base 8)
Its base or radix is 16
Hexadecimal Number System - (Base 16)
A application software for writing texts, and different types of documents can be easily developed in a practical way
a word processor that allows you to create and edit text
MICROSOFT WORD
access common commands no matter which tab is selected.
Quick Access Toolbar
are the horizontal menu appear at the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related commands
Tabs or Menu
the organized related commands displaying below each tab or menu.
Groups