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COM 113 > COM 113 Final > Flashcards

COM 113 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Similarities between Public Speaking and Conversation

A
  1. Organize your thoughts logically
  2. Tailoring your message to the audience.
  3. Tell a story for maximum impact.
  4. adapting to listener feedback.
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2
Q

Denotation

A

literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.

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3
Q

Connotation

A

The meaning suggested by the associations or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.

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4
Q

Imagery

A

The use of vivid language to create mental images of objects, actions, or ideas.

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5
Q

Metaphor

A

An implicit comparison, not introduced with the word “like” or “as” between two things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

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6
Q

Simile

A

An explicit comparison, introduced with the word “like” or “as” between things that are essentially different yet have something in common.

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7
Q

Repetition

A

– Reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences.

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8
Q

Alliteration

A

Repetition of the initial constant sound of close or adjoining words.

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9
Q

Similarities between Public Speaking and Conversation

A

Organize your thoughts logically.
Tell Story for Max Impact.
Tailor message to the Audience.
Adapt to Audience Feedback.

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10
Q

Differences between Public Speaking and Conversation

A

Public Speaking is more highly structured.
Public Speaking requires more formal language.
Public speaking requires more formal language.

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11
Q

Speech Communication Process

A

Speaker – Person who is presenting an oral message.
Message – whatever the speaker communicates to someone else.
Channel – The means by which a message is communicated.
Listener – The person who receives the speaker’s message.
Frame of Reference – The sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference.
Feedback – The message, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to speaker.
Interface – Anything that impedes the communication of a message. Interface can be extermnal or internal to listeners.
Situation – The time and place in which speech communication occurs.

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12
Q

Miss Teen South Carolina –

A

When asked a question she responds about the wrong geographical location.

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13
Q

Mike Grundy

A

A coach angry with press coverage about a player goes off on a tangent about entire organizations such as the league and all news agencies.

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14
Q

Phil Davison

A

A politician who comes across as belligerent and ignorant and completely fails to read the crowds response.

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15
Q

Ethics –

A

The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

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16
Q

Ethical Decisions

A

Sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards or guidelines.

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17
Q

Guidelines for Ethical Speaking

A

Make sure your goals are ethically sound.
Be fully prepared for each speech.
Be honest in what you say.
Avoid name calling and other form of abusive language.

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18
Q

Plagiarism

A

Presenting another person’s language or ideas as one’s own.

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19
Q

Global Plagiarism

A

Stealing speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one’s own.

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20
Q

Patchwork Plagiarism

A

Stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing it off as one’s own.

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21
Q

Incremental Plagiarism

A

Failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people.

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22
Q

Paraphrase

A

To restate or summarize an author’s ideas in one’s own words.

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23
Q

Listening and Memory (50%, 10%)

A

A listener with retain 50% of what they hear and remember 10% of what they hear. Stronger listening skills with increase percentages.

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24
Q

4 types of listening (critical, ect)

A

Appreciative Listening – Listening for pleasure or enjoyment.
Empathetic Listening – Listening to provide emotional support for speaker.
Comprehensive Listening – Listening to understand the message of a speaker.
Critical Listening – Listening to evaluate a message for purposes of accepting or rejecting it.

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25
Q

Micro Expressions

A

very brief facial expressions, lasting only a fraction of a second. They occur when a person either deliberately or unconsciously conceals a feeling. Seven emotions have universal signals: anger, fear, sadness, disgust, contempt, surprise and happiness.

26
Q

Paul Ekman

A

a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions AKA micro Expressions

27
Q

John Gottman

A

known for his work on marital stability and relationship analysis through scientific direct observations.

28
Q

Bem Sex Role Inventory(BSRI)

A

is a measure of masculinity-femininity and gender roles. It assesses how people identify themselves psychologically.

29
Q

Listening and Gender

A

– Females tend to be Appriciative and Empathetic. Males tend to be Comprehensive and Critical.

30
Q

Speaker-Responsible Language

A

the speaker is expected to provide structure and therefore much of the specific meaning of the statement. The speaker tells the listener what is going to be talked about and what the speaker wants the listener to know.

31
Q

Listener Responsible Language

A

the speaker needs to indicate only indirectly what they are discussing and what they want the listener to know when the conversation is over. The listener is forced to construct the meaning, and usually does so based on shared knowledge between the speaker and the listener.

32
Q

Non-verbals

A

Non-verbal communications include facial expressions, the tone and pitch of the voice, gestures displayed through body language (kinesics) and the physical distance between the communicators.

33
Q

Stable Generalizations

A

Will accurately predict the future.

34
Q

Unstable Generalizations

A

Will inaccurately predict the future.

35
Q

Audience Centeredness

A

Keeping the audience focused as you prepare your speech.

36
Q

Identification

A

A process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals and experiences.

37
Q

Psychology of Audience

A

People are most interested about themselves

38
Q

Demographic Audience Analysis

A

– Audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background.

39
Q

Situational Audience Analysis

A

Audience analysis that focuses on situation factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.

40
Q

Barbara Bush Wellesley Commencement Address

A

Barbara wins the crowd over and was not the choice of speakers the college graduation class would have chosen. She did it by tactfully relating to the crowd.

41
Q

Supporting materials –

A

The materials used to support a speaker’s ideas. The three major kinds of supporting materials are examples, statistics, and testimony.

42
Q

Example –

A

A specific case used to illustrate or to represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.

43
Q

Brief example

A

A specific case referred to in passing to illustrate.

44
Q

Extended Example

A

A story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

45
Q

Statistics (tips for usage of mean, median, and mode) -

A

Be accurate, don’t use too many details, keep it simple.

46
Q

Best Practice for Using Visual Aids

A

Avoid using the chalk board
Display visual aids where listeners can see them
Avoid passing visual aids among the audience
Display visual aids only while discussing them.
Talk to your audience, not your visual aid
Explain visual Aids clearly and concisely
Practice with your visual aids

47
Q

Types of visual aids

A

Model – An object, usually built to scale, that represents another object in detail.
Graph – A visual Aid used to show statistical trends and patterns.
Line Graph - uses one or more lines to show changes in statistics over time or space.
Pie Graph – highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns.
Bar Graph – uses vertical or horizontal bars to show comparisons among two or more items.

48
Q

Three types of Credibility

A

Initial credibility – The credibility of a speaker before he r she starts to speak.
Derived Credibility – The credibility of a speaker produced by everything he or she says and does during the speech.
Terminal Credibility – The credibility of a speaker at the end of the speech.

49
Q

When presenting Emotional Appeals

A

Create a common ground with audience.
Use a gripping story that impacts the audience.
Be credible with your material.

50
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Psychological Needs, Safety Needs, Love and Belonging, Esteem, and Self Actualization.

51
Q

Induction –

A

One instance labels the whole crown, not reasonable.

52
Q

Deduction –

A

Keeping things focused specific details about a specific subject.

53
Q

Analogy

A

be precise and accurate and credible

54
Q

False cause

A

stating the cause of something and you can’t prove it.

55
Q

Band Wagon

A

Everyone is involved therefore you do it.

56
Q

Slippery Slope

A

If you do this terrible things will happen to you.

57
Q

Either or

A

Do this or you’re a bad person.

58
Q

Logos

A

Appeal to Reason

59
Q

Pathos –

A

Appeal to Emotion

60
Q

Ethos

A

The persuasive appeal to one’s character

COM 113 (1 decks)

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