Com Prog Reviewer Flashcards
an electronic device that manipulates information, or data
COMPUTER
mechanical device that performs mathematical calculations
invented in Babylonia in 500 B.C.
Abacus
Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642
Limited to addition and subtraction
too expensive
Pascaline
Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672
can add, subtract, multiply and
divide automatically
Stepped Reckoner
a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1801
It an automatic loom controlled by punched cards
Jacquard Loom
an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions
Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834
the first mechanical computer
Difference Engine
In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron (first progammer???) (Ada Augusta the Countess of Love Lace/Ada Lovelace) suggests to Babbage that he use the binary system. She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.
Analytical Engine
Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890
to assist in summarizing information and accounting
Tabulating Machine
Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC)
Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943
The first electro-mechanical computer
Harvard Mark 1
meaning of ASCC
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
The first programmable computer
Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to 1937
required that the user insert punch tape
Z1
Alan Turing developed the first electronic computer in 1943
Computer system was a fixed-program computer and it was not programmable
Colossus
the first electronic general purpose computer
Completed in 1946 by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly.
Eniac
the first commercial computer
designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly
Univac 1
UNIVAC 1 stands for
UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
The First Stored Program Computer
Designed by Von Neumann in 1952
Edvac
the first installed electronic computer for business (1954)
IBM 650
FORTRAN
(FORmula TRANslator)
COBOL
(COmmon Business Oriented Language)
LISP
(LISt Processor)
ALGOL
(ALGOrithmic Language)
BASIC
Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code
Designed and built by Steve Wozniak in 1976-1977
Made home computing practicable
Apple I and Apple II
In 1981, IBM introduced its first ____ Computer.The first Portable Computer
MS-DOS Computer
introduced in 1984
the first mass-produced, commercially-available computer with a Graphical User Interface
Macintosh 128
introduced in 1989, It was sort of Mac-like but greatly inferior. Macintosh owners were known to refer to it sarcastically as AGAM-84 “Almost as Good As Macintosh 84.
Windows 1.0
What generation of computers is Vacuum tube based: used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU
First Generation (1946-1959)
What generation of computers is Transistor based: it was invented at Bell Labs in 1948
Second Generation (1959-1965)
What generation of computers is Integrated Circuit based: an IC has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors along with the associated circuitry
Third Generation (1965-1971)
What generation of computers is Microprocessor based: VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration) circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements
Fourth Generation (1971-1980)
What generation of computers is Microprocessor based It is based on parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial Intelligence) software.
Fifth Generation (1980-onwards)
IC stands for
Integrated Circuit
VLSI
Very Large-Scale Integration
ULSI
Ultra Large-Scale Integration
any hardware device that sends data to a computer, allowing you to interact with and control it
Input Devices
the physical parts or components of a computer
Hardware
any piece of computer hardware equipment which converts information into human-readable form.
Output Devices
the components responsible for the processing of information within the computer system.
Processing Devices
devices that stores all data temporary and permanent nature and BYTE is the unit of memory
Memory/Storage Devices
a set of instructions, programs that are used to execute any particular task
Software
a computer software that is designed for running the computer hardware parts and the application programs
System Software
designed for the users to perform some specific tasks like writing a letter, listening to music or seeing any video
Application Software
used by the programmers to write their programs, scripts, and instructions which can be executed by a computer
Programming Languages
a widely used approach in systems analysis and software engineering for describing the structure of an information processing program or another process
Input–Process–Output (IPO) Model
fastest and powerful, and expensive type of computer for processing data
made to perform multi-specific tasks
composed of many CPUs
Super Computer
commonly the Personal Computer widely used today
typically used for personal use
Micro Computer
based on purpose: designed to perform a particular or specialized task
Special Purpose Computer
based on purpose: do various everyday tasks such as writing a word processing letter, document preparation, recording, financial analysis, printing documents
General Purpose Computer
combined complex computer unit built using both analog and digital properties and united by a single control system
Hybrid Computer
the “clock speed” of the processor
the faster (higher the number), the faster the computer can do what you ask it to do
Processor GHz Speed
GPU
Graphics Processing Unit
important in doing photo or image editing, graphic design, or gaming.
GPU
helps take care of your data, can replace a hard drive, and uses less of the CPU.
