Com Pro - part 01 Flashcards
The difficulties of public speaking
Getting out of your comfort zone and being seen before being heard are major obstacles.
The importance of controlling body and thought
(mean)
Public speaking requires mastering both the body and the mind.
The three types of speaking situations
Speeches, debates/meetings, and Q&A sessions.
The 5 pillars of eloquence
Invention, action, memory, elocution, composition.
The rule of the 3Vs (vocal, verbal, visual)
(tips)
Work on your voice, articulation, and visual appearance for optimal impact.
The role of sophists in Athenian democracy
They advised politicians using sophisticated rhetorical techniques.
Differences between eloquence, rhetoric, and sophistry
Eloquence: the art of speaking well. Rhetoric: techniques for eloquence. Sophistry: practical application in politics.
En anglais, “sophism” et “sophistry” désignent tous deux des raisonnements fallacieux, mais ils diffèrent légèrement en usage et en connotation :
- Sophism : Un raisonnement fallacieux spécifique, souvent délibéré, qui semble logique mais vise à tromper[1][7].
- Sophistry : Une pratique ou méthode générale d’utiliser des arguments fallacieux pour tromper, associée à la manipulation rhétorique ou à la mauvaise foi[4][7].
Ainsi, “sophism” est plus précis (un exemple), tandis que “sophistry” englobe une approche ou une tendance globale.
Sources
[1] Sophisme - Wikipédia https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophisme
[2] Quelle est la différence entre la pratique de la sophistique … - Reddit https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/6jwlbp/what_is_the_difference_between_practicing/?tl=fr
[3] Sophisme : définition simple, exemples et citations - — Wikiberal https://www.wikiberal.org/wiki/Sophisme
[4] sophistry - Traduction française - Linguee https://www.linguee.fr/anglais-francais/traduction/sophistry.html
[5] Sophiste - Wikipédia https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophiste
[6] SOPHISTE - Traduction en anglais - bab.la https://fr.bab.la/dictionnaire/francais-anglais/sophiste
[7] SOPHISM | définition en anglais - Cambridge Dictionary https://dictionary.cambridge.org/fr/dictionnaire/anglais/sophism
[8] Sophistique | Cairn.info https://shs.cairn.info/le-savoir-grec–9782080205230-page-1161?lang=fr
Historical examples of eloquence
Demosthenes, Protagoras, Gorgias.
(Dé-mos-tuh-neez)
Paradoxical praise by Gorgias
Convincing an audience by praising someone initially disliked.
The importance of appearance in communication
Clothing, hairstyle, and accessories convey powerful messages.
How to occupy space as a speaker
Adapt your movements to the size of the stage; never turn your back ON the audience.
The role of memory in public speaking
(warrant)
Allows you to free yourself from notes and focus on the audience.
The importance of voice and elocution
(premisse)
Speak clearly, vary the rhythm, and use pauses to captivate the audience.
Techniques for composing a speech
(tips)
Structure your arguments to maintain the audience’s attention.
The ideal posture for public speaking
(tips)
Stand upright, with feet firmly planted and a stable air column.
Gestures and their interpretation
Open palms inspire trust, while crossed arms signal defensiveness.
Facial expression and its implications
(mean)
An expressive face enhances the message but must align with the words.
Comparative analysis: Gardin, Jobs, and Macron
(observation)
Gardin: striking costume, Jobs: simplicity, Macron: formal elegance.
Jacques Brel and body language in “Amsterdam”
(observation)
His body fully embodied the message, adding emotional power.
François Hollande and verbal/non-verbal mismatch
(observation)
His body expressed resignation before his words in his 2016 speech.
The importance of voice in communication
The voice is a key tool for conveying emotions and capturing attention.
Definition of sophists and their role
Sophists were itinerant teachers and experts in rhetoric in ancient Greece.
Historical example of paradoxical praise
(arg for)
Gorgias praised Helen of Troy, a controversial figure, to demonstrate the power of words.
Invention as a pillar of rhetoric
(definition)
Creating impactful images and figures to captivate the audience.
Action and staging in public speaking
(attributes)
Includes movements, gestures, and control of silences for maximum impact.
The role of memory in eloquence
(mean value)
Memory allows freedom from notes and better engagement WITH the audience.
Elocution and the art of speaking well
(tips)
Speak clearly, vary tone and rhythm to captivate the audience.
Composition and argument organization
(tips)
Organize arguments to maintain attention and effectively persuade.
Difference between eloquence and rhetoric
(definition)
Eloquence is the art of speaking well, while rhetoric encompasses the techniques to achieve it.
The importance of mastering eye contact
(value)
Eye contact is crucial for establishing a connection and capturing the audience’s attention.
Gestures of openness and closure
(tips)
Open gestures like upward palms inspire trust; crossed arms indicate defensiveness.
Steve Jobs and effective public speaking
(receipe)
Simple clothing and technical eloquence focus the audience on the message.
Blanche Gardin and the impact of costume
Her bold, luminous costume captures attention and creates a unique atmosphere.
Emmanuel Macron and mastering the framework
His sober, formal appearance reflects his political role while remaining approachable.
Posture and voice projection
(tips)
An upright, stable posture optimizes voice projection and perceived confidence.
The “windmill” as a transitional gesture
The “windmill” hand movement guides the audience and marks transitions in speech.
Sophists as the spin doctors of antiquity
They were influential rhetorical advisors, often criticized for relativism.
The idea of asymmetry between speaker and audience
(tips)
Speakers must reverse the asymmetry by owning the audience’s space.
Techniques for capturing audience interest
(tips)
Ask questions, tell stories, and vary tones to maintain attention.
Rapport as an essential connection with the audience
(tips)
Build trust and intimacy to maximize the impact of the message.
