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com 330 > Com 330 Final Exam > Flashcards

Com 330 Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

what is compulsory heterosexulaity?

A

you must be hetero

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2
Q

what is heteronormativity?

A

“The view that institutionalized heterosexuality constitutes the standard (normal way) for legitimate and expected social and social relationships.” (Hetero is the norm)

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3
Q

what is the marriage gradient?

A

Women marry “up,” while men marry “down.” Men tend to marry women who are younger than themselves, have less income, and have less education. Women tend to marry men who are older than themselves, have more income, and have more education. As men get older and richer, their pool of eligible wives becomes larger while the opposite happens for women who get older and richer.

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4
Q

what does the cream of the crop mean?

A

Older, more educated, higher learning women face a smaller the pool of eligible men who are older, more educated and make more money (they can only “marry down”).

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5
Q

what does the bottom of the barrel mean?

A

Younger men with lower income- younger women are “higher than them.”

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6
Q

what are the reasons for marriage gradient transition?

A

The marriage might be changing because work has become a normal part of women’s lives. So “traditional” ideas about marriage (one works, one stays at home) are changing, and so today… women who are educated and financially independent & successful may value other things in a male partner besides a provider role. In sum, a successful educated woman would expand her pool of eligible husbands by not following the marriage gradient.

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7
Q

what is marriage envy?

A

unmarried women are jealous of other women who are married

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8
Q

what is postfeminism?

A

the idea that we no longer need feminism. Feminism is considered ‘outdated’ and obsolete because women have achieved equality with men

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9
Q

what is heterosexual imaginary?

A

The belief system that relies on romance and sacred notions of heterosexuality in order to create and maintain the illusion of well being.

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10
Q

what does schadenfreude mean?

A

pleasure at the misfortunate of others

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11
Q

What is brideland?

A

A place where women are the stars and men are secondary figures that serve women- and where women who claim to have feminist beliefs become “enchanted” by the pretty dresses and fantasy of weddings (like the romantic utopia). Men are shadowy figures at the service of women.

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12
Q

what are the 3 components of hegemonic femininity?

A

1) Heterosexual sex (must be straight)
2) Romance (all women want romance)
3) Beauty: gets the most emphasis in bridal media.

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13
Q

what is bride lit?

A

Books about weddings and brides.

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14
Q

what is hierophany?

A

Refers to the “magic” associated with finding the right “one”: especially the perfect wedding dress (“I knew it was the one,” “I feel like a princess”).

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15
Q

what’s the difference between grooms magazines and bride magazines?

A

Bridal magazines focus on party planning. Little, if any, space is devoted to Relationships (except wedding etiquette). Groom’s magazine had an article on eloping (to Vegas). The article on relationships was titled “For better or worse,” actually cited Gottman and told men they need to tell their wives verbally how much they appreciate them (communication research).

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16
Q

marriage statistics?

A

95% of all men/women in the U.S. are married by age 55. The median age at first marriage: WOMEN- 25.8 and MEN- 28.3

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17
Q

divorce research?

A

Divorce is most likely to occur among people who marry at an early age. People who divorce are often unwilling or unable to modify their identities to cope with the new challenges of marriage.

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18
Q

divorce statistics?

A

1/3 first marriages end before 10 years. Divorced men remarry at higher rates.

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19
Q

Likelihood of marriage lasting more than 10 years: two factors:

A

1) If both partners are 26 or older

2) If both partners have at least a bachelors degree

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20
Q

From the bachelorette chapter: according to the author of this chapter, what are the two ‘parents’ of the reality television game?

A

soap opera and documentary

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21
Q

the author mentions ‘the forming of realistic relationships with media personalities’ as defined by horton and wohl, which we know as this two word term:

A

parasocial interaction

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22
Q

T/F: trista the bachelorette chose ryan after getting to know him, which went against Myth#2: love at first sight

A

true

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23
Q

regarding the love myth about the right mate completing you, the message regarding being single is….if you’re single, then there must be something ____with you

A

wrong

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24
Q

T/F: from the bachelorette chapter: regarding the incomplete without a partner myth, the author actually says wanting to share your life with a compatible partner is not a bad thing

A

true

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25
Q

T/F: from the bachelorette chapter: one of the byproducts of shows like the bachelorette and the bachelor is that they overvalue the importance of getting married

A

true

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26
Q

T/F: from the bachelorette: the author of this chapter was unable to identify any love myths in the bachelorette, but did find prescriptions

A

false

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27
Q

from the bachelorette chapter: even though a woman is in the position of power of this show, how do traditional gender roles and the hetersexual script become reasserted in this program in terms of proposal?