Solid State Drive – SSD
RAM
Random Access Memory
memory enables to easily open lots of browser tabs and allows easily having lots of programs or applications open at once.
is measured in gigabytes (GB).
RAM
uses ten digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
Decimal Number System - (Base 10)
defined as the representation of numbers by using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner..
Number system
A group of eight bits and is usually abbreviated as an uppercase B.
use for file sizes and storage capacities.
BYTE
used to represent digital data are referred to as binary digits— from this term we get the word bit that stands for binary digit.
0s and 1s
an abbreviation for binary digit, can be further abbreviated as a lowercase b.
BIT
has only two values: 0 and 1
Binary Number System - (Base 2)
has 8 independent values/symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7.
Octal Number System - (Base 8)
Its base or radix is 16
Hexadecimal Number System - (Base 16)
A application software for writing texts, and different types of documents can be easily developed in a practical way
a word processor that allows you to create and edit text
MICROSOFT WORD
access common commands no matter which tab is selected.
Quick Access Toolbar
are the horizontal menu appear at the top of the Ribbon and contain groups of related commands
Tabs or Menu
the organized related commands displaying below each tab or menu.
Groups
displays a full-screen view of the document
Read Mode
displays a document view that appears on a Web browser
Web Layout
display your document in outline form
Outline View
displays only the text of your document as it appears on the printed page
no headers and footers are shown in this view
Draft View
displays pages exactly as they will show in print
Print Layout View
the area where we can type
Document or Work Area
shows the total number of pages, word count, language, translator, error notifications, and sections among other information
Status Bar
a small arrow in the lower-right corner of many groups on the Ribbon
Dialog Box Launcher
contains multiple tabs, each with several groups of commands
Ribbon
you can enter or edit data, a formula, or a function that will appear in a specific cell
Formula Bar
displays the location, or “name” of a selected cell.
Name Box
the basic building blocks of a worksheet
Cell
a grid of columns and rows where columns are designated by letters and rows designated by numbers
The Worksheet
to quickly copy and paste content to adjacent cells in the same row or column
FILL HANDLE
can easily search your workbook using the Find feature,
FIND AND REPLACE
lets you search for specific information in your spreadsheet
VLOOKUP
the biggest network of computer networks on earth or meta network
INTERNET
uses a telephone line to transmit and receive data.
the slowest and the most inexpensive among the different types of available Internet connections
Dial-up Connection
Limitations:
Slow access
Limited bandwidth
Cannot use phone and web at same time
Dial-up Connection
Converts electrical signals that carries data as fast as about 70% speed of light
not electrical in nature
Limitation: pricey
Fiber Optics
connections made over digital cell phones or mobile phones
Cellular data is the default and provides access to the Internet when not within a Wi-Fi hotspot.
Cellular Data
usually used in homes only during emergencies
Cellular Data
a high-speed, reliable internet service for rural and underserved areas
Wireless Broadband Internet
the basic unit of information available on the Web
Web page
a set of intimately connected web pages interlinked by logical pointers called hyperlinks
Website
an application program that runs on the host computer and manages the web pages stored on the website’s repository. Its purpose is to provide information and services to Web users.
Web server
or a browser, is an application program that makes the content on the Internet viewable. Displays and plays all elements such as images, sounds, motion, and other features of a website at their designated positions
Web browser
a network node that works as an entrance to some other network
Gateway
provides a uniform way of identifying resources available at the host computer
URL or Uniform Resource Locator
URL
Uniform Resource Locator
a mutually agreed set of rules or methods for transmitting data between two devices.
Protocol
this is the location of a file or a program
Path
a unique numeric identifier, known as an IP address or by a unique name that can be resolved into the IP address
Host
ISP
Internet Service Provider
are application programs that allow searching the Web by typing in a topic of interest.
Search engines
a document that holds information which is utilized to link the user to other documents
Hypertext
is used to develop documents for the Web.
HTML
HTML
Hypertext Markup Language
a compilation of academic work and other forms of educational evidence assembled
using google site
STUDENT PORTFOLIO
the act of designing the steps that solve a particular problem for a computer
ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT
someone who wants to find a solution to a problem
CLIENT
someone who finds a way to solve the problem
DEVELOPER
STEPS IN ALGORITHM DESIGN
- Obtain a description of the problem
- Analyze the problem
- Develop a high-level algorithm
- Refine the algorithm by adding more detail
- Review the algorithm
the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.