A

the man still makes the proposal

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28
Q

myths/ prescriptions in the bachelorette premiere episode:

A 
myth#1: perfect partner is predestined
RX: consider countless candidates
myth#2: love at first sight
myth#3: soul mate should know what you're thinking 
rx#3: communicate courageously 
myth#5: woman should look like a model
rx#5: cherish completeness 
myth#10: the right mate completes you
myth#11: actors/actresses are like the characters they play
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29
Q

from the bachelor ch: besides the central myth examined by the author, what two other myths does the author discuss that the bachelor discuss?

A

myth#5: a woman should look like a model/centerfold

myth#6: the man should not be shorter, weaker, younger, poorer, etc…

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30
Q

from the bachelor ch: the author says that ‘Must Marry TV, portrays single women as

A

pathetic

31
Q

from the bachelor ch.: how did writer Ty Burr describe the way the show treats everyone on it except the host?

A

“disposable meat”

32
Q

from the bachelor ch: what does the author say romance novels and programs like the bachelor and a wedding story provide to women?

A

they give women and escape from the reality of romance

33
Q

from reality tv weddings: whose wedding was the inspiration for the learning channel show a wedding story?

A

sarah ferguson andprince andrew

34
Q

from reality tv weddings: the author concluded that myth#4- sex is easy and wonderful was adapted in a wedding story as: if your partner is truly meant for you, ________is easy and wonderful

A

marriage

35
Q

T/F: from reality tv weddings chapter: the author says that the reality show gay weddings differed from the other reality tv wedding shows in showing partners honest confessions and expressions of frustration, disappointment, and tension

A

true

36
Q

T/F: from wedding films: author k johnson says that its important to study media portrayals of marriage and weddings because unrealistic expectations of weddings and marriage is related to an increased likelihood of divorce

A

true

37
Q

T/F: from wedding films: the research method used was a survey of moviegoers who had watched at least 10 of the 13 films mentioned in this chapter

A

true

38
Q

T/F: from wedding films, the author detected only 3 of galicians 12 love myths in the films mentioned in this chapter

A

false.

39
Q

from wedding films: how many of the couples in the films discussed in this chapter were show going to premarital counseling?

A

none

40
Q

from frozen: We see elsa’s transformation when she becomes the snow queen, does myth#5 apply here?

A

No, she’s not trying to attract a man.

41
Q

from frozen: at the ice castle, anna tells elsa she will be there for her. What characteristics of intimacy are shown here?

A

to be there in times of need; she desires the welfare of elsa

42
Q

from frozen: who saves anna from staying frozen forever?

A

anna

43
Q

from frozen: what version of greek love is shown by this act of true love?

A

storge and agape

44
Q

from frozen: who is the real love story in this movie about?

A

anna and elsa

45
Q

from the bachelor chapter: what is the must marry tv trend?

A

It attempts to pair a woman and a man in a long-lasting romance relationship through a game-show format.

46
Q

from the bachelor chapter: What are the two most important components of The Bachelor?

A

The chosen bachelor and the 25 bachelorettes

47
Q

from the bachelor chapter: Even when the bachelor’s credentials are “impeccable,” what makes the critical thinker skeptical about his character?

A

Critics have not missed the fact that agreeing to be on the show such as this leaves Alex’s character in question

48
Q

from the bachelor chapter: How many women responded to the show’s “casting call”?

A

Close to 1,000

49
Q

from the bachelor chapter: How did the audience and critics think about the women who wanted to be on the show?

A

The women appeared fairly desperate and willing to do just about anything to obtain the feeling of well-being that comes with being in a romantic-heterosexual relationship.

50
Q

from the bachelor chapter: What is the “heterosexual imaginary” as defined by Ingraham?

A

The belief system that relies on romantic and sacred notions of heterosexuality in order to create and maintain the illusion of well-being.

51
Q

from the bachelor chapter: what love myth does the bachelor perpetuate?

A

Myth#10: The right mate “completes” you

52
Q

from the bachelor chapter: What are the three ways that the author says The Bachelor perpetuates its main love myth?

A
  1. Through showing the women as desperate to be validated by a male partner who desires them.
  2. It constantly shows the audience how the lives of the bachelorettes could be better and more complete if they were paired in a romantic heterosexual relationship with Alex.
  3. The exits of the rejected women from the show clearly construst the women as “losers” and, thus, incomplete because they are not in a romantic relationship.
53
Q

from the bachelor chapter: How did rejected bachelorette Kim respond to not getting a rose—what prescription did her reaction illustrate?

A

Kim remarked, “There’s other men out there for me. He’s just not the one right now.” She represented prescription#1: Consider countless candidates.

54
Q

from the bachelor chapter: What was Rhonda’s reaction?

A

Rhonda immediaitely launched into an anxiety attack, gasping for air while stating, “You have these hopes that someong is going to see something.” It indicates that some of the women on the show feel as though they need to have a male significant other for validation as a woman.

55
Q

from the bachelor: What does the Rose Ceremony symbolize?

A

A wedding proposal. A validation point for women.

56
Q

from the bachelor: The Bachelor makes sure that the audience knows that if you don’t get a rose, then you are a _________.

A

a loser

57
Q

What three love myths does the author examine in The Bachelorette? 


A
  • Myth #12: Since mass media portrayals of romance aren’t ‘real,’ they don’t really affect you.
  • Myth #2: There’s such a thing as ‘love at first sight’.
  • Myth #3: The right mate ‘completes you’ – filling your needs and making your dreams come true.
58
Q

Even though a woman is in the position of power in this show, how do traditional gender 
roles and the Heterosexual Script become reasserted in in terms of the proposal?

A

The guy usually asks the girl out and the girl waits. The gender roles are flipped.

59
Q

What two factors does the author say enhance the likelihood of parasocial relationships 
for viewers of The Bachelorette? 


A

Similarities to pre-established genres and maintenance.

60
Q

When did Horton and Wohl come up with “parasocial interaction,” and what is the 
definition given here?

A

“After watching a series regularly for a period of time, or several sequels to a film, viewers become familiar with the personalities, preferences, and habit of characters and may come to feel that they know the characters as well as friends or neighbors.”

61
Q

What three factors does the author say may cause viewers of The Bachelorette to form 
parasocial relationships with its “characters” and overestimate the realism of the 
program?

A

Melodramatic content, serial nature and rhetoric of “realness.”

62
Q

How does the use of the “video diary” enhance parasocial interaction? 


A

As if we are having a private conversation with them.

63
Q

from reality tv weddings: What DON’T we hear about in these couples’ love story narratives?

A

Viewers don’t hear of past relationships that these “perfect” couples had to experience before finding their perfect match.

64
Q

from reality tv weddings: What do the weddings in Gay Weddings look like?

A

These weddings mimic traditional, heterosexual weddings, complete with traditionally worded vows and officiant presiding over the ceremony, and a reception.

65
Q

Is Gay Weddings really counterhegemonic?

A

no.

66
Q

“Reality television is still ___________.”

A

television

67
Q

To make reality television more real, what does the author say these programs need to show?

A

They need to provide a more complete picture of the relationships of the couples they present and of marriage planning. Couples thoughts and negotiations concerning marital responsibilities, expectations concerning finances, and plans regarding children need to be included in these stories as well.

68
Q

Because these programs have to end in a successful wedding, what WON’T we ever see in terms of what can happen to couples in real life AND alternatives to the stereotypical white wedding?

A

Realistic portrayals of couples in trouble and actually breaking up cannot be shown.

69
Q

from wedding films: What myths did the author detect in these films? Or, rather, how many of Galician’s 
love myths does he talk about here? 


A

myths #1-11

70
Q

Of the films examined here, which ones contain the most number of myths—which ones 
does the author mention most frequently

A

American Wedding.

71
Q

How does Muriel’s Wedding actually counter Myth #5—A woman must look like a 
model or centerfold? 


A

Muriel is slightly overweight and her hair is not the same color as hair of those who are considered stylish. Her husband is only in it for financial gain.

72
Q

Regarding the love myth about bickering and fighting, how does the movie Just Married 
normalize this myth?

A

Sarah’s choice of comparison to an “old married couple” displays a view of marriage that those who are together the longest show their love by bickering more frequently.

73
Q

What are the two additional myths the author says wedding films illustrate?

A

1) “You can have the wedding of your dreams and afford it, too.”
2) “Financial struggles have nothing to do with the success of a relationship.”

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