PROBLEM SOLVING
used to represent the start and end of a process
Oval or Terminator
STEPS IN ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
- Define the problem
- Generate alternative solutions
- Evaluate and select an alternative
- Implement and follow up on the solution
A Step in the Flowcharting Process
Rectangle
Indicate Directional Flow
to guide the viewer along their flowcharting path
Arrow
Indicate a Decision
Diamond
show that there are additional points of reference involved in your flowchart
to indicate items like “create an invoice” or “review testing paperwork.”
Document Symbols
show where and how data is coming in and out throughout your process
Input & Output Symbols
clarify where the data your flowchart references is being stored
Data Symbols
Agreed-upon merging and connector symbols make it easier to connect flowcharts that span multiple pages.
Merging & Connecting Symbols
SSD
Solid Sate Drive
When was Python released?
1991
What is the role of PVM?
It reads your program and carries out the instructions it contains, It is responsible for executing each command sequentially, It converts the byte code instructions into machine code so the computer can execute those machine code instructions and display the output.
It is a series of instructions, often referred to as a “process,” which is to be followed when solving a particular problem.
Algorithm
The purpose of this step is to determine both the starting and ending points for solving the problem
Analyze the problem
It is the final step to review the algorithm.
Review the algorithm
It is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem; identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a solution.
Problem solving
Which of the following is the first step in developing an algorithm?
Define the problem
Which of the following is the main purpose of a flowchart?
To document a process visually
What is an algorithm in computing?
A plan for solving a problem, often in the form of a series of instructions
What is Step 1 in the algorithm development process?
Define the problem
What is the final step in the algorithm development process?
Implement and follow up on the solution
Identify the step in the algorithm development process where a high-level plan for solving the problem is created, leaving out detailed instructions.
Develop a high-level algorithm
It’s an activity wherein you connect your computer to the Internet.
Browse
When you access information, you have access to many different websites through the Internet. What main term is being described here?
World Wide Web
Which is responsible to interpret the codes and display the following information as illustrated below.
HTML
When you access some information through the Internet, this application will use to view and display the information right away to your computer.
Browsers
A sample URL that is encrypted with a hypertext transfer protocol with a domain name “.gov” and has a path to resource index.html.
https://www.company.gov/index.html
A client wants to install a bit cheaper and less intrusive Internet connectivity. As a student with a basic knowledge of the Internet, what would be the best option you can recommend to the client’s needs?
Wireless Broadband Internet
In which decade did the first-ever domain registration occur?
1980s
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of dial-up internet access?
High cost
What is one of the cons of fixed wireless broadband internet?
Limited availability
What is the primary characteristic of fiber optic connections?
Data transmission using light signals
What is the purpose of a web server?
To store web pages
What was the significant event in 1995 that marked a watershed year for the internet?
Launch of Windows 95
Which internet connection type is known for its reliability and fast speeds comparable to high-speed cable?
Wireless Broadband Internet
can be used to narrow down the data in your worksheet, allowing you to view only the information you need
Filters OR FILTERING DATA
you could organize a list of contact information by last name. Content can be sorted alphabetically, numerically, and in many other ways.
SORTING DATA
to view content from different parts of your workbook at the same time,
FREEZING PANES
a predefined formula that performs calculations using specific values in a particular order
FUNCTIONS
CTRL X
CUT
CTRL C
COPY
CTRL V
PASTE
CTRL O
OPEN DOCUMENT
CTRL W
CLOSE DOCUMENT
CTRL P
PRINT/PREVIEW
CTRL B
BOLD
CTRL =
SUBSCRIPT
CTRL U
UNDERLINE
CTRL K
SMALL CAPS
CTRL L
LEFT ALIGN
CTRL E
CENTER ALIGN
F12
SAVE AS
CTRL I
ITALICIZE
SHIFT CTRL =
SUPERSCRIPT
CTRL J
JUSTIFY ALIGN
CTRL R
RIGHT ALIGN
CTRL A
SELECT ALL